osteoclasts

Sprain

stretching or tearing of ligaments, pain, swelling, RICE

Long bone function and relevance to health

supports weight and facilitates movement Yellow bone marrow- stores fat- makes bone cartilage Red bone marrow- makes red blood cells

flat bones

thin, flattened, and usually curved, protect internal organs, bones of the skull, ribs, sternum

Allows movement and anchorage of muscles

transmit the force of muscle contractions- when muscles contract your bones act as a lever. Types of bones involved is the long bone

saddle joint

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation

Irregular bones

vertebrae and facial bones, protects internal organs, spinal column (vertebrae), mandible (chin), sacrum, coccyx

ellipsoid joint

wrist and knuckles, similar to ball and socket but not rotation

stress fracture

a slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than single forceful impact. swelling or ache, pinpoint tenderness, pain that starts with activity and stops when in rest, REST, possible splint/cast

Gout

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints usually in the big toes, diet change and increase water in take

gliding joint

allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles, carpals, tarsals, vertebrae, facet joint

structures of the rib cage

True ribs (1-7) False ribs (8-12) Floating ribs (11 & 12) sternum-xiphoid process

Appendicular skeleton

Upper Extremity: shoulder girdle-clavicle-scapula humerus-radius-ulna-carpals-metacarpals- phalanges Lower Extremity: Pelvic girdle- ilium- ischium-pubis femur-patella-tibia-fibula-calcaneus-tarsals-metatarsals-phalanges

Rickets

Vitamin D deficiency that causes softening and weakening of bone, bowed legs or knocked knee, thickened wrists or ankles, breastbone projection

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. hereditary, causes deformities, pian, and inflammation around the joints. physical therapy, medication and possible surgery.

Synarthrosis

immovable joint, connected by fibrous tissue called sutures. example skull

sesamoid bones

round bones found near joints, embedded in tendons, patella, plantar surface of 1st metatarsal

____ bone: bone formed after birth in a tendon where it passes over a joint

sesamoid

_____ bone: provides support and stability with little to no movement.

short bone

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint. bones attached to another bone by cartilage. example: rib, cage, pubic symphysis, ellipsoid, saddle

pivot joint

rotating bone turns around an axis. NECK

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. Low bone density, increase risk of fracture. exercise, vitamin and mineral supplements

spinal column

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5), Coccyx (4)

hinge joint

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane, elbow and knee

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column and hyoid bone.

hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis

Production of blood cells. Normally in the bone marrow. 1% of the body's cells must be replaced everyday. Starts with unspecialized cells-stem cells. Types of bones involved: red bone marrow

Protection of the skeletal system

Protects your internal organs and tissues. Bones involved are flat and irregular bones

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children. pain, bruising, swelling, tenderness, deformity, cast or splint

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

simple fracture

bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin. deformity, swelling, pain, trouble using limb, cast or splint

communited fracture

bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces, pain, swelling, deformity, surgery to remove and repair bone fragments may involve an external device

Long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide, support weight and facilitate movement, femur, humerus, ulna, tibia

compound fracture

break in the bone where the bone comes through the skin; open fracture. broken skin, pain, deformity. medical emergency, if not treated Surgery

structures of the vertebrae and spine

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Long bone structures:

diaphysis (yellow bone marrow found here), epiphysis (red bone marrow found here), articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, medullary cavity, periosteum, endosteum

Dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint. deformity, swelling, brace and rest

____ bone: protects while providing a broad surface for muscle attachment.

flat

Diarthrosis (synovial)

freely movable joint, ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, ellipsoid, saddle

structures of the skull

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, zygomatic arch

ball and socket joint

hip and shoulder joints, freely movable

Osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint. a result of aging and wear and tear on the body's joints. pain and inflammation around joints, medication

______ bone: complex formation with variances in shape and structure

irregular

osteoclasts

large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix

____ bones: support body weight and provides leverage for moving the body

long bone

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Appendicular skeleton function and relevance to health

movement and support

Scoliosis spinal dismority

neuromuscular conditions or hereditary, S-shaped curve (left to right) in thoracic and/or lumbar spine, anywhere from no treatment to back brace to surgery

compression fracture

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself usually in the spine. pain gets worse when you stand or walk, but has some relief when you sit- trouble bending or twisting of the body, decreased height. commonly seen in patients with osteoporosis- most will do well with and back brace, medications, and reduction in activity.

arthiritis

painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

subluxation

partial dislocation of a joint

Lordosis spinal dismority

poor posture, congenital problem at birth, obesity, possible surgical cause, swayback and involves lumbar spine, medication weight loss and back brace

Kyphosis spinal dismority

poor posture, or birth defect, hunchback involves thoracic spine, back brace

structures of the rib cage and function and relevance to health

protect internal organs

structures of the skull and function and relevance to health

protect internal organs

structures of the vertebrae and spine and function and relevance to health

protect internal organs

axial skeleton function and relevance to health

protects internal organs hyoid bone-tongue attaches here, only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone, has been described as free-floating

short bones

provide stability, wrist (carpals), ankle (tarsals)

Support

provides a framework for muscle and tissue. Type of bones involved all bone types.

Mineral storage

reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Bones are made up of these minerals and the body will release them. Found in the inorganic matrix of bone which consists of 65% of bone.