Org. Behavior Chapter 6, Combined Sets

external locus of control

feel that things happen to them because of other people, luck, or a powerful being. Internals feel greater control over their own lives and therefore they act in ways that will increase their chances of success. while being high in external locus is related to a higher rate of depression.

Job satisfaction across the United States has gone up, according to a national survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management. The top three facets of satisfaction include

feeling safe at work, having god relationships with coworkers, and having a good relationship with an immediate supervisor

To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could: set specific, measurable goals. give feedback and coach the employee. link rewards to desired outcomes. get to know what rewards his/her employees value. explain to the worker why he/she should trust the organization.

give feedback and coach the employee

Which of the following is NOT an outcome likely to result from positive emotions?

loss of focus

A company whose employees have high engagement is likely to have ________ compared to a company with low employee engagement.

lower turnover

Joe creates advertising slogans for an advertising firm. He works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what he is entitled to receive in return for what he provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Joe's beliefs.

psychological

Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor? Recognition Company policies Supervision Working conditions Salary

recognition

Terminal values

refer to end states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace

___ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates and peers.

360-degree feedback

The manager of the Conquest Casino notices that the security employees at the casino are treating customers impersonally. He sets a goal that they should make better eye contact and treat customers in a friendlier manner. This is a _______ goal. A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Procedural

A. Behavioral

The type of goal most relevant for knowledge work is: A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Reinforcement

A. Behavioral

What kind of goals can be used in most jobs? A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Reinforcement

A. Behavioral

_________ is removing consequences from an undesirable behavior. A. Extinction B. Punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Respondent behavior E. Operant behavior

A. Extinction

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level of all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast

A. Halo

Forming an overall impression about a person or object and then having that impression bias ratings about that person or object is known as the ________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

A. Halo

In the organizing framework A. Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes B. Inputs lead directly to outcomes C. Outcomes never affect inputs D. Outcomes never affect processes E. Inputs are unrelated to processes

A. Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes

A head chef of a restaurant always encouraged his subordinates to be creative in the culinary art. He did not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. He allowed them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implied that the head chef established _________ goals. A. Learning B. Procedural C. Performance D. Equity E. Project

A. Learning

Federico loves to spend his free time helping coach a youth soccer team. He not only volunteers his time, but also actively fundraises to support the team with equipment and uniforms. This reflects the ____ value in Schwart's model A. Universalism B. Self-direction C. Benevolence D. Security E. Stimulation

C. Benevolence

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

C. Central tendency

Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

C. Central tendency

The idea that a manager should do what the situation requires is captured by the term: A. Integrative framework B. Interactional perspective C. Contingency approach D. Performance management E. Performance appraisal

C. Contingency approach

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect. A. Positive B. Negative C. Continuous D. Intermittent E. Variable

C. Continuous

Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management? A. Measuring performance B. Verifying progress C. Deciding how to measure performance D. Verifying achievement of goals E. Tracking performance

C. Deciding how to measure performance

To minimize central tendency bias, a manager should: A. Record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year B. Be fair and realistic in evaluations C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points D. Evaluate employees against a predetermined standard E. Provide only negative feedback

C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points

The first step in effective performance management is: A. Providing consequences B. Reviewing performance C. Defining performance D. Evaluating performance E. Monitoring performance

C. Defining performance

Information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation is known as: A. Coaching B. Instruction C. Feedback D. Monitoring E. Measurement

C. Feedback

1. The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having confidence is: a. hope. b. efficacy. c. effectiveness. d. health. e. resilience.

b. efficacy.

Based on the contingency approach, to define performance ___ goals can be used in most jobs

behavioral

There are two key situational characteristics that affect perception: the ___ of the interaction, and the culture and race___ between perceivers

context; consistency

Employees with skills to perform a pre-defined job that are quite valuable to a company, but not particularly unique or difficult to replace. Alliance Partners, Strategic Knowledge Workers, Supporting Labor and Core Employees describe

core employees

Which of the following statements is true of the administrative linkage level between the human resource management function and the strategic management function?

In this level, the human resource management department is completely divorced from any component of the strategic management process.

Deep-level characteristics of diversity

Include attitudes, opinions and values

Pat is applying for anew job. Which of the following will help her online "image"?

Include information on her volunteer activities

___ is(are) when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior that is carried out through third parties.

Indirect blindness

Alexa quit her job because she felt it was boring. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ___ level problem

Individual

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders. Which of the following is not an example of CWB?

Reporting unethical behavior poor financial results at the quarterly meeting

Which of the following statements about organizational socialization is false?

Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover.

Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two preteenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting:

Resilience

What kind of a response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory, but not ideal, solution?

Resolving

Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called organizational citizenship behavior. ___ is an example of OCB.

Respecting the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules

Sandra has a new assignment. she is confident that she can successfully complete the task. This is an example of

Self-efficacy

Trevor is an overachiever. This brother calls him ambitious and power hunger. Trevor exemplifies the ___ dimension.

Self-enhancement

___ is your general belief about your own self-worth

Self-esteem

A follower is a person who:

Serves as a passive audience

Person factors and ___ are the two broad categories of OB concepts and theories.

Situation Factors

Problem solving and critical thinking are ___ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options.

Soft skills

Halim hires a new employee who best meets the characteristics he is looking for in the ideal employee. He is

Solving the Problem

Which of the following is NOT a group maintenance role?

Someone who clarifies pertinent values

In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for:

Specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound

Values

Stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them. They are established by accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable.

On the first day of class, Professor Simmons explains what the goals of the course are and what he expects of his students. This represents ___ of effective performance management.

Step 1, Defining Performance

A(n) ___is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.

Stereotype

Social Perception

Stereotypes, self fulfilling prophecy and selective perception

John hasn't started working on his term paper. He wants to do well in the course, but he's struggling with how to identify a solid topic and start an outline. Most of the other students appear to be moving ahead. John is procrastination because he is

Stressed

Gerry, one of your subordinates, seems to care so much about being liked that he rarely states strong opinions in meetings of your department. Based on this, Gerry probably has a

Strong need for affiliation

Saying, "You've got to pay your dues" is another way to promote the status quo. This is an example of the ___ option that organizations can use to address any type of diversity issue.

Suppress

___ characteristics are quickly apparent to interactants

Surface-level

Ellen has worked on a project to market a new medication from beginning to end- advertising, packaging, etc. The design program wins and award. Ellen's ___ is high.

Task identity

___ is one element that allows employees to balance their work lives and family lives.

Telecommuting

Self Effacement Bias

Tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light

Self Perception Bias

Tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.

Alliance Partners, Strategic Knowledge Workers, Supporting Labor and Core Employees describe

The four contract relationships of the Human Capital Architecture

The idea of perceived organizational support (POS) is that if treated well, employees are motivated by:

The norm of reciprocity.

GW, Inc., makes high-quality whizzers according to specifications provided by customers which requires controlled processes and precise measurements. GW needs to maintain high efficiency. This industry is mature and few innovations occur. For GW, Inc. stability is more important than flexibility. Which of the organizational cultures is best suited for GW, Inc.?

hierarchy culture

Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, these extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction are called: affiliation factors. hygiene factors. wellness factors. motivators. achievement factors.

hygiene factors

1. The exchange of information between a sender and a receiver, and the inference of meaning between the individuals involved, is known as: a. feedback. b. communication. c. encoding. d. decoding. e. channeling.

b. communication.

1. Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to ____. a. increase his efficiency b. decrease his inputs c. increase his outcomes d. increase his inputs e. decrease his outcomes

b. decrease his inputs

1. Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, these extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction are called: a. motivators. b. hygiene factors. c. affiliation factors. d. wellness factors. e. achievement factors.

b. hygiene factors.

1. CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is: a. missing quotas. b. learning a new skill. c. frequently absent from work. d. performing far above expectations for his or her job. e. feeling entitled to receiving a reward.

b. learning a new skill.

1. One of the inputs of positive OB is: a. amplification. b. mindfulness. c. flourishing. d. buffering. e. positive deviance.

b. mindfulness.

1. A theory that attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation is known as a: a. content theory of motivation. b. process theory of motivation. c. extrinsic theory of motivation. d. intrinsic theory of motivation. e. integrated theory of motivation.

b. process theory of motivation.

How an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome is called: a value. a valence. an expectancy. an expectation. instrumentality.

instrumentality

Proactivity has been shown to be related to all of the following except

intelligence

______ refers to the amount of effort that we invest in an activity.

intensity

Which of the following is used by an organization to identify its strengths and weaknesses?

internal analysis

People with ________ see themselves as masters of their own fate.

internal locus of control

Self-Efficacy

is a belief that one can perform a specific task successfully. Research shows that the belief that we can do something is a good predictor of whether we can actually do it. Self-efficacy is different from other personality traits in that it is job specific. You may have high self-efficacy in being successful academically, but low self-efficacy in relation to your ability to fix your car. . By showing that you believe they can be successful and effectively playing the role of a cheerleader, you may be able to increase self-efficacy. Giving people opportunities to test their skills so that they can see what they are capable of doing (or empowering them) is also a good way of increasing self-efficacy.

Self-Esteem

is the degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about oneself. People with high self-esteem view themselves in a positive light, are confident, and respect themselves. On the other hand, people with low self-esteem experience high levels of self-doubt and question their self-worth. High self-esteem is related to higher levels of satisfaction with one's job and higher levels of performance on the job as well as higher levels of creativity at work. [58] People with low self-esteem are attracted to situations in which they will be relatively invisible, such as large companies.

Agreeableness

is the degree to which a person is affable, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm. In other words, people who are high in agreeableness are likeable people and get along with others.

Openness

is the degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas People high in openness seem to thrive in situations that require being flexible and learning new things.

1. Which of the following is not a part of effective performance management? a. Reviewing performance b. Monitoring performance c. Providing consequences d. Defining performance e. All of these are parts of effective performance management

e. All of these are parts of effective performance management

Extraversion

is the degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys socializing Interacting with others and being social energizes extraverts, whereas similar levels of stimulation and interactions may be viewed as draining to someone who is an introvert.

________ are the phases of organizational socialization.

Anticipatory, encounter, and change and acquisition

The type of goals that is best for jobs that are dynamic but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined is: A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Learning E. Reinforcement

C. Task

Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________. A. The organization; coworkers B. The organization; the environment C. The environment; oneself D. The environment; society E. Oneself; the organization

C. The environment; oneself

The most effective schedules of reinforcement are: A. Continuous B. Fixed interval and fixed ratio C. Variable ratio and variable interval D. Fixed interval and variable interval E. Fixed ratio and variable ratio

C. Variable ratio and variable interval

Affirmative action plans

Can negatively affect women and minorities

___ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior

Causal Attributions

Which of the following is not a best practice for becoming more productive?

Check social media every two hours

Tonya believes that cell phone use—even in public places like trains and restaurants—is acceptable because it helps people manage their busy lives. Tonya's belief reflects the ________ component of her attitude.

Cognitive

___ is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.

Cognitive Dissonance

Which of the following is not one of the predominant models of the causes of job satisfaction?

Cognitive dissonance

The ________ framework provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture.

Competing values

Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, is concerned that he was not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asks his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passes out student evaluation forms. Dr. Davis is:

Conducting a 360 degree feedback process

___ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance.

Conscientiousness

Samuel values his tradition and conformity. Not surprisingly, family time is very important to him. His employer, Stillman & Songs, expects him to work on holidays. Stillman & Sons and Sauel do not share the values of

Conservation

"What are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This question reflects which theories of motivation?

Content

"what are the different needs that activate motivation's direction, intensity, and persistence?" This statement reflects which theories of motivation

Content

The two general categories of motivation theories are:

Content and process

________ is the idea that a manager should do what the situation requires.

Contingency approach

When a manager evaluates employees against a predetermined standard, he or she is minimizing _______ bias.

Contrast

When a manager evaluates employees against a predetermined standard, he or she is minimizing _______ bias.

Contrast effect

Morgan, who has been a salesperson for six months, receives a review that she feels is unfair. Her manager just completed Samuel's review yesterday. Samuel has been a top salesperson for four years. It's likely that her manager has committed a _______ perceptual error.

Contrast effects

The team is generating a lot of ideas on how to approach the management case study problem. Everyone seems to have a plan. Joe stands up and says, "I will make a list on the board of all of our ideas." Joe is acting as:

Coordinator

________ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability.

Core self-evaluation

People's with high ___ see themselves as capable and effective

Core self-evaluations

___ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability

Core-self evaluation

People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate

Curiosity and broad-mindedness

In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for: A. Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound B. Specific, measurable, aligned, results-oriented, time-bound C. Sequential, measurable, aligned, results-oriented, time-bound D. Specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound E. Sequential, measurable, attainable, realistic, time-bound

D. Specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound

Philip got a mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This instance is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement. A. Continuous B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio D. Fixed interval E. Variable interval

E. Variable interval

The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having self-confidence is:

Efficacy

Betty plans on applying Herzberg's theory to motivate employees. As such, the first step should be to

Eliminate sources of dissatisfaction

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Emotional Intelligence

___ is the ability to monitor one's own and other's feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.

Emotional Intelligence

___ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target

Emotions

________ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target.

Emotions

___ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles.

Employee engagement

Which of the following is NOT an element of Positive Organizational Behavior?

Employees are self-absorbed and anxious

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would an onboarding program be provided?

Encounter

Which of the following is not a task role?

Encourager

Terminal Values

End states people desire in life, such as leading a prosperous life and a world at peace

Maria focuses on community volunteerism, while Anna focuses on getting a promotion at work. ___ are represented by Maria's and Anna's focuses.

Endpoints of one of the dimensions of values

Meghan is a member of a group that raises money for a homeless shelter. She feels that the group spends too much time arguing the merits of different fundraisers and needs to make a decision. She calls for a vote at today's meeting. Meghan has taken on the role of:

EnergizeR

Which of the following agencies is responsible for enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Peter offers his manager some suggestions for a new holiday display. His manager shrugs his shoulders and tells Peter that the display is all set. Then Sarah approaches the manager with an idea for the display, and the manager tells her that its a great idea. ___ theory is the model of motivation that explains how peter is striving for fairness and justice.

Equity

The idea underlying the ____ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work

Equity

Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups. Management is following the ___ model.

Equity

________ values are the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization.

Espoused

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for

Esteem

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for:

Esteem

___ highlight the fact that choosing among available options is not always a choice between right and wrong.

Ethical dilemmas

Rachel gets her midterm grades and finds that she has a 2.4 in OB. She expected a better grade point average to date. Rachel is ___ her performance.

Evaluating

People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are likely to score high on

Extraversion

Mary will receive a promotion and a raise if she completes a difficult assignment. This is an example of:

Extrinsic motivation

Alana looks at the clouds and sees flowers. Her brother, Sammy, looks at the same clouds and sees jellyfish. Alana and Sammy have different

Perceptions

Matt completed his assignments on time as his teacher had said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before time. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time? A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Respondent behavior D. Unlearned reflexes E. Intermittent reinforcement

A. Positive reinforcement

The process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing is known as: A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Extinction D. Punishment E. Respondent behavior

A. Positive reinforcement

To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should: A. Record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year B. Be fair and realistic in evaluations C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points D. Evaluate employees against a predetermined standard E. Provide only negative feedback

A. Record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year

Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of __________. A. Respondent behavior B. A learned reaction C. Behavioral contingency D. Operant behavior E. Law of effect

A. Respondent behavior

The steps of implementing a goal-setting program are, in order: A. Set the goal, promote goal commitment, provide support and feedback, and create action plan B. Set the goal, provide support and feedback, promote goal commitment, and create the action plan C. Set the goal, provide support and feedback, create an action plan, and promote goal achievement D. Set the goal, create the action plan, promote goal commitment, and provide support and feedback E. Set the goal, create the action plan, provide support and feedback, and promote goal commitment

A. Set the goal, promote goal commitment, provide support and feedback, and create action plan

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, instituted a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers were paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable on the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers had increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected? A. The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior B. Employees viewed the $1.00 incentive as an entitlement C. The delay was too long between the performance and the reward D. The organization placed too much emphasis on monetary rewards E. The reward lacked an "appreciation effect"

A. The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior

faking,

As a result, the rankings of the candidates who take the test may be affected by their ability to fake desired qualities. Some experts believe that this is a serious problem. In fact, it is estimated that 20-50% of all job applicants give fake responses in personality tests.It is even possible that the ability to fake is related to a personality trait that increases success at work, such as self monitoring. This issue raises potential questions regarding whether personality tests are the most effective way of measuring candidate personality. Scores are not only distorted because of some candidates faking better than others. Therefore, using self-report measures of performance may not be the best way of measuring someone's personality, whereas asking our former colleagues or supervisors may reveal more accurate answers.

___ is based on a simple premise: Rightly or wrongly, people infer causes for their own and others' behavior.

Attribution theory

Which of the following is not a layer of diversity

Attributional

Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, was concerned that his classes were not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asked his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes this term, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passed out forms to his students at the end of the term, asking the same. He was __________. A. Providing positive reinforcement for himself B. Conducting a 360 degree feedback process C. Developing an action plan D. Creating a contrast effect E. Conducting research

B. Conducting a 360 degree feedback process

Kelley hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing A. External and internal factors and perceptions B. Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency C. Effort, consistency, and ability D. Implicit and explicit factors E. Stereotypes and implicit cognition

B. Consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency

Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules. A. Continuous B. Fixed interval and fixed ratio C. Variable ratio and variable interval D. Fixed interval and variable interval E. Fixed ratio and variable interval

B. Fixed interval and fixed ratio

Which of the following is not a type of appropriate measure of goal achievement? A. Timeliness B. Lack of interpersonal conflict C. Quantity D. Quality E. Financial measures

B. Lack of interpersonal conflict

CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is: A. Missing quotas B. Learning a new skill C. Frequently absent from work D. Performing far above expectations for his or her job E. Feeling entitled to receiving a reward

B. Learning a new skill

Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

B. Leniency

Melissa's manager set a goal that she should be able to produce 16 widgets per hour. This is a(n) ________ goal. A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Procedural

B. Objective

The general criteria used for distributing rewards are: A. Extrinsic and intrinsic B. Results, behaviors and actions, and nonperformance considerations C. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction D. Attraction, motivation, and retention E. Financial and nonfinancial

B. Results, behaviors and actions, and nonperformance considerations

The generation described as workaholic, idealistic, competitive, and materialistic is

Baby Boomers

________ goals are most relevant for knowledge work.

Behavior

___ goals are most relevant for knowledge work.

Behavioral

Which of the following is not a tip for increasing goal commitment and success? A. Reward yourself for progress, not just for ultimate goal achievement B. Break large goals down into sub-goals C. Keep your goals to yourself D. Write goals down E. List the benefits of achieving the goal

C. Keep your goals to yourself

The popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments is: A. Pay for rewards B. Pay for play C. Pay for performance D. Pay for incentives E. Pay as you go

C. Pay for performance

Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal. A. Learning B. Procedural C. Performance D. Equity E. Project

C. Performance

The set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations is known as: A. Performance appraisal B. Performance review C. Performance management D. Goal setting E. Coaching

C. Performance management

Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior? A. Positive reinforcement and extinction B. Positive reinforcement and punishment C. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement D. Extinction and punishment E. Extinction and negative reinforcement

C. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Barney was late to work one morning, so he drove over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he got pulled over by a police officer and received a ticket. This scenario is an instance of __________. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Punishment D. Extinction E. Shaping

C. Punishment

Janell is having an argument with her father. He believes that focusing on her computer knowledge (hard skills) is the most important of janell's college experience. Janell disagrees, arguing that ____ is/are the more critical and will help her in the hiring process. A. Problem solving B. Self-awareness C. Soft skills D. An ethical perspective E. Business knowledge

C. Soft skills

A process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers is called: A. Performance monitoring B. Performance appraisal C. Goal monitoring D. 360-degree feedback E. Self-assessment

D. 360-degree feedback

In the leniency perceptual error, a person: A. Forms an overall impression, and then uses that impression to bias ratings B. Avoids all extreme judgments and rates everyone as average or neutral C. Evaluates people by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people D. Consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion E. Relies on most recent information

D. Consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion

To minimize contrast effects bias, a manager should: A. Record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year B. Be fair and realistic in evaluations C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points D. Evaluate employees against a predetermined standard E. Provide only negative feedback

D. Evaluate employees against a predetermined standard

Allen used to make suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance could be improved. Although his boss always said they were great ideas, they were never acted upon. Allen then stopped making suggestions. This is an example of: A. Punishment B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive reinforcement D. Extinction E. The law of effect

D. Extinction

Polly worked as a bartender. A few people used to wave money at her so that she would serve them first. She found this to be rude and, hence, either ignored them or always served them last. People came to realize that she served only the people who waited politely, and much of the rude behavior stopped. Polly used the model of __________. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Variable ratio reinforcement D. Extinction E. Shaping

D. Extinction

Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior? A. Negative reinforcement and extinction B. Negative reinforcement and punishment C. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement D. Extinction and punishment E. Extinction and negative reinforcement

D. Extinction and punishment

Jake made a mistake on the manufacturing line, and it ended up costing the company a significant contract. When asked why this had occurred, he blamed the line manager for poor quality checking. Jake is expressing

External locus of control

Josh used to run into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. One morning, he left his home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again the next morning, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. Which of the following processes did Josh engage in? A. Positive reinforcement B. Extinction C. Punishment D. Negative reinforcement E. Intermittent reinforcement

D. Negative reinforcement

Alfredo set a goal of completing the literature review portion of his research paper by Sunday night. This is a ________ goal. A. Behavioral B. Knowledge C. Equity D. Project E. Procedural

D. Project

Unlearned reflexes are: A. Operant behavior B. Consequential behavior C. Reward behavior D. Respondent behavior E. Contingent behavior

D. Respondent behavior

Instrumental Value

Deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct, such as being honest and ethical and being ambitious

Distinctiveness

Does this person behave the same way across different situations

Which of the following is not a part of effective performance management? A. Reviewing performance B. Monitoring performance C. Providing consequences D. Defining performance E. All of the above are parts of effective performance management

E. All of the above are parts of effective performance management

_______ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance A. Extraversion B. Emotional stability C. Proactivity D. Agreeableness E. Conscientiousness

E. Conscientiousness

Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule. A. Fixed reward B. Variable ratio C. Fixed interval D. Variable interval E. Continuous

E. Continuous

Dr. Hogan carefully selected the final examinations written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

E. Contrast effects

Evaluating people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of other recently observed people or objects is known as the ________ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

E. Contrast effects

The process of comparing performance at some point in time to a previously established expectation or goal is called: A. Monitoring B. Measuring C. Giving feedback D. Coaching E. Evaluating

E. Evaluating

Francois endures constant criticism at his job because of where he is from. His ability to endure the crisiticism is due to ________ intelligence A. Musical B. Naturalist C. Linguistic D. Interpersonal E. Intrapersonal

E. Intrapersonal

Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7% of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can use the bonus money as a down payment on a new car for herself. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation? A. It comes from a sense of competence. B. It comes from a sense of progress. C. It is a consequence of job redesign. D. It is intrinsically motivated. E. It is extrinsically motivated.

E. It is extrinsically motivated.

The two basic types of goals are: A. Learning and behavioral B. Behavioral and performance C. Performance and objective D. Project and objective E. Performance and learning

E. Performance and learning

The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having self-confidence is

Efficacy

Ethics is primarily concerned with

Right and Wrong

The process by which a firm attempts to identify job applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that will help the firm achieve its goals is known as ________.

Selection

Other Personality Traits Pt. 2

Self Monitoring refers to the extent to which a person is capable of monitoring his or her actions and appearance in social situations.

___ is knowing who you are and what you want

Self-awareness

___ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being.

Self-determination

_________ theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being.

Self-determination

1. Allen used to make suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance could be improved. Although his boss always said they were great ideas, they were never acted upon. Allen then stopped making suggestions. This is an example of: a. punishment. b. negative reinforcement. c. positive reinforcement. d. extinction. e. the law of effect.

d. extinction.

Personality

encompasses the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has. . Our personality differentiates us from other people, and understanding someone's personality gives us clues about how that person is likely to act and feel in a variety of situations. . Having this knowledge is also useful for placing people in jobs and organizations. Personality traits are not stable, change with experiences throughout life. Is our behavior in organizations dependent on our personality? Yes and no. While we will discuss the effects of personality for employee behavior, you must remember that the relationships we describe are modest correlations. For example, having a sociable and outgoing personality may encourage people to seek friends and prefer social situations. This does not mean that their personality will immediately affect their work behavior.

Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true? Specific goals lead to higher performance Goal achievement leads to job satisfaction Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable ("stretch" goals) Goals increase persistence Goals direct attention

goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable

________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.

group froles and norsm

0 out of 10 points Claire takes on the role of ______; she tends to mediate conflict through humor.

harmonizer

Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris perceives an equitable relationship because Pat: works less than Chris. takes longer breaks. has more education and experience. works as hard as Chris. needs the money more than Chris.

has more education and experience

Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a

negative inequity

Carl's team is evaluation his effectiveness as a leader. Which of the following behaviors does not reflect and effective leader?

not letting other group members make any decisions

The ______ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals.

orienter

Our self-efficacy is an example of a factor that influences: our valences. our outcomes. our perceptions of instrumentality. our expectancies. our values.

our expectancies

In showing class-action ________ lawsuits, the plaintiffs show some statistical disparities between the composition of some group within the company compared to some other relevant group.

pattern and practice

The two basic types of goals are

performance and learning

____________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.

personality

Proactive Personality

refers to a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo, and use initiative to solve problems. Instead of waiting to be told what to do, proactive people take action to initiate meaningful change and remove the obstacles they face along the way. In general, having a proactive personality has a number of advantages for these people. For example, they tend to be more successful in their job searches. [52] Proactive employees are also more successful over the course of their careers, because they use initiative and acquire greater understanding of the politics within the organization. Proactive people are eager to learn and engage in many developmental activities to improve their skills

A low instrumentality means that: the person is not motivated. the person is highly motivated. the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job. the person does not believe putting forth effort will result in gaining a reward. the person does not value the outcomes.

the person does not believe putting forth effort will result in gaining a reward

An expectancy of zero means that: the person does not value the outcomes. the person is highly motivated. the person does not trust the company. the person is not motivated. the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job.

the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job

Naturalist intelligence is

the potential to live in harmony with one's environment

In McClelland's acquired needs theory,

we learn needs as we live our lives

Tom seems to want to control others and often manipulates people for his own gratification. He exhibits the need for:

Personal power

Nora wants to be a buyer for marstons stores. She knows that they are looking for outgoing social people. She purposely tries to present herself as an extravert on the personality test that she takes even though she is shy and retiring. What is the likely result of this? A. Nora might get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role B. Nora will not get the job. It is impossible to "fake" your personality on a test C. Nora will get the job. The test is simply pro forma and no one looks at the results D. The test will show that Nora is unstable E. The test will flag Nora as someone who is not truthful and should not be hired by the company

A. Nora might not get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role

Behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences is known as: A. Operant behavior B. Consequential behavior C. Reward behavior D. Respondent behavior E. Contingent behavior

A. Operant behavior

When Eileen sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is: A. Operant behavior B. Consequential behavior C. Reward behavior D. Respondent behavior E. Contingent behavior

A. Operant behavior

When monitoring performance, a manager should pay attention: A. To both progress toward goal achievement and the ultimate level of goal achievement B. Only to progress toward goal achievement C. Only to ultimate goal achievement D. Primarily to subordinates' reactions to the goal E. Primarily to the "bottom line"

A. To both progress toward goal achievement and the ultimate level of goal achievement

Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions?

Accomplishment

The components of attitudes include

Affective, cognitive, and behavioral

___ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past

Affirmative Action

Which one of the following is not a difference between affirmative action and diversity management?

Affirmative action only refers to mandatory programs.

The "law of effect" states that: A. Whatever can go wrong, will go wrong B. Behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated C. People are motivated by punishment D. Garbage in, garbage out E. Leadership affects how people perform

B. Behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated

Emily is part of a team working on a project. Veronica's role on this is to update and present status reports to management. Emily knows that Veronica's reports do not show the delays that have occurred, but she doesn't say anything because she does not want upper management more involved. Which of the following is emily exhibiting? A. Ill-conceived goals B. Motivated blindness C. Indirect blindness D. The slippery slope E. Overvaluing outcomes

B. Motivated blindness

The sales department of a mutual fund firm set goals for the next fiscal year to sell a certain number of mutual funds each month. The firm only set targets and not anything about how they will meet this target. These goals are ________ goals. A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Procedural

B. Objective

What kind of goals is best for jobs with clear and readily measured outcomes? A. Behavioral B. Objective C. Task D. Project E. Reinforcement

B. Objective

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and A. Community involvement B. Organizational citizenship behaviors C. Genetic components D. Withdrawal cognitions E. Personal motivation

B. Organizational citizenship behaviors

Which of the following is not something a manager should do when giving feedback? A. Provide feedback as soon as possible B. Provide feedback about an aspect of a job that is beyond the individual's control C. Be honest D. Keep feedback relevant by relating it to existing goals E. Provide specific, descriptive feedback

B. Provide feedback about an aspect of a job that is beyond the individual's control

Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class? A. She has a high need for power. B. She is intrinsically motivated. C. She has a high need for affiliation. D. She is not serious about her career. E. She sees the potential that a degree in religion studies can help her advance in her job.

B. She is intrinsically motivated.

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the ___ component of her attitude.

Behavioral

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the ________ component of her attitude.

Behavioral

The existence of implicit cognition leads people to make ___ decisions without realizing they are doing so.

Biased

Len is the top swimmer on his school's team. Star athletes are likely to be high in ___ intelligence

Bodily-kinesthetic

According to research, the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is best summarized by which of the following statements?

Both variables indirectly influence each other

___ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.

Personality

Dr. Beswick enjoys teaching college courses. He likes the salary he receives as well as the ability to travel in summers. However, he also finds the job challenging and enjoyable. This would imply that he is working for: A. Intrinsic rewards B. Extrinsic rewards C. Alternative rewards D. Total rewards E. Justice

D. Total rewards

Dr. Beswick was writing questions for a test, but found herself listening to reggae music coming from an adjoining office, and thinking about her upcoming trip to the Caribbean. She is experiencing:

Deficit

Person- Job Fit

Degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities and other characteristics match the job demands

________ occurs when a facially neutral employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities.

Disparate impact

Peter Quill (aka Star Lord) and Rocket (aka 89P13) both applied for a job as a trainee pilot with NovaCorps. Despite both having similar profiles, Peter was hired but Rocket was not, and NovaCorps continued to look for other pilots. In this case, Rocket was a possible victim of

Disparate treatment

Jonathan decides that rather than hire an employee to replace someone who left, he will eliminate the position. Jonathan is

Dissolving the problem

Consistency

Does this person behave the same way in different occasions in the same situation

Consensus

Does this person behave the same way?

Which of the following statements is true of the strategic implementation stage of the strategic management process?

During this stage, an organization follows through on a strategy chosen in the strategy formulation stage

Negative reinforcement is: A. Strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing B. Weakening a behavior by ignoring it C. Weakening a behavior through contingently presenting something displeasing D. Weakening behavior by contingently withdrawing something positive E. Strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing

E. Strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing

Lenore has a fight with her best friend, Samantha, and doesn't want to speak to her. She unfriends her on social media. By doing this, Lenore is using ___, thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.

Extinction

Expectancy theory is a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness

False

___ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation.

Feedback

Phil is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to all the group members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Phil feels unsure about his exact role within the group. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Phil's group currently in?

Forming

A person in the ______ role will encourage all group members to participate.

Gatekeeper

The term___ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.

Glass ceiling

Three months ago, XYZ Corporation changed the way the typing pool is organized from a self-managed team to a more traditional structure in which employees receive their assignments from a direct supervisor. Since then, three of the seven employees have left the organization. ___ is the OB perspective applied here

Group

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error.

Halo

A(n) ________ culture develops reliable internal processes, extensive measurement, and a variety of control mechanisms.

Hierarchy

The acronyym HERO shows people with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display:

Hope, efficacy, resilience, optimism

Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, ________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction

Hygiene Factors

Of the approaches to job design, ___ is the most recently evolved and attempts to merge earlier perspectives.

I-deals

___ are goals and incentives set to promote a desired behavior, but instead encourage a negative one.

Ill-conceived goals

___ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluation, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance Management

In the Organizing Framework,

Inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes.

___ is how an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome

Instrumentality

_______________ are the key links between _____________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior.

Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

"Different people may perceive similar situations in different ways and similar people may perceive different situations in the same way." This represents the ___ perspective.

Interactional

___ intelligence is the potential to understand and regulate oneself.

Intrapersonal

________ intelligence is the potential to understand and regulate oneself.

Intrapersonal

Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by a local artist. She is most likely experiencing:

Intrest

___ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.

Intrinsic motivation

Which of the following statements is true of the SWOT analysis?

It gives the strategic planning team of an organization all the information it needs to generate a number of strategic alternatives.

Which of the following is true of one-way linkage?

It precludes the company from considering human resource issues while formulating the strategic plan

The two basic types of goals are:

Performance and Learning

False Consensus Error

We overestimate how similar we are to others

___ is defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work.

Job crafting

Which of the following is not a tip for increasing goal commitment and success?

Keep your goals to yourslef

Which of the following is not an appropriate measure of goal achievement?

Lack of interpersonal conflict

Vivek and Warren are working on an assignment for their marketing class. Warren finished his part of the assignment; Vivek doesn't. Vivek apologizes because he took an extra shift at work and didn't give the assignment for the priority it needed. He promises Warren he will stay home tonight and finish his work. what personality characteristic does this show?

Locus of Control

___ intelligence will be most closely related to a performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test.

Logical-mathematical

Marcy left a large Fortune 500 company to go to a small start-up technology firm. Earlier in her career, Marcy wanted a high salary and corporate position, but now she wants something different. She wants to be part of something that will grow and she enjoys the flexibility a small firm offers. In addition, she is involved in decision making, so she almost feels like it's her own company. These differing needs represent steps in

Maslow's need hierarchy

___ states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially

Maslow's need hierarchy theory

Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his:

Mindfullness

Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his:

Mindfulness

While waiting to board an airplane, Mario had his earbuds on, listening to music while reading a text message. He missed his boarding group and could not find space to stow his luggage. Mario was being:

Mindless

Which of the following statements is true?

Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another because its in our interest to remain ignorant

___ is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.

Motivation

___ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

Needs

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting ________ is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB

Sales quotas and piecework are best measured using _______ goals.

Objective

Which of the following agencies or institutions is responsible for enforcing the executive orders that cover companies doing business with the federal government?

Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs

Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc. This is her first day. Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company's mission statement and policies, go over her job description, and learn about the technology systems in use. This type of experience is an ___ program.

Onboarding

________ is associated with entrepreneurialism.

Openness to experience

Personality Big Five Traits

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism

Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________.

Organization;indivdual

Recently, the Acme Explosives Company was sold to a new owner, Roadrunner Inc. The operations of the two organizations re going to be merged, with several of the manufacturing locations possibly to be eliminated. ___ is the most likely OB perspective to apply.

Organizational

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

____________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:

Organizational climate

___ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.

Organizational commitment

________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

Organizational culture

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true?

Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture.

The ______ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals.

Orienter

___ is when we give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good.

Overvaluing Outcomes

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her ___ is most likely to be negative.

POS (Perceived Organizational Support)

___ is the popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments

Pay for performance

Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal

Performance

___, with which you can build goodwill, include personality, teamwork and leadership.

Personal Attributes

Personality Testing in Employee Selection

Personality is a potentially important predictor of work behavior. Matching people to jobs matters, because when people do not fit with their jobs or the company, they are more likely to leave, costing companies as much as a person's annual salary to replace them. One method some companies use to improve this match and detect the people who are potentially good job candidates is personality testing. A key consideration in this debate is the knowledge that how a personality test is used influences its validity. Another problem with personality tests is the uncertain relationship between performance and personality. Research has shown that personality is not a particularly strong indicator of how a person will perform at work. According to one estimate, personality only explains about 10-15% of variation in job performance. In any case, if you decide to use personality tests for selection, you need to be aware of their limitations. Relying only on personality tests for selection of an employee is a bad idea, but if they are used together with other tests such as tests of cognitive abilities, better decisions may be made. the company should ensure that the test fits the job and actually predicts performance. This process is called validating the test.

As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and the kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet?

Phycological

Mari has been out of work for eight months and is worried about providing for her family. She takes a job at a fast-food restaurant, even though the position is a step down from her previous job. According to Maslow's theory, Mari is motivated by ____ needs.

Physiological

In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, ___ is the lowest level and ___ is the highest level

Physiological; self- actualization

Prosocial behaviors are:

Positive acts performed without expecting anything in return

Other Personality Traits

Positive affective people experience positive moods more frequently. Negative affective people look at the glass as half empty and experience anxiety and nervousness.

An aid group is trying to help a village in a remote area with a high rate of malnutrition among children. Most families have children with symptoms of malnutrition but a few families have perfectly healthy children. The aid group investigates and discovers that the healthy families are not particularly wealthy, they just have a different diet from locally available foods that most people don't eat. The aid group decides to develop a program to teach everyone how to cook and eat the foods the healthy families are eating. This is an example of finding and taking advantage of:

Positive devience

A(n) ___ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change.

Proactive Person

Other Personality Traits Pt. 3

Proactive personality refers to a person's inclination to fix what is perceived as wrong, change the status quo and use initiative to solve problems.

___ is associated with entrepreneurialism.

Proactivity

_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Professional management

Claire works for Content Consultants. she telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

Psychological Contract

Marion, a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance diary for each of there employees. This mechanism can ___ performance appraisals.

Reduce Bias in

Person-Organization Fit

Refers to the degree to which a person's values, personality, goals and other characteristics match those of the organization

________ is a positive set of assumptions about people at work. Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory Acquired needs theory Theory X Self-determination theory Theory Y

theory y

Which of the following statements is true of two-way linkages?

The strategic planning function and the human resource management function are interdependent.

According to ___, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks")

Theory X

Prosocial behaviors are: According to _________, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks").

Theory X

At Cornet Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ___ behaviors.

Theory Y

Which of the following states that it is illegal for an employer to refuse to hire an individual or otherwise discriminate against this individual with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Brenda has two exams and a research paper scheduled within the next 10 days. She creates a study plan in which she studies an hour a day for each exam and devotes an addition 90 minutes to her research paper. On Tuesday and Wednesday, Brenda is invited to go out with her friends. Instead, she stays at home and sticks with her study plan because she knows this will help her learn more effectively.

True

Collecting performance information from multiple sources helps a person being evaluated to get a broad view of his or her performance.

True

In equity theory, you compare your outputs and inputs to those of another person

True

Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process theories.

True

Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect

True

The acquired needs identified y McClelland include the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and he need for esteem.

True

The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and making employee-related decisions.

True

Individual differences around the globe

When we refer to a country's culture we are referring to values that distinguish on nation from another.

Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is

Withdrawal Cognitions

The manager of the Conquest Casino notices that the security employees at the casino are treating customers impersonally. He sets a goal that they should make better eye contact and treat customers in a friendlier manner. This is a(n) _______ goal.

`Behavior

1. Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation? a. Acquired needs b. Equity c. Justice d. Expectancy e. Goal-setting

a. Acquired needs

1. Which of the following statements about the use of e-mail is false? a. It hinders effective teamwork b. It can contribute to information overload c. It can distract people from their work responsibilities d. It increases employees' flexibility e. It reduces cost of distributing information

a. It hinders effective teamwork

1. Of the following, which is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of procedural justice? a. Job performance b. Absenteeism c. Stress d. Health problems e. Mental health

a. Job performance

1. Compassion is: a. a shared value that drives people to help others who are suffering. b. a shared belief in showing restraint and control. c. a shared belief in self-control, humility, and prudence. d. the same as virtuousness. e. a shared value in the importance of resolving conflict multilaterally.

a. a shared value that drives people to help others who are suffering.

1. Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate: a. defensiveness. b. immediacy. c. liking. d. happiness. e. boredom.

a. defensiveness.

1. An individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance is called a(an): a. expectancy. b. expectation. c. instrumentality. d. valence. e. value.

a. expectancy.

1. The first step in the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations is: a. frame your story. b. plan your delivery. c. select your medium. d. develop your stage presence. e. control your stress.

a. frame your story.

1. Forming an overall impression about a person or object and then having that impression bias ratings about that person or object is known as the ________ perceptual error. a. halo b. leniency c. central tendency d. recency e. contrast effects

a. halo

1. People who want to control others and often manipulate people for their own gratification are described as: a. high in personal power. b. high in institutional power. c. high in need for affiliation. d. high in need for achievement. e. high in Theory X.

a. high in personal power.

1. The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of persevering toward goals is: a. hope. b. efficacy. c. optimism. d. health. e. resilience.

a. hope.

1. A head chef of a restaurant always encouraged his subordinates to be creative in the culinary art. He did not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. He allowed them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implied that the head chef established _________ goals. a. learning b. procedural c. performance d. equity e. project

a. learning

1. In the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations, TED stands for: a. Technology, Education, Delivery. b. Technology, Education, Design. c. Teaching, Education, Development. d. Technique, Effort, Delivery. e. Technique, Education, Development.

b. Technology, Education, Design.

1. In regard to differences in how men and women communicate, in general: a. males are expected to hide their emotions. b. males are expected to communicate less aggressively. c. females focus less on rapport. d. females give less confirmation and support. e. differences between males and females are insignificant.

a. males are expected to hide their emotions.

1. The steps of implementing a goal-setting program are, in order: a. set the goal, promote goal commitment, provide support and feedback, and create action plan. b. set the goal, provide support and feedback, promote goal commitment, and create the action plan. c. set the goal, provide support and feedback, create an action plan, and promote goal achievement. d. set the goal, create the action plan, promote goal commitment, and provide support and feedback. e. set the goal, create the action plan, provide support and feedback, and promote goal commitment.

a. set the goal, promote goal commitment, provide support and feedback, and create action plan.

1. A low valence means that: a. the person does not value the outcomes. b. the person does not trust the company. c. the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job. d. the person is not motivated. e. the person is highly motivated.

a. the person does not value the outcomes.

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors ________; attitudes relate to behavior ________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) __________ effect.

amplifying

I will perceive negative inequity when: another's total rewards are greater than rewards I receive. another's ratio of outputs to inputs is equal to my ratio of my outputs to my inputs. another's total input is less than my total input. another's ratio of outputs to inputs exceeds my ratio of my outputs to my inputs. another's ratio of outputs to inputs is less than my ratio of my outputs to my inputs.

another's ratio of outputs to inputs exceeds my ratio of my outputs to inputs

Negative emotions:

are limiting`

1. The age group that is most likely to utilize social media is: a. 13-18. b. 19-29. c. 30-49. d. 50-64. e. 65+.

b. 19-29.

1. _________ happens when our minds are racing or wandering, resulting in compulsive daydreaming or fantasizing. a. Mindlessness b. Attentional hyperactivity c. Positive deviance d. PsyCap e. Negative emotion

b. Attentional hyperactivity

1. Brian has a Master's degree in electrical engineering and brings 10 years of experience to his current job. He is known for putting in long hours of hard work on his job. He receives a salary of $75,000, medical and dental coverage, and two weeks of paid vacation every year. From Brian's perspective, which of the following is an input in the individual-organization exchange relationship? a. His salary of $75,000 b. His Master's degree in electrical engineering c. Medical coverage d. Dental coverage e. Two weeks of paid vacation

b. His Master's degree in electrical engineering

1. What kind of goals is best for jobs with clear and readily measured outcomes? a. Behavioral b. Objective c. Task d. Project e. Reinforcement

b. Objective

internal locus of control

believe that they control their own destiny and what happens to them is their own doing, In fact, one study showed that having internal locus of control at the age of 10 was related to a number of health outcomes, such as lower obesity and lower blood pressure later in life. It is possible that internals take more responsibility for their health and adopt healthier habits,while externals may see less of a connection between how they live and their health

1. Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation? a. A negative performance review b. Ending a relationship c. Conveying routine feedback d. Confronting a teammate who is frequently late to meetings e. Critiquing a colleague's report

c. Conveying routine feedback

1. __________ occurs when receivers receive a message. a. Feedback b. Encoding c. Decoding d. Understanding e. Noise

c. Decoding

1. In order to foster employee positivity, employers should do all but one of the following. Which one? a. Allow employees to make decisions. b. Share information with employees. c. Give employees only positive feedback. d. Make the well-being of employees a priority. e. Discourage uncivil behavior.

c. Give employees only positive feedback.

1. _______ involves putting more variety into a worker's job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty. a. Job rotation b. Job enrichment c. Job enlargement d. Scientific management e. Vertical loading

c. Job enlargement

1. Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false? a. Mindfulness pertains to our inner world of thinking and feeling. b. Mindfulness pertains to our outer worlds of other people and events. c. Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander. d. Mindfulness is about concentrating or focusing. e. Mindfulness represents how much we are aware and attentive to what is going on around us.

c. Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.

1. In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, a. Hygiene factors come from the job itself. b. Motivators come from the work context. c. Satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors. d. Satisfaction comes from hygiene factors, and dissatisfaction comes from motivating factors. e. Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are opposites.

c. Satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors.

1. Which of the following is not a form of social support? a. Providing information that a person is accepted and respected b. Providing financial aid, material resources, or needed services c. Spending time discussing your own vision for yourself d. Spending time with others in leisure and recreational activities e. Providing help in defining, understanding, and coping with problems

c. Spending time discussing your own vision for yourself

1. Brian has a Master's degree in electrical engineering and brings 10 years of experience to his current job. He is known for putting in long hours of hard work on his job. He receives a salary of $75,000, medical and dental coverage, and two weeks paid vacation per year. From Brian's perspective, which of the following is an output of the individual-organization exchange relationship? a. Long hours of work b. High levels of effort c. Two weeks paid vacation d. His Master's degree in electrical engineering e. Ten years of prior experience

c. Two weeks paid vacation

1. ***Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) __________ effect. a. positivity b. buffering c. amplifying d. mindful e. attentional

c. amplifying

1. The idea that a manager should do what the situation requires is captured by the term: a. integrative framework. b. interactional perspective. c. contingency approach. d. performance management. e. performance appraisal.

c. contingency approach.

1. The first step in effective performance management is: a. providing consequences. b. reviewing performance. c. defining performance. d. evaluating performance. e. monitoring performance.

c. defining performance.

1. Expectancy theory contains three elements; they are: a. expectancy, instrumentality, values. b. expectancy, institution, values. c. expectancy, instrumentality, valence. d. expectancy, institution, variance. e. expectancy, instrumentality, variance.

c. expectancy, instrumentality, valence.

1. How an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome is called: a. an expectancy. b. an expectation. c. instrumentality. d. a valence. e. a value.

c. instrumentality.

1. Touching another person communicates: a. defensiveness. b. immediacy. c. liking. d. happiness. e. boredom.

c. liking.

1. The _______ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting. a. buffering b. attentional c. positivity d. amplifying e. deviant

c. positivity

1. The type of goals that is best for jobs that are dynamic but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined is: a. behavioral. b. objective. c. task. d. learning. e. reinforcement.

c. task.

1. Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________. a. the organization; coworkers b. the organization; the environment c. the environment; oneself d. the environment; society e. oneself; the organization

c. the environment; oneself

1. Which of the following is not one of the suggestions coming out of the TED protocol? a. you should never read your presentation. b. the most important element of stage presence is eye contact. c. use the latest technology available to appear to be up to date. d. prepare far enough in advance. e. conduct a practice session.

c. use the latest technology available to appear to be up to date.

1. The most effective schedules of reinforcement are: a. continuous. b. Fixed interval and fixed ratio. c. variable ratio and variable interval. d. fixed interval and variable interval. e. fixed ratio and variable ratio.

c. variable ratio and variable interval.

In the ________ phase of organizational socialization, employees master important tasks and roles and adjust to their work group's values and norms.

change and acquisition

The basic premise behind strategy implementation is that

choice of organizational processes and structural forms makes an economic difference.

In the leniency perceptual error, a person

consistently evaluated people in an extremely positive fashion

Eleanor wants to be sure that the final team project in a senior capstone course is of top quality. Jerome, another team member, just wants to get it done quickly. Using Azjen's model, what can Eleanor do to try and encourage Jerome to work hard?

create a positive attitude

Managers should attempt to raise subordinates' self-efficacy by all of the following except

creating routine jobs that are boring but easy to perform

People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate

curiosity and broad-mindedness

1. Which of the following is not an outcome likely to result from positive emotions? a. Stronger social relationships b. Lower stress c. Psychological well-being d. More conformity to others' opinions e. Fewer colds

d. More conformity to others' opinions

1. ________ is anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message. a. Feedback b. Decoding c. Encoding d. Noise e. Media richness

d. Noise

1. Successful performance that dramatically exceeds the norm in a positive direction is known as: a. organizational citizenship behavior. b. organizational commitment. c. social deviance. d. positive deviance. e. positive amplification.

d. positive deviance.

1. Unlearned reflexes are: a. operant behavior. b. consequential behavior. c. reward behavior. d. respondent behavior. e. contingent behavior.

d. respondent behavior.

Instrumental values

deal with views on acceptable modes of conduct, such as being honest and ethical, and being ambitious.

Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to ____. increase his inputs decrease his outcomes increase his outcomes increase his efficiency decrease his inputs

decrease his inputs

Motivation refers to the psychological processes that underlie: extrinsic and intrinsic factors. power, achievement, and affiliation. content and process. satisfaction and dissatisfaction. direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior or thought.

direction, intensity and persistence of behavior or thought

Under ________, intent is irrelevant.

disparate impact

Professor Jones learns that faculty members in another college with the same degree, years of teaching experience, and publication record are making significantly more money than he is. He considers this unfair. Which aspect of justice is he reacting to? Organizational Interactional Institutional Distributive Procedural

distributive

2. The age group that is least likely to utilize social media is: a. 13-18. b. 19-29. c. 30-49. d. 50-64. e. 65+.

e. 65+.

1. Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions? a. We should try to eliminate all our negative emotions. b. We should have one negative emotion for each positive emotion we experience. c. Our brains actually look more for positive information over negative during daily activity. d. Positive experiences activate a survival orientation. e. Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.

e. Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.

1. Which of the following statements about linguistic style is not true? a. It is a set of culturally learned signals b. It affects how we communicate what we mean c. It involves interpreting others' meaning d. It is useful for understanding differences between men and women e. It is not useful for understanding differences between generations

e. It is not useful for understanding differences between generations

1. Well-being is the combined impact of all but one of the following. Which one? a. Engagement b. Relationships c. Achievement d. Meaning e. Productivity

e. Productivity

1. Which of the following is not a factor in media richness? a. How fast it provides feedback b. How many visual and audio cues it provides c. Whether the communication is personal or impersonal d. Language source e. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

e. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

1. Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule. a. fixed reward b. variable ratio c. fixed interval d. variable interval e. continuous

e. continuous

1. Evaluating people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of other recently observed people or objects is known as the ________ perceptual error. a. halo b. leniency c. central tendency d. recency e. contrast effects

e. contrast effects

1. According to expectancy theory, a person's motivation will be highest when: a. expectancy is high, but instrumentality is low. b. instrumentality is high, but valence is low. c. valence is high, but expectancy is low. d. expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all moderate. e. expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all high.

e. expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all high.

1. A state of reduced attention, expressed in behavior that is rigid, is called: a. mindfulness. b. attention deficit. c. attention delinquency. d. positive deviance. e. mindlessness.

e. mindlessness.

Perception is the process that

enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

During the strategic implementation stage of the strategic management process, an organization

ensures that it has skilled employees in place

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

equity

The model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice is: maslow's needs hierarchy theory. value theory. procedural theory. expectancy theory. equity theory.

equity theory

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for: esteem. safety. physiological. self-actualization. love.

esteem

The need for self-confidence and strength is part of the need for: esteem. self-actualization. love. safety. physiological.

esteem

Rachel gets her midterm grades and finds that she has a 2.4 in OB. She expected a better grade point average to date. Rachel is _________ her performance.

evaluating

Ken recently completed his MBA degree. He has received two job offers. Which of the following theories is most useful in predicting the choice that Ken will make? Behavior modification theory Goal setting theory Equity theory Expectancy theory Cognitive dissonance theory

expectancy theory

__________ holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes. Goal-setting theory Expectation theory Self-fulfilling prophecy theory Equity theory Expectancy theory

expectancy theory

Expectancy theory contains three elements; they are: expectancy, instrumentality, values. expectancy, institution, values. expectancy, instrumentality, valence. expectancy, instrumentality, variance. expectancy, institution, variance.

expectancy, instrumentality, valence

According to expectancy theory, a person's motivation will be highest when: expectancy is high, but instrumentality is low. expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all high. instrumentality is high, but valence is low. expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all moderate. valence is high, but expectancy is low.

expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all high

negative affective people

experience negative moods with greater frequency Negative affective people focus on the "glass half empty" and experience more anxiety and nervousness. When a team comprises mostly negative affective people, there tend to be fewer instances of helping and cooperation. T

Positive affective people

experience positive moods more frequently, Positive affective people tend to be happier at work, [42] and their happiness spreads to the rest of the work environment. . Teams dominated by positive affective people experience lower levels of absenteeism. [43] When people with a lot of power are also high in positive affectivity, the work environment is affected in a positive manner and can lead to greater levels of cooperation and finding mutually agreeable solutions to problems.

Organizations with adhocracy cultures are described as

externally focused and valuing flexibility

Organizations with market cultures are described as

externally focused and valuing stability and control

By ___, a person can develop self-awareness

knowing his or her own strengths and limits

After 6 weeks in a culinary arts program, Diana continues to struggle to master even the most basic skills. She blames her mother, who could not even boil an egg, for her own lack of talent for cooking. Diana is likely to be experiencing all of the following EXCEPT:

low emotional intelligence

In the ________ culture, employees are encouraged to set difficult goals and strive to achieve them. Employee performance is closely monitored and often directly rewarded or punished.

market

The theory of motivation that states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially is: herzberg's motivator-hygiene. extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. acquired needs. maslow's need hierarchy. theory X and Theory Y.

maslow's need hierarchy

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of

met expectiations

Reyna is meeting with her supervisor to discuss a project. Someone knocks on the door and walks in, saying, "I have a quick question." The supervisor keeps looking at Reyna and puts her hand up to stop the person who interrupted them. This behavior reflects:

mindfulness

Job enrichment is based on the ___ theory of job satisfaction.

motivator-hygiene

As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet? Esteem Physiological Love Self-actualization Safety

physiological

After a series of train incidents, NS&Q offered employee bonuses based on safety for the first quarter of this year. This is an example of

positive reinforcement

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except

proactivity

The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called ___ justice

procedural

The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called: institutional justice. procedural justice. interpersonal justice. distributive justice. interactional justice.

procedural justice

Values

refer to stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them Values are established throughout one's life as a result of the accumulating life experiences and tend to be relatively stable. Value attainment is one reason why people stay in a company, and when an organization does not help them attain their values, they are more likely to decide to leave if they are dissatisfied with the job itself. [3] The values a person holds will affect his or her employment.

Neuroticism .

refers to the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody. people very high in neuroticism experience a number of problems at work. Most of their problems are due to difficulties in handling stress. Neurotic people have a tendency to experience a lot of anger when they are confronted with daily hassles of their work, including time pressure or red tape, and they are more inclined to respond to their daily stress by drinking after hours.

Conscientiousness

refers to the degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable Conscientiousness is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be across a variety of occupations and jobs.

Self-Monitoring

refers to the extent to which a person is capable of altering his or her actions and appearance in social situations. In other words, people who are self-monitors are social chameleons who understand what the situation demands and act accordingly, while low self-monitors tend to act the way they feel

Groups transform individuals into functioning organizational members communicating and enforcing ______ expectations.

role

Which of the following is not a motivating factor? Responsibility Recognition Salary Advancement Stimulating work

salary

In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, Satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors. Job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are opposites. Satisfaction comes from hygiene factors, and dissatisfaction comes from motivating factors. Hygiene factors come from the job itself. Motivators come from the work context.

satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors

Which of the following is an individual function of a group?

satisfy the person's need for affiliation

During ________, the strategic planning groups decide on a strategic direction by defining the company's mission and goals, its external opportunities and threats, and its internal strengths and weaknesses.

strategy formulation

TNT, Inc. manufacturers desktops and laptops. TNT has decided to enhance revenues by expanding its product line to the tablet market and has identified ACME, Inc. as a potential competitor. TNT Inc. is currently in the ________ stage of the strategic management process.

strategy implementation

Negative reinforcement is

strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing

Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their project is best measured against ______ goals

task

Javier asked Maria for general advice on homework. Then he asked her to let him see specific problems. Now he wants to copy her assignment, claiming he has no time and the content is too difficult. This is an example of

the Slippery Slope

The contingency approach suggests that

the best answer depends on the situation

Extrinsic rewards come from ___ and intrinsic rewards come from ___

the environment; oneself

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?

the orgnanizationl

A low valence means that: the person is not motivated. the person is highly motivated. the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job. the person does not trust the company. the person does not value the outcomes.

the person does not value the outcomes

Interactional justice is defined as the perceived fairness of

the quality of interpersonal treatment received

Perceptions of equity are based on comparing: my total output to another's total input. my total input to another's total output. my total output to another's total output. the ratio of my output to my input, compared to another's total output to input. my total input to another's total input.

the ratio of my output to my input, compared to another's total output to input

Nita is the office manager at a service station. Two applicants, Max and Tim, arrive to interview for the open mechanic's position. Max'a clothes are dirty, his hair is unwashed, and he doesn't make eye contact when he gives Nita his name. Tim dresses in clean jeans and a nice shirt, is shaved, and shakes Nita's hand when he introduces himself. After the interview, Keith the head mechanic, asks Nita what she thought. Both men have the skill set needed for the position. Nita recommends Tim. She is responding to her perception of

the target

The theory of motivation that focuses on two sharply contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature is: herzberg's motivator-hygiene. extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. theory X and Theory Y. acquired needs. maslow's need hierarchy.

theory x and theory y

Which of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track?

turnover

Which of the following is not a driver or cause of organizational culture?

work attitudes and behaviors