Oxygenation Practice Test - Concept 5

Which type of chest configuration is typical of a client with COPD?

Barrel chest Explanation:

A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer used for asthma?

Cromolyn sodium Explanation:

Which is a late sign of hypoxia?

Cyanosis Explanation:

The perioperative nurse has admitted a patient who has just underwent a tonsillectomy. The nurse's postoperative assessment should prioritize which of the following potential complications of this surgery?

Hemorrhage Explanation:

A new nurse auscultates adventitious breath sounds but is not sure what to document and confers with an experienced nurse. This experienced nurse documents a pleural friction rub. Which of the following did the experienced nurse do during her assessment to identify the rub?

Instructed the client to hold the breath Explanation:

For a client who has a chest tube connected to a closed water-seal drainage system, the nurse should include which action in the care plan?

Measuring and documenting the drainage in the collection chamber Explanation:

A patient is receiving thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary emboli. What is the best way for the nurse to assess the patient's oxygenation status at the bedside?

Monitor pulse oximetry readings.

The nurse is reviewing first-line pharmacotherapy for smoking abstinence with a client diagnosed with COPD. The nurse correctly includes which medications? Select all that apply.

Nicotine gum Bupropion SR Explanation:

The nurse is explaining the safe and effective administration of nasal spray to a patient with seasonal allergies. What information is most important to include in this teaching?

Overuse of nasal spray may cause rebound congestion.

Which of the following is a noninvasive method of continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2)?

Pulse oximetry Explanation:

The nurse is teaching the client in respiratory distress ways to prolong exhalation to improve respiratory status. The nurse tells the client to

Purse the lips when exhaling air from the lungs. Explanation:

A nursing student understands that emphysema is directly related to which of the following?

Respiratory acidosis from airway obstruction Explanation:

The nurse caring for a patient recently diagnosed with lung disease encourages the patient not to smoke. What is the primary rationale behind this nursing action?

Smoking damages the ciliary cleansing mechanism. Explanation:

A client is being sent home with oxygen therapy. The nurse instructs that

Smoking or a flame is dangerous near oxygen. Explanation:

Perfusion refers to blood supply to the lungs, through which the lungs receive nutrients and oxygen. What are the two methods of perfusion?

The two methods of perfusion are the bronchial and pulmonary circulation. Explanation:

Stiffness of the neck or inability to bend the neck is referred to as

nuchal rigidity. Explanation:

Which breathing technique(s) will the nurse teach to the client who has hypoxemia and hypercarbia? Select all that apply.

pursed-lip breathing diaphragmatic breathing Explanation: Pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing are helpful for clients who have excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Deep breathing, incentive spirometry, and use of nasal strips does not eliminate as much carbon dioxide from the blood.

When interpreting the results of a Mantoux test, the nurse explains to the client that a reaction occurs when the intradermal injection site shows

redness and induration. Explanation:

The clinic nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with emphysema and who has just had a pulmonary function test (PFT) ordered. The patient asks, "What exactly is this test for?" What would be the nurse's best response?

"A PFT measures how much air moves in and out of your lungs when you breathe." Explanation:

A patient is having her tonsils removed. The patient asks the nurse what function the tonsils normally serve. Which of the following would be the most accurate response?

"The tonsils help to guard the body from invasion of organisms." Explanation:

The nurse at a long-term care facility is assessing each of the residents. Which resident most likely faces the greatest risk for aspiration?

A resident who suffered a severe stroke several weeks ago Explanation:

Constant bubbling in the water seal of a chest drainage system indicates which problem?

Air leak Explanation:

The nurse should advise the patient who has nasal packing for epistaxis that the packing can be left in place:

Anywhere from 2 to 6 days. Explanation:

The nurse is assessing a client who has a 35 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. In light of this known risk factor for lung cancer, what statement by the client should prompt the nurse to refer the client for further assessment?

"Lately, I have this cough that just never seems to go away." Explanation:

When performing endotracheal suctioning, the nurse applies suctioning while withdrawing and gently rotating the catheter 360 degrees for how long?

10-15 seconds Explanation:

A patient is being treated for a pulmonary embolism and the medical nurse is aware that the patient suffered an acute disturbance in pulmonary perfusion. This involved an alteration in what aspect of normal physiology?

Adequate flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation. Explanation:

A school nurse is caring for a 10-year-old girl who is having an asthma attack. What is the preferred intervention to alleviate this client's airflow obstruction?

Administer an inhaled beta-adrenergic agonist Explanation:

The public health nurse is administering Mantoux tests to children who are being registered for kindergarten in the community. How should the nurse administer this test?

Administer intradermal injections into the children's inner forearms. Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis who is admitted to the floor with an upper respiratory tract infection. The child has labored breathing and a congested, nonproductive cough. What is the immediate priority for the nurse?

Airway Explanation: The nurse's first priority is to assess the child's respiratory status and to maintain patency of the airway. Infection is present but not a priority. Nutrition and family coping are issues for the child but not priorities.

The nurse is planning the care for a client at risk of developing pulmonary embolism. What nursing interventions should be included in the care plan? Select all that apply.

Applying a sequential compression device Instructing the client to move the legs in a "pumping" exercise Encouraging a liberal fluid intake Using elastic stockings, especially when decreased mobility would promote venous stasis Explanation:

A perioperative nurse is caring for a postoperative patient. The patient has a shallow respiratory pattern and is reluctant to cough or to begin mobilizing. The nurse should address the patient's increased risk for what complication?

Atelectasis Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a client who complains about sleep apnea. Which of the following delivery devices should the nurse use to administer oxygen to this client?

CPAP mask Explanation: The nurse should use a CPAP mask for a client with complaints of sleep apnea. A CPAP mask maintains positive pressure within the airway throughout the respiratory cycle. Clients generally wear this type of mask at night to maintain oxygenation when they experience sleep apnea. A nasal catheter is a tube for delivering oxygen that is inserted through the nose into the posterior nasal pharynx. It is used for clients who tend to breathe through the mouth or experience claustrophobia when a mask covers their face. An oxygen tent is a clear plastic enclosure that provides cooled, humidified oxygen, which is used for active toddlers. Transtracheal oxygen is a hollow tube inserted within the trachea to deliver oxygen to clients who require long-term oxygen therapy.

A nurse caring for a client with deep vein thrombosis must be especially alert for complications such as pulmonary embolism. Which findings suggest pulmonary embolism?

Chest pain and dyspnea Explanation:

A nurse is documenting the results of assessment of a client with bronchiectasis. What would the nurse most likely include in documentation?

Clubbing of the fingers Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted with an exacerbation of chronic bronchiectasis. The nurse should expect to assess the patient for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Copious sputum production Explanation:

A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure that has not yet responded to treatment. What breath sound should the nurse expect to assess on auscultation?

Crackles Explanation:

While assessing a patient who has pneumonia, the nurse has the patient repeat the letter E while the nurses auscultates. The nurse notes that the patient's voice sounds are distorted and that the letter A is audible instead of the letter E. How should this finding be documented?

Egophony Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube connected to a three-chamber drainage system without suction. On the illustration below, identify which chamber the nurse will mark to record the current drainage level.

Explanation: A chest tube drains blood, fluid, and air from around the lungs. The drainage system, which the nurse measures each shift, is on the right. It has three calibrated chambers that show the amount of drainage collected. When the first chamber fills, drainage empties into the second; when the second chamber fills, drainage flows into the third. The water seal chamber is located in the center. The suction control chamber is on the left.

A sputum study has been ordered for a client who has developed coarse chest crackles and a fever. At what time should the nurse best collect the sample?

First thing in the morning Explanation:

A 22-year-old college student recently returned from a backpacking trip to Southeast Asia and has been experiencing increasing malaise over the past 2 weeks. Today, he is seeking care because he reports that he coughed up blood during a particularly heavy coughing fit this morning. The nurse would document the presence of:

Hemoptysis Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a patient whose recent unexplained weight loss and history of smoking have prompted diagnostic testing for cancer. What symptom is most closely associated with the early stages of laryngeal cancer?

Hoarseness Explanation:

A patient visiting the clinic is diagnosed with acute sinusitis. To promote sinus drainage, the nurse should instruct the patient to perform which of the following?

Increase fluid intake. Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been in a motor vehicle accident. The patient has been diagnosed with pleurisy. What is the preferred treatment for pain caused by pleurisy?

Indomethacin Explanation:

A student is assessing a postoperative client who has developed pneumonia. The plan of care includes positioning the client in the Fowler's or semi-Fowler's position. What is the rationale for this position?

It promotes full aeration of the lungs. Explanation: Pneumonia may occur in the postoperative client from aspiration, immobilization, depressed cough reflex, infection, increased secretions from anesthesia, or dehydration. Nursing interventions include positioning the client in the Fowler or semi-Fowler position to promote full aeration of the lungs. The positioning does not allow for nursing assessments of skin color and temperature as this can be achieved in the supine position. There is usually no pain associated with pneumonia so suggesting the client will be more comfortable is inappropriate. The blood flow of the heart is not impacted by the Fowler or semi-Fowler position but rather the sitting to standing position.

A nurse has performed tracheal suctioning on a patient who experienced increasing dyspnea prior to a procedure. When applying the nursing process, how can the nurse best evaluate the outcomes of this intervention?

Measure the patient's oxygen saturation. Explanation: The patient's response to suctioning is usually determined by performing chest auscultation and by measuring the patient's oxygen saturation. FET, incentive spirometry, and percussion are not normally used as evaluative techniques.

Which medication is the treatment of choice for bacterial pharyngitis?

Penicillin Explanation:

The nurse is assessing an adult patient following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse observes that the patient has an increased use of accessory muscles and is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The nurse should recognize the possibility of what condition?

Pneumothorax Explanation: If the pneumothorax is large and the lung collapses totally, acute respiratory distress occurs. The patient is anxious, has dyspnea and air hunger, has increased use of the accessory muscles, and may develop central cyanosis from severe hypoxemia. These symptoms are not definitive of pneumothorax, but because of the patient's recent trauma they are inconsistent with anxiety, bronchitis, or aspiration.

Which terms means an increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood?

Polycythemia Explanation:

The nurse assesses a patient for possible acute pharyngitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations are consistent with this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Red pharyngeal membranes Swollen lymphoid follicles White-purple exudates on the back of the throat Temperature > 100.4 F Explanation:

A nurse is creating a health promotion intervention focused on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What should the nurse identify as a complication of COPD?

Respiratory failure Explanation:

A 13-year-old soccer player presents to the emergency room with a fractured nose. The patient's mother is given which of the following post-discharge instructions? Select all that apply.

Restrict from sports activities for 6 weeks. Observe for any clear drainage from either nostril. Elevate the head of the bed for sleeping during the first week. Check for any unusual changes in breathing during the first 48 hours. Explanation:

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply.

Second-hand smoke Occupational dust Tobacco smoke Infection Air pollution Explanation:

A patient with emphysema is experiencing shortness of breath. To relieve this patient's symptoms, the nurse should assist her into what position?

Sitting upright, leaning forward slightly Explanation:

Which community-acquired pneumonia demonstrates the highest occurrence during summer and fall?

Streptococcal (pneumococcal) pneumonia Explanation:

A client involved in a motor vehicle crash suffered a blunt injury to the chest wall and was brought to the emergency department. The nurse assesses the client for which clinical manifestation that would indicate the presence of a pneumothorax?

Sucking sound at the site of injury Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been in a motor vehicle accident and the care team suspects that the patient has developed pleurisy. Which of the nurse's assessment findings would best corroborate this diagnosis?

The patient's pain intensifies when he coughs or takes a deep breath. Explanation:

A client presents to the ED experiencing symptoms of COPD exacerbation. The nurse understands that goals of therapy should be achieved to improve the client's condition. Which statements reflect therapy goals? Select all that apply.

Treat the underlying cause of the event. Return the client to their original functioning abilities. Provide medical support for the current exacerbation. Explanation:

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with COPD. When teaching the client about breathing exercises, what should the nurse include in the teaching?

Use diaphragmatic breathing Explanation: Inspiratory muscle training and breathing retraining may help improve breathing patterns in patients with COPD. Training in diaphragmatic breathing reduces the respiratory rate, increases alveolar ventilation, and, sometimes, helps expel as much air as possible during expiration. Pursed-lip breathing helps slow expiration, prevents collapse of small airways, and controls the rate and depth of respiration. Diaphragmatic breathing, not chest breathing, increases lung expansion. Supine positioning does not aid breathing.

After assessing a 6-year-old child, the nurse suspects that the child is experiencing respiratory distress due to swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding structures. Which assessment finding would help support the nurse's suspicion? Select all that apply.

Use of the tripod position Muffled voice Excessive drooling Explanation: Inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis and surrounding structures, epiglottitis, is common in children ages two to six years. The child will attempt to improve his/her airway by stretching the neck forward with the jaw up, in a "sniffing position" (tripod position). In addition, excessive drooling and a muffled voice will be noted. Wheezing would suggest asthma or bronchiolitis. Accessory muscle use would be more commonly associated with asthma.

Which of the following medications are classified as leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors)? Select all that apply.

Zileuton Montelukast Zafirlukast Explanation:

The nurse auscultates lung sounds that are harsh and cracking, sounding like two pieces of leather being rubbed together. The nurse would be correct in documenting this finding as

pleural friction rub Explanation:

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who had a laryngectomy. Which instruction should the nurse include in her teaching?

"Cover the stoma whenever you shower or bathe." Explanation:

A nurse has just completed teaching with a client who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which statement if made by the client would indicate to the nurse that further teaching and follow-up care is necessary?

"I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler." Explanation:

A student nurse is caring for a client who is severely anemic. The instructor asks the student how anemia affects the transport of oxygen to the cells. What would be the student's best answer?

"The cells are denied adequate oxygen because most of the oxygen in the body is transported by the hemoglobin in red blood cells." Explanation:

A patient presents to the ED stating she was in a boating accident about 3 hours ago. Now the patient has complaints of headache, fatigue, and the feeling that he "just can't breathe enough." The nurse notes that the patient is restless and tachycardic with an elevated blood pressure. This patient may be in the early stages of what respiratory problem?

Acute respiratory failure Explanation:

What is the most commonly prescribed treatment for the common cold?

Antihistamines Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. During assessment, the nurse finds that the patient is experiencing increased dyspnea. What assessment is the best indicator of the client's oxygenation status?

Arterial blood gasses (ABGs) Explanation:

A client on long-term mechanical ventilation becomes very frustrated when he tries to communicate. Which intervention should the nurse perform to assist the client?

Ask the client to write, use a picture board, or spell words with an alphabet board. Explanation: If the client uses an alternative method of communication, such as writing, using a picture board, or spelling words on an alphabet board, he'll feel more in control and be less frustrated. Assuring the client that everything will be all right offers false reassurance and telling him not to be upset minimizes his feelings. Neither of these methods helps the client to communicate. Family members are also likely to encounter difficulty interpreting the wishes of a client with an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube. Making them responsible for interpreting the client's gestures may frustrate them. The client may be weaned off a mechanical ventilator only when the physiologic parameters for weaning have been met.

Which of the following is the most common chronic disease of childhood?

Asthma Explanation:

While assessing an acutely ill patient's respiratory rate, the nurse assesses four normal breaths followed by an episode of apnea lasting 20 seconds. How should the nurse document this finding?

Biot's respiration Explanation:

The nurse is caring for an adolescent client injured in a snowboarding accident. The client has a head injury, a fractured right rib, and various abrasions and contusions. The client has a blood pressure of 142/88 mm Hg, pulse of 102 beats/minute, and respirations of 26 breaths/minute. Which laboratory test best provides data on a potential impairment in ventilation?

Blood gases Explanation:

Which vaccine should a nurse encourage a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to receive?

Influenza Explanation:

The nurse is assessing a newly admitted medical patient and notes there is a depression in the lower portion of the patient's sternum. This patient's health record should note the presence of what chest deformity?

A funnel chest Explanation:

The home care nurse is assessing the home environment of a client who will be discharged from the hospital shortly after his laryngectomy. The nurse should inform the client that he may need to arrange for the installation of which system in his home?

A humidification system Explanation:

It is a red air-quality day in the city. This means the air is stagnant, with high pollution levels and high humidity. Which client is most likely to experience shortness of breath?

Child with asthma Explanation: Air pollution and high humidity are respiratory irritants. Pollutants cause increased mucus production and contribute to bronchitis and asthma. While pollution is not good for any group of individuals it would be less of an impact on the person with hypertension or dermatitis.

A nurse is documenting the results of assessment of a patient with bronchiectasis. What would the nurse most likely include in documentation?

Clubbing of the fingers Explanation:

What client would be most in need of an endotracheal tube?

Comatose clients Explanation:

Which term refers to lung tissue that has become more solid in nature as a result of a collapse of alveoli or an infectious process?

Consolidation Explanation:

Which is the most important risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Cigarette smoking Explanation: Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoking are also risk factors for COPD. Although risk factors, neither occupational exposure nor air pollution is the most important risk factor for development of COPD. Genetic abnormalities are also a risk factor, but again, not the most important one.

The medical nurse who works on a pulmonology unit is aware that several respiratory conditions can affect lung tissue compliance. The presence of what condition would lead to an increase in lung compliance?

Emphysema Explanation:

A young adult client has had a tonsillectomy and is in the immediate postoperative period. To make the client comfortable, the nurse intervenes by

Placing the client prone with the head turned to the side Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a patient who has returned to the unit following a bronchoscopy. The patient is asking for something to drink. What criteria will determine when the nurse will allow the patient to drink fluids?

Presence of a cough and gag reflex Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a client with COPD. The client's medication regimen has been recently changed and the nurse is assessing for therapeutic effect of a new bronchodilator. Therapeutic effects of this medication would include which of the following? Select all that apply.

Relief of dyspnea Increased expiratory flow rate Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a client who states an increase in dyspnea. Which intervention would the nurse perform first?

Explanation: Assessment is the first step in the nursing process. Assessing the pulse oximeter reading provides valuable information on the client's condition. Once the information is known, obtaining a breathing treatment or applying an oxygenated facemask, especially for a pulse oximeter reading under 90% is appropriate. Health care provider notification would also be necessary as oxygen is a medication requiring an order.

A hospitalized client with terminal heart failure is nearing the end of life. The nurse observes which of the following breathing patterns?

Explanation: Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by a regular cycle where the rate and depth of breathing increase, then decrease until apnea occurs. The duration of apnea varies but progresses in length. This breathing pattern is associated with heart failure, damage to the respiratory center in the brain, or both.

The nurse is assessing a client's respiratory pattern. Which graphic illustrates Kussmaul's respirations?

Explanation: Kussmaul's breathing is characterized by rapid, deep breathing without pauses. Option A shows tachypnea (shallow breathing with an increased respiratory rate). Option C shows Cheyne-Stokes respirations (breaths gradually become faster and deeper than normal and then slower with intermittent periods of apnea). Option D shows hyperpnea (deep breathing at a normal rate).

A young man incurred a spontaneous pneumothorax. The physician has just inserted a chest tube and has prescribed suction set at 20 cm of water. The nurse instills the fluid to this level in the appropriate chamber. Mark the level of fluid on the appropriate chamber of the closed drainage system.

Explanation: Suction control is determined by the height of instilled water in that chamber. The suction control chamber is on the left side. In the middle of the closed drainage system is the water-seal chamber. The drainage chamber is on the right side of the closed drainage system.

As a clinic nurse, you are caring for a patient who has been prescribed an antibiotic for tonsillitis and has been instructed to take the antibiotic for 10 days. When you do a follow-up call with this patient, you are informed that the patient is feeling better and is stopping the medication after taking it for 4 days. What information should you provide to this patient?

Finish all the antibiotics to eliminate the organism completely.

A critical-care nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia as a surgical complication. The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient has an increased work of breathing due to copious tracheobronchial secretions. What should the nurse encourage the patient to do?

Increase oral fluids unless contraindicated. Explanation:

A client had a tracheostomy two hours ago. The nurse assesses the client and finds the client's breathing is shallow, with a respiratory rate of 30. The nurse notes increased mucus production around the tracheostomy and on the dressing. What are the priority nursing concerns? Select all that apply.

Ineffective airway clearance Impaired gas exchange Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a young adult patient whose medical history includes an alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. This deficiency predisposes the patient to what health problem?

Lobular emphysema Explanation:

Which type of sleep apnea is characterized by lack of airflow due to pharyngeal occlusion?

Obstructive Explanation:

Which term is used to describe the inability to breathe easily except in an upright position?

Orthopnea Explanation:

A nurse is caring for a 6-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis. In order to enhance the child's nutritional status, what intervention should most likely be included in the plan of care?

Pancreatic enzyme supplementation with meals Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndorme (ARDS). In what position does the nurse place the client in order to promote adequate oxygenation?

Prone Explanation: Research has demonstrated the prone position allows the lungs' posterior dependent sections to be better perfused and ventilated due to the recruitment of more alveoli. If a client is experiencing dyspnea and orthopnea, he or she will be more comfortable in the high Fowler's position. The client should not be turned to a supine or semi-Fowler's position.

The nurse is teaching the client who recently experienced abdominal surgery to deep breathe and cough effectively. What observable action serves to best minimize pain that may result from the intervention?

Providing support to abdominal and accessory respiratory muscles Explanation: Coughing and deep breathing uses abdominal and accessory respiratory muscles, which may have been cut during surgery. Splinting, in this case with a pillow, supports the incision and surrounding tissues and reduces pain during coughing and deep breathing exercises. While providing emotional support is appropriate, doing so will not affect physiological pain resulting from the intervention. Exhaling with lips pursed increases resistance in the airways, which helps them stay open during exhalation. Supporting the head and shoulders adds to the client's comfort, but doing so does not address the primary source of pain produced by therapuetic coughing and deep breathing.

A client who has an altered level of consciousness is receiving a tube feeding. Clients receiving tube feeding should be placed in which position?

Semi-Fowler's or higher Explanation:

The nurse is caring for a client who is being treated for pneumonia. The nurse suspects the client has developed pleuritis. Which assessment findings support the nurse's suspicion of pleuritis? Select all that apply.

Shoulder pain Pain when deep breathing and coughing Unequal chest expansion on inspiration Explanation: Pleuritis results in unilateral pain of the chest wall that is abrupt in onset. When the diaphragm is irritated, the pain may be referred to the shoulder. Chest movements such as deep breathing and coughing make the pain worse. Reflex splinting of the chest muscles may occur, causing a lesser respiratory expansion on the affected side. Though the client's pneumonia may result in purulent sputum, this is not a sign of pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura).

The nurse should include which instructions in the teaching plan for a client with chronic sinusitis? Select all that apply.

Take a hot shower in the morning and evening. Report a temperature of 102° F (38.9° C) or higher. Explanation: The client with chronic sinusitis should be instructed to take hot showers in the morning and evening to promote drainage of secretions. There is no need to limit caffeine intake. Performing postural drainage will inhibit removal of secretions, not promote it. Clients should elevate the head of the bed to promote drainage. Clients should report all temperatures higher than 100.4° F (38° C) because a temperature that high can indicate infection. The client should increase, not limit fluid intake; a 24 hour fluid intake of 2,000 to 3,000 ml would be appropriate.

For a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which nursing intervention helps maintain a patent airway?

Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing Explanation:

The nurse is performing patient teaching with a young mother who has brought her 3-month-old to the clinic for a well-baby check. Knowing that it is cold season, what information should the nurse provide to the mother to best prevent transmission of organisms?

Wash hands frequently Explanation: