osteoclasts
Sprain
stretching or tearing of ligaments, pain, swelling, RICE
Long bone function and relevance to health
supports weight and facilitates movement Yellow bone marrow- stores fat- makes bone cartilage Red bone marrow- makes red blood cells
flat bones
thin, flattened, and usually curved, protect internal organs, bones of the skull, ribs, sternum
Allows movement and anchorage of muscles
transmit the force of muscle contractions- when muscles contract your bones act as a lever. Types of bones involved is the long bone
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation
Irregular bones
vertebrae and facial bones, protects internal organs, spinal column (vertebrae), mandible (chin), sacrum, coccyx
ellipsoid joint
wrist and knuckles, similar to ball and socket but not rotation
stress fracture
a slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact. swelling or ache, pinpoint tenderness, pain that starts with activity and stops when in rest, REST, possible splint/cast
Gout
a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints usually in the big toes, diet change and increase water in take
gliding joint
allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles, carpals, tarsals, vertebrae, facet joint
structures of the rib cage
True ribs (1-7) False ribs (8-12) Floating ribs (11 & 12) sternum-xiphoid process
Appendicular skeleton
Upper Extremity: shoulder girdle-clavicle-scapula humerus-radius-ulna-carpals-metacarpals- phalanges Lower Extremity: Pelvic girdle- ilium- ischium-pubis femur-patella-tibia-fibula-calcaneus-tarsals-metatarsals-phalanges
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency that causes softening and weakening of bone, bowed legs or knocked knee, thickened wrists or ankles, breastbone projection
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. hereditary, causes deformities, pian, and inflammation around the joints. physical therapy, medication and possible surgery.
Synarthrosis
immovable joint, connected by fibrous tissue called sutures. example skull
sesamoid bones
round bones found near joints, embedded in tendons, patella, plantar surface of 1st metatarsal
____ bone: bone formed after birth in a tendon where it passes over a joint
sesamoid
_____ bone: provides support and stability with little to no movement.
short bone
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint. bones attached to another bone by cartilage. example: rib, cage, pubic symphysis, ellipsoid, saddle
pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis. NECK
Osteoporosis
A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. Low bone density, increase risk of fracture. exercise, vitamin and mineral supplements
spinal column
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5), Coccyx (4)
hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane, elbow and knee
axial skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column and hyoid bone.
hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis
Production of blood cells. Normally in the bone marrow. 1% of the body's cells must be replaced everyday. Starts with unspecialized cells-stem cells. Types of bones involved: red bone marrow
Protection of the skeletal system
Protects your internal organs and tissues. Bones involved are flat and irregular bones
greenstick fracture
bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children. pain, bruising, swelling, tenderness, deformity, cast or splint
Osteoblasts
bone forming cells
simple fracture
bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin. deformity, swelling, pain, trouble using limb, cast or splint
communited fracture
bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces, pain, swelling, deformity, surgery to remove and repair bone fragments may involve an external device
Long bones
bones that are longer than they are wide, support weight and facilitate movement, femur, humerus, ulna, tibia
compound fracture
break in the bone where the bone comes through the skin; open fracture. broken skin, pain, deformity. medical emergency, if not treated Surgery
structures of the vertebrae and spine
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
Long bone structures:
diaphysis (yellow bone marrow found here), epiphysis (red bone marrow found here), articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, medullary cavity, periosteum, endosteum
Dislocation
displacement of a bone from its joint. deformity, swelling, brace and rest
____ bone: protects while providing a broad surface for muscle attachment.
flat
Diarthrosis (synovial)
freely movable joint, ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, ellipsoid, saddle
structures of the skull
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, zygomatic arch
ball and socket joint
hip and shoulder joints, freely movable
Osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bone and joint. a result of aging and wear and tear on the body's joints. pain and inflammation around joints, medication
______ bone: complex formation with variances in shape and structure
irregular
osteoclasts
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
____ bones: support body weight and provides leverage for moving the body
long bone
Osteocytes
mature bone cells
Appendicular skeleton function and relevance to health
movement and support
Scoliosis spinal dismority
neuromuscular conditions or hereditary, S-shaped curve (left to right) in thoracic and/or lumbar spine, anywhere from no treatment to back brace to surgery
compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself usually in the spine. pain gets worse when you stand or walk, but has some relief when you sit- trouble bending or twisting of the body, decreased height. commonly seen in patients with osteoporosis- most will do well with and back brace, medications, and reduction in activity.
arthiritis
painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.
subluxation
partial dislocation of a joint
Lordosis spinal dismority
poor posture, congenital problem at birth, obesity, possible surgical cause, swayback and involves lumbar spine, medication weight loss and back brace
Kyphosis spinal dismority
poor posture, or birth defect, hunchback involves thoracic spine, back brace
structures of the rib cage and function and relevance to health
protect internal organs
structures of the skull and function and relevance to health
protect internal organs
structures of the vertebrae and spine and function and relevance to health
protect internal organs
axial skeleton function and relevance to health
protects internal organs hyoid bone-tongue attaches here, only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone, has been described as free-floating
short bones
provide stability, wrist (carpals), ankle (tarsals)
Support
provides a framework for muscle and tissue. Type of bones involved all bone types.
Mineral storage
reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Bones are made up of these minerals and the body will release them. Found in the inorganic matrix of bone which consists of 65% of bone.