Otitis media

supine

Teach parents not to feed infants in the _____ position to avoid otitis media.

mastoiditis

The treatment of this is to cut out the infected bone so the infection dose not reach the meninges of the brain.

acetominophen, ibuprofen

These analgesics help manage pain of acute otitis media and have the added benefit of reducing fever.

narcotic

These are used if pain from acute otitis media is severe.

pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)

These improve hearing in OME but do not prevent infection, which is evident by drainage, not pain.

influenza, pneumococcal

These two vaccines may reduce the risk of otitis media.

acute otitis media (AOM)

This can cause hearing loss and expressive speech delay.

watchful waiting

This can reduce the overuse of antibiotics by allowing viral Acute Otitis Media (AOM) to resolve spontaneously and returning if it does not improve in 48-72 hours or is severe illness occurs.

chronic otitis media

This damages the tympanic membrane, ossicle, and involves the mastoid.

upper respiratory infection

This frequently precedes acute otitis media (AOM) because pathogens travel up the nasopharynx and invade the inner ear.

conductive

This hearing loss makes the sound of one's own voice sound unusually loud and chewing becomes intensified.

group setting (day care)

This increases the risk of AOM by exposing the child to more viruses that cause URI.

acute otitis media

This is a common illness in children resulting from bacterial or viral infection of fluid in the middle ear.

benzocaine (Auralgan)

This is a numbing ear drop used to prevent severe, acute pain in otitis media; used in conjunction with analgesics due to short duration.

serous otitis media (SOM)

This is another name for otitis media with effusion.

ottorhea

This is discharge from the middle ear, a sign of AOM.

breastfeeding

This is encouraged for at least 6-12 months to reduce the risk of otitis media.

sensorineural

This is hearing loss when the hair cells of cochlea are damaged, may result from ottotoxicity.

conductive

This is hearing loss when transmission of sound through the middle ear is disrupted.

mastoiditis

This is infection of the mastoid bone, which can result if chronic otitis media infects the bone, which is one step away from the causing bacterial meningitis in the brain or abscess.

acute otitis media (AOM)

This is more common in Native American, Inuit, and Australian aborigne.

tympanosclerosis

This is scarring of the tympanic membrane, which usually has no effect on hearing.

tympanostomy

This is the insertion of ear tubes to keep the middle ear aerated for a prolonged period of time, and to prevent the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear in otitis media with effusion.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This is the presence of fluid in the middle ear without signs of infection, can occur after AOM or independently.

chronic otitis media

This is the result of recurrent otitis media.

pressure equalizing tube (PE tube)

This is the standard treatment of OME, they stay in place for at least several months and generally fall out on their own.

tympanoplasty

This is the surgical repair of the ear drum.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This is when fluid remains in the middle ear, sometimes for several months, after acute otitis media, resulting in fluid without symptoms of acute infection.

breastfeeding

This lowers the risk of otitis media because it transfers maternal antibodies.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This may be asymptomatic or may cause a popping sensation or fullness behind the ear drum.

adenoidectomy, tympanostomy

This may be used to treat chronic otitis media effusion.

perforation

This may result in decreased pain and yield drainage from the ear canal; most heal spontaneously and are completely benign

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This may take several months to resolve.

otitis media

This refers to inflammation of the inner ear.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This refers to inflammation of the middle ear with the presence of fluid, without signs and symptoms of acute otitis media.

acute otitis media (AOM)

This refers to the rapid onset of signs and symptoms associated with an inner ear infection.

otaligia

This term refers to ear pain.

myringotomy

This treatment of acute otitis media is the incision of the tympanic membrane; provides to provide almost immediate relief of pain.

tympanocentesis

This treatment of acute otitis media is the puncture of the tympanic membrane with a needle; may be done to relieve pain or obtain a specimen.

tympanometry

This use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for effusion in the middle ear, indicated by immobility.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

This usually resolves spontaneously but should be rechecked every 4 weeks.

acute otitis media (AOM)

Tympanocentesis and myringotomy are use in the treatment of what.

hearing

If otitis media with effusion persists, the primary concern is it's effect on _____, which can effect language development because it lasts months, when speech should be developing.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

If this persists longer than 3 months, it is considered chronic and the child should be referred for hearing check.

upright

If you bottle feed, do it in the _____ position.

acute otitis media (AOM)

In young children, signs of this may include (1) fussiness, (2) tugging at ears, (3) rolling head from side to side, (4) lethargy, and (5) sleep interruption.

ossiculoplasty

Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear for ostosclerosis.

bottle propping, pacifier use, passive smoking

Eliminate these three things to reduce the risk of infection.

viral

Acute otitis media (AOM) is most often caused by what type of pathogens?

dull, opaque, bulging, red

Acute otitis media is suggested by a tympanic membrane that is ____, ____, _____ or ____.

otitis media with effusion (OME)

Antihistamines, antibiotics, decongestants, and corticosteroids have NOT been proven to hasten the resolution of this and are not recommended.

horizontal

Bottle-fed infants have a higher risk of acute otitis media because they are held in a more _____ position, which facilitates reflux into the middle ear.

mastoid tenderness

Check for this to determine if the mastoid bone is infected.

3

Eustachian tube dysfunction, recurrent URI, and first AOM before __ months of age are risk factors for AOM.

passive smoking

Exposure to this is a major risk factor for acute otitis media (AOM).

otosclerosis

Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear, causing vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus.

conductive

Hearing loss that results from otitis media is usually _____.

quiet, bedrest, heat, cold, analgesic, antihistamine, decongestant

Nonsurgical interventions for otitis media include ... - providing a _____ environment - _____ with limited head movement - _____ and _____ applications - _____ administration, to reduce pain - _____ administration, to reduce allergies - _____ administration, to prevent cold symptoms

dull, opaque, white, gray, bluish

Otitis media with effusion (OME) may present as a tympanic membrane that is _____, _____, _____, _____, or _____.

acute otitis media (AOM)

Signs of this include (1) fever, (2) otalgia, (3) hearing loss.

eustachian tube, antigens

The increased susceptibility to acute otitis media (AOM) in infants and children may be explained by the short length and horizontal positioning of the _____ _____ and limited immune response to _____.

eustachian tube

The most important factor that contributes to otitis media is a dysfunction of the ____ ____ that allows reflux of fluid and bacteria into the middle ear from the nasopharynx.

antibiotic

Viral causes of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) usually resolve spontaneously, but bacterial causes may require an ______

otitis media with effusion (OME)

What are these interventions for? - turn off television - position within 3 feet when speaking - face child to speak - use visual cues - increase volume of your voice only slightly - speak clearly - request preferential classroom seating

acute otitis media (AOM)

What are these risks for? - crowding at home/large family - bottle feeding - adenoid hyperatrophy - premature birth - male gender - poor nutrition - craniofacial abnormalities such as cleft lip - allergies - family HX - low socioeconomic status

otoscope

When using this, look through when inserting to see anything that could potentially damage the ear.