OB III T3: Fetal heart
The fetal heart should occupy approximately ______ of the thoracic cavity.
1/3
Fetal bradycardia is defined as prolonged fetal heart rate less than or equal to ____ BPM
100
The normal fetal heart rate is generally between:
120-160
Fetal tachycardia is defined as a heart rate over _____ beats per minute.
180
The average cardiac axis is ____ degrees.
45
What abnormality is a communication between the right and left atrium that persists after birth?
Atrial septal defect
Which heart rate is associated with fetal asphyxia?
Below 80
When fetal pleural effusion is encountered, a careful search of the _____ the should be attempted.
Diaphragm
The visulization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicastive of:
Diaphragmatic hernia
Which structure is refered to as having a "Hockey stick" appearance?
Ductal arch
Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein by what structure?
Ductus venosus
Sonographic findings for hypoplastic right heart, absent or very small left ventricle. T/F
False
The aortic arch has a hockey stick appearance.
False
What is the most commonly acquired image of the fetal heart?
Four chamber view
The normal fetal lungs appear on ultrasound as?
Homogeneous and moderately more echogenic than the liver
Herniation through the foramen of Bochdalek is usually found on which one of the following portions of the diaphragm?
Left
In utero, the foramen ovale opens toward the:
Left atrium
Which section of the heart is closest to the fetal spine?
Left atrium
An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the:
Left ventricle
Tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except: -stenosis -ventricular septal defect -left ventricular hypertrophy -overriding aortic root
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Which outflow tract gives rise to the aorta?
Left ventricular outflow tract
Which type of imaging is used to evaluate cardiac motion?
M-mode
What lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Mitral valve
Oxygenated blood from ___ enters the fetus through the ____.
Placenta/umbilical vein
The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:
Pleural effusion
The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of:
Pleural effusion
Describe transposition of the great vessels
The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? -the apex of the heart will be angled to the right of mildline -the apex of the heart is the potion closest to the spine -the normal fetal heart will fill approxamately 2/3 the fetal chest -the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium
The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium
The aorta is connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle in what condition?
Transposition of the great vessels
An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of:
Trisomy 21
Ectopia Cordis is defined as all of part the heart is located outside the chest cavity. T/F
True
__________ of the cord may be formed when a loop of cord is slipped over the fetal head and shoulders during delivery.
True knots
The most common defect postnatally is:
Ventricular septal defect
Which one of the following congenital lesions of the heart is the most common? -secundum atrial spetal defect -ventricular septal defect -pulmonary stenosis -coarctation of the aorta
Ventricular septal defect
The embryonic heart begins to beat at the ____ week.
fifth
The division of the heart into four chambers occurs during the ____ and ___ weeks of fetal development.
fourth; fifth