OB Test 4: Chapter 16
What is contraindicated with HIV/AIDS?
breastfeeding
How can HIV/AIDS be transported to the baby?
can pass the infection to her unborn child during pregnancy or childbirth or while breast-feeding.
What two things are used to determine fetal well being?
fetal activity count and nonstress test (NST)
_______ _________ is critical for the pregnant woman with any classification of diabetes.
fetal surveillance
Glucose levels are determined by
finger stick measurements and measuring glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Care also includes diet therapy and ongoing fetal surveillance
Care for the woman with pregestational diabetes includes
glycemia control to prevent or minimize fetal consequences from hyperglycemia.
Because iron supplements may predispose the woman to constipation, what teaching should be reinforced?
importance of adequate hydration, exercising regularly, and consuming plenty of fiber in her diet.
Nursing considerations for the pregnant woman with a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
include informing the woman about her risk for additional infections and need for protection, risk for fetal complications from the infection, and her treatment plan.
Nursing care for the woman who is a victim of intimate parter violence (IPV)
includes screening of all pregnant women to identify victims of IPV. Interventions are directed towards safety assessment and planning.
condition in which a woman enters pregnancy with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
pregestational diabetes
Special concerns for the pregnant adolescent include
prenatal care, screening for domestic violence, anemia, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia-eclampsia.
What can chlamydia increase the risk of?
preterm labor
The main goal of treatment for the pregnant woman with heart disease
prevention and early detection of cardiac decompensation.
What is the best treatment for TORCH infections?
prevention of infection because many of the TORCH infections don't have effective treatment
a severe asthma attack that doesn't respond to treatment (such as bronchodilators), leads to hypoxemia (low O2 levels in the blood), hypercapnia (increased CO2 levels in the blood) and can lead to respiratory failure.
status asthmaticus
an emergency complication of epilepsy whereby seizure activity continues for 5-30 minutes or more or when three or more seizures occur without full recovery between seizures.
status epilepticus
Can the fetus contract HPV through contact with the vaginal secretions during birth?
Yes
What is done to observe for macrosomia?
monitoring fetal growth
Nursing interventions for the pregnant woman with diabetes include (4)
monitoring the therapeutic regimen and screening for maternal and fetal injury risk, the woman's risk for infection, and fetal macrosomia.
Gonorrhea increases the risk of (3)
(1) PID (2) early pregnancy loss (3) preterm labor
Interventions for avoiding a sickle cell crisis (3)
(1) maintaining adequate hydration (2) avoiding infection and stress (3) getting adequate rest
Nursing interventions for a pregnant woman with heart disease (4)
(1) monitoring activity levels (2) managing stress (3) diet modification (4) medication therapy
Phases of cycle of violence
1. Tension building phase 2. Explosion phase 3. Honeymoon phase
What is used to determine fetal lung maturity in the third trimester and may help determine the optimum time for delivery?
Amniocentesis
What medications treat gonorrhea?
Antibiotics
What does HPV do to the body?
Causes genital warts
What do the warts (HPV) do during pregnancy?
The warts have a tendency to increase in size during pregnancy and can lead to heavy bleeding during delivery.
a type of diabetes mellitus (DM) that is unique to pregnancy but in many respects mimics type 2 DM.
Gestational diabetes
What can a woman take before and throughout pregnancy to help prevent neural tube defects?
High dose folic acid supplements
What is prescribed to keep viral loads down during pregnancy with HIV/AIDS?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
What medication is given to treat trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole given orally is the treatment of choice.
What are iron supplements taken with to increase absorption?
Orange juice/Vitamin C
The _________ of the woman with type 1 DM does not produce insulin, so she must receive insulin.
Pancreas
What is the goal of treatment for the woman with sickle cell anemia?
Preventing a crisis
TORCH infections
T - toxoplasmosis O - other (syphilis, hepatitis B, varicella, herpes zoster) R - rubella C - cytomegalovirus H - herpes
What supplementation during the last few weeks of pregnancy helps to prevent neonatal hemorrhage?
Vitamin K supplementation
an area on the body surface supplied by a particular sensory nerve.
dermatome
The three major classifications of diabetes in the pregnant woman
diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
What is the cornerstone of therapy for GDM?
diet therapy
normal blood glucose levels
euglycemia
elevated blood glucose levels
hyperglycemia
increased insulin levels
hyperinsulinemia
blood glucose levels lower than normal
hypoglycemia
a condition that is diagnosed if the birth weight exceeds 4,500g (9.9) or the birth weight is greater than the 90th percentile for gestational age.
macrosomnia
excess levels of amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
Key intervention for IPV victims
safety plan
What can a woman use to get insulin? (2)
self inject insulin or insulin pump
What can TORCH infections lead to?
serious fetal anomalies and other complications
