OB test 2

Which of the following is TRUE of job crafting? A. Job crafting can distract employees from their tasks they need to do on a daily basis. B. Job crafting can only occur with manager approval. C. Job crafting is initiated by the organization to increase employee motivation. D. Job crafting only benefits the employee.

A. job crafting can distract employees from their tasks they need to do on a daily basis

John is familiar with a perceptual error known as the recency effect. How might John incorporate this knowledge into his performance evaluation with his boss? A. He can focus on performing well in the time just prior to the performance evaluation as that is what his boss is most likely to remember. B. He can start strong in the early part of the review period and then let his performance diminish as the evaluation comes nearer. C. The recency effect would not apply to performance evaluations. D. He can maintain average performance throughout and be seen as a steady worker.

A. He can focus on performing well in the time just prior to the performance evaluation as that is what his boss is most likely to remember

Which of the following is a benefit of understanding the job characteristics theory? A. Jobs can be designed so that people are more motivated. B. Jobs can be designed so that people are more creative. C. Jobs can be designed so that people are more discouraged. D. Jobs can be designed so that people work more steadily.

A. Jobs can be designed so that people are more motivated

RST Corp. had to downsize and let part of their workforce go due a recession. Which force driving organizational change is at play? A. Economy B. Globalization C. Competition D. Diversity

A. economy

Which theory of motivation looks at how people compare their inputs to their outcomes and explains that individuals become motivated to change their behavior if their inputs do not match their outputs? A. Equity Theory B. Needs Theory C. Expectancy Theory D. Goal-setting Theory

A. equity theory

Xavier knows that motivation is important in the workplace. As a manager, he should also know that he should provide ______ in order for the processes of energizing and directing behavior to stay on track. A. feedback B. healthy meals C. regular breaks D. a stress-free environment

A. feedback

Stephen wants to ensure that his goals for his department are relevant. What question should Steven ask to ensure the goal is relevant? A. When will the goal be completed? B. How does this fit in with the broader mission of the organization? C. How will we accomplish the goal? D. Who else is doing this?

B. How does it fit in with the broader mission of the organization?

Katherine is a manager at Chik-fil-A. During training, she makes sure that new employees work the cash register, work in the kitchen, and finally work the drive-thru window delivering food to customers. She believes this helps employees experience the whole process from beginning to end. Which dimension of job characteristics theory is Katherine focused on? A. Task identity B. Skill variety C. Task significance D. Autonomy

B. Skill variety

Which of the following is a reason why perceptual errors matter in the workplace? A. Perceptual errors affect how job applicants craft their responses to interview questions. B. They affect interpretations of leaders' and coworkers' behavior. C. They affect employee absenteeism. D. They are unable to be changed.

B. They affect interpretations of leaders' and coworkers' behavior

Wearing a fraternity or sorority pin to an interview may invoke a positive impression if the interviewer is a member who assumes membership in that organization translates to high performance. This is an example of ______. A. self-serving bias B. halo effect C. horns effect D. contrast effect

B. halo effect

Overcoming resistance to change can be helped by ______. A. implementing changes fairly B. increasing education and communication about the change C. increasing employee pay D. transferring employees to new jobs

B. increasing education and communication about the change

Jack recently became a manager for a team that he was previously on, which means he has good, personal relationships with his new subordinates. Jack knows it is going to be hard to decide to reprimand his subordinates in the future because he considers them friends. What is one thing that could help Jack reduce his indecisiveness about future decisions? A. Do not shop around for too much information B. Prioritize your roles (manager first, friend second) C. Avoid paralysis by analysis D. Forget about appearing smart

B. prioritize your roles (manager first, friend second)

Which of the following would likely INCREASE the rate of change when a change is occurring? A. Lack of knowledge and skills available for the change B. Support from upper management C. A large amount of complexity surrounding the change D. Lack of resources available for the change

B. support from upper management

Hiring managers can overcome the contrast effect when interviewing job candidates by adhering to the following suggestion: ______. A. compare the current interviewee with the person who was just interviewed B. use a structured interview C. undergo training to enhance biases D. implement the contrast effect

B. use a structured interview

All of the following are ADVANTAGES to group decision-making EXCEPT: A. Greater knowledge pool B. Different perspectives and diverse ideas C. Logrolling D. Increased acceptance of the decision

C. Logrolling

Hinton is trying to actively make changes to his workplace and the practices of his organization before some threat occurs. Which of the following best describes the type of change he is engaging in? A. Incremental B. Reactive C. Proactive D. Radical

C. Proactive

Sylvia puts forth a great deal of effort in her job and believes that it will lead to good performance. This is referred to as which element of expectancy theory? A. Instrumentality B. Self-efficacy C. Expectancy D. Valence

C. expectancy

Jerry is planning how to overcome resistance to change from some of his employees. Some employees are really not happy with the change and Jerry thinks he might have to threaten a loss in pay to actually get employees to comply with the change. What form of overcoming resistance is Jerry using? A. Maneuvering B. Communication C. Involvement D. Coercion

D. Coercion

Before a change occurs, it is important that change agents form a compelling "picture" of what the future after the change will look like. This picture should motivate employees and keep the change process aligned. Which step of Kotter's eight-step model is being described? A. Empowering the action B. Communicating the vision C. Forming a coalition D. Creating a vision

D. Creating a vision

Managers who focus on increasing perception of voice and getting employees involved in the development of ideas are focused on increasing which type of organizational justice? A. Distributive justice B. Interpersonal justice C. Informational justice D. Procedural justice

D. Procedural justice

Hector is interested in using goals in order to motivate his employees. He should remember the following in order to effectively utilize goals: ______. A. Easy goals are more motivating than challenging goals. B. Goals are best set by the leader, regardless of the relevance of the goal to the individual employee. C. Nonspecific goals such as "do your best" are more effective than specific goals. D. The degree to which a person is committed to a goal influences their willingness to persist and attain it.

D. The degree to which a person is committed to a goal influences their willingness to persist and attain it

A restaurant worker tells the restaurant manager, "Keep me in the kitchen. I can't work in the bar because drinking is against my religion". What is the source and focus of the resistance to change? A. Facts about others B. Beliefs about work environment C. Values pertaining to the work environment D. Values pertaining to the self

D. Values pertaining to the self

Tom has been told that he succumbs to the primacy effect at times. In order to offset this perceptual bias when making a decision, Tom needs to ______. A. imagine that his decision is wrong B. be willing to stand firm in his beliefs C. avoid additional information that may contradict first impressions D. be careful to process all available information

D. be careful to process all available information

When thinking about organizational change, we want employees to _____ to the change, but it is more likely that they ____ or go along with the change because they have to. A. Comply; commit B. Comply; resist C. Resist; comply D. Commit; comply

D. commit; comply