Pain

A rapid onset and varies in pain intensity. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

A. Acute Pain

Common causes of pain are burns, infectious processes such as a sore throat, accidental injuries, or surgery. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

A. Acute Pain

The client may become diaphoretic, and the pupils dilate. The client may also be restless and anxious. The client may rub the site of pain, cry, or guard with movement. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

A. Acute Pain

The sympathetic nervous system increases pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

A. Acute Pain

A client of Asian descent, who is 1 day postsurgery, has not requested pain medication for 8 hr and denies pain. The nurse performs an in-depth pain assessment because knowledge of the client's culture leads the nurse to suspect that the client views pain in what way? A. As an imbalance of body forces B. As a sign of illness C. As unpleasant and something to be controlled D. As something to be minimized

A. As an imbalance of body forces

Which are correct statements regarding physiological responses to pain? Select all that apply. A. As pain continues, the client's immune system is diminished. B. At the onset of pain, the client's blood pressure and pulse are normal. C. The client may hold his/her breath in response to pain. D. Mobility is never affected by pain. E. A client experiencing pain has an altered respiratory rate and pattern.

A. As pain continues, the client's immune system is diminished. C. The client may hold his/her breath in response to pain. E. A client experiencing pain has an altered respiratory rate and pattern.

View pain as an imbalance of the yin and yang A. Chinese Americans B. Native Americans C. Hispanic Americans

A. Chinese Americans

The nurse is caring for a client who has been experiencing pain in the left knee for 8 months from a bone injury. The nurse identifies what nursing problem for this client? A. Chronic pain caused by injury of the left knee B. Acute pain of the left knee C. Chronic pain caused by nerve damage D. Neuropathic pain

A. Chronic pain caused by injury of the left knee

The nurse is admitting a client to the surgical unit. What statement by the nurse best reflects the nurse's assessment of the fifth vital sign? A. "Do you have any concerns regarding your environment?" B. "Are you experiencing any discomfort right now?" C. "Is there anything I can do for you now?" D. "Do you have any complaints of pain?"

B. "Are you experiencing any discomfort right now?"

Which statement best reflects the nurse's assessment of the fifth vital sign? A. "Do you have any complaints?" B. "Are you experiencing any discomfort right now?" C. "Is there anything I can do for you now?" D. "Do you have any complaints of pain?"

B. "Are you experiencing any discomfort right now?"

A client with pain has responses elicited by the parasympathetic nervous system. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

B. Chronic Pain

Can be constant or recurring A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

B. Chronic Pain

Lasts longer than 3 months and interferes with normal function A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

B. Chronic Pain

May not have an identifiable cause A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

B. Chronic Pain

The client's vital signs are normal, the skin is warm and dry, and the pupils are normal or dilated. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

B. Chronic Pain

As a nurse, you will assist clients to establish goals to promote independence and decrease the pain experience. Which of the following goal statements would promote a client's independence? A. Client is attempts to manage pain without family involvement. B. Client is able to describe pain to ensure successful use of these agents. C. Client strives to control pain without pharmacologic relief measures. D. Client controls pain with opiates only as they have proven effective.

B. Client is able to describe pain to ensure successful use of these agents.

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic pain due to cancer. The client has just been prescribed an opiate to manage the pain. The nurse knows that this is the first time the client is receiving this type of analgesic. The nurse will monitor the client for which of the following effects? Select all that apply. A. Diarrhea B. Depressed respirations C. Sedation D. Insomnia E. Psychogenic pain

B. Depressed respirations C. Sedation

The client on an oncology unit complains of pain. The nurse determines the type of analgesic needed based on which factor? A. Health care provider's orders B. The 0 to 10 pain scale C. Pharmaceutical company recommendations D. The narrow therapeutic index

B. The 0 to 10 pain scale

Which phase is the response to the painful stimuli. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

C. Modulation

The client notifies the nurse that pain is beginning to become uncomfortable. The nurse determines that the client is in which of the following phases of nociception? A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

D. Perception

The descending fibers then release endogenous opioids, serotonin, and norepinephrine to inhibit the ascending painful impulses. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

D. Perception

The neurons in the thalamus and brainstem send signals back down the dorsal horn to the spinal cord. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

D. Perception

Is pain for which no physical cause can be identified. A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

D. Psychogenic pain

Medications that are not primarily indicated for treatment of pain, but are used to augment pain relief medications. A. opioid B. adjuvant medications C. antidepressants D. neuromuscular blocking agents

adjuvant medications

Drugs that bind to acetylcholine receptors, preventing contraction of skeletal muscle. A. opioid B. adjuvant medications C. antidepressants D. neuromuscular blocking agents

neuromuscular blocking agents

A morphine-like medication that produces pain relief; refers to natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic medications that relieve pain A. opioid B. adjuvant medications C. antidepressants D. neuromuscular blocking agents

opioid

A theory that provides an explanation of how pain and emotions are linked.

gate control theory

Pain may ultimately affect the client's quality of life in the following ways:

1. disrupt sleep 2. interfere with the client's appetite 3. emotional distress

An older client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of nonhealing ulcers that have been painful. The nurse is conducting a focused assessment to determine factors that affect the client's response to pain. The nurse knows which of the following questions would be of value? Select all that apply. A. "Who will be visiting with you while you are with us?" B. "Will someone be able to bring you in some of your belongings?" C. "Would you like to receive narcotics for your pain?" D. "Can you describe for me how the pain medication that you have been taking is working?" E. "Are you able to walk?"

A. "Who will be visiting with you while you are with us?" B. "Will someone be able to bring you in some of your belongings?" D. "Can you describe for me how the pain medication that you have been taking is working?" E. "Are you able to walk?"

Which of the following is true regarding treatment for malignant pain? A. Balance relief of pain with mental alertness; client needs careful monitoring. B. Pain relief is administered without careful monitoring. C. Monitor the client for diarrhea. D. Malignant pain occurs only with cancer.

A. Balance relief of pain with mental alertness; client needs careful monitoring.

A client reports to the nurse that he has pain in his knee with movement. He refuses pain medication because he is willing to tolerate the pain. The nurse realizes that a barrier to this client's pain management may be which factor? A. Cultural beliefs and values B. The client's gender C. The client's occupation D. The client's socioeconomic status

A. Cultural beliefs and values

A client who had abdominal surgery 4 hours ago is receiving a continuous epidural infusion of an analgesic. Which of the following observations indicates the nurse should monitor the client closely? A. Drowsy; drifts off to sleep before completing a sentence B. Respirations = 18/minute C. Drowsy; easily aroused D. Pain rating 1-2/10

A. Drowsy; drifts off to sleep before completing a sentence

Which statement best reflects the World Health Organization's three-step Analgesic Ladder? Select all that apply. A. For a client with severe pain (7-10), administer an opioid with or without adjuvant medication. B. For a client with mild pain (1-3), give an opioid. C. For a client with severe pain (7-10), give a nonopioid analgesic. D. For a client with severe pain (7-10), give an opioid and titrate the dose until pain is relieved. E. For a client with moderate pain (4-6), give an opioid with or without adjuvant medication.

A. For a client with severe pain (7-10), administer an opioid with or without adjuvant medication. D. For a client with severe pain (7-10), give an opioid and titrate the dose until pain is relieved. E. For a client with moderate pain (4-6), give an opioid with or without adjuvant medication.

The nurse is caring for a client with intractable pain. In planning care, the nurse must consider that this type of pain has what characteristic? A. Highly resistant to relief and without cure B. Not originating from a clearly defined cause C. Recurrent and persists over 6 months or longer D. Relieved by decreasing anxiety

A. Highly resistant to relief and without cure

Respond to pain by crying. As they get older, they will turn away from painful stimuli. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

A. Infants

Your client, Mrs. Johns, is experiencing pain. Which action could you take that would help ensure that her pain is minimized? A. Make sure her room is a comfortable temperature. B. Make sure her sleep is interrupted. C. Make sure Mrs. Johns is fatigued by her daily activities. D. Make sure Mrs. Johns' room is as hot as she can tolerate.

A. Make sure her room is a comfortable temperature.

Your observations of your client, Mr. Jebb, lead you to conclude that he is experiencing several psychosocial responses to pain. Which observation best supports this conclusion? A. Mr. Jebb's appetite has decreased significantly. B. Mr. Jebb is able to sleep well. C. Mr. Jebb is eating his typical diet. D. Mr. Jebb seems cheerful and optimistic.

A. Mr. Jebb's appetite has decreased significantly.

Duration of pain varies from short to lingering A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

A. Neuropathic pain

Is the result of an injury or abnormality of the peripheral nerves and typically causes a burning or stabbing sensation. A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

A. Neuropathic pain

Acetaminophen A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

A. Nonopioid analgesics

Aspirin A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

A. Nonopioid analgesics

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

A. Nonopioid analgesics

Minimize and control the expression of pain A. Older Anglo-Saxon Americans and Irish B. Jewish and Italians C. African Americans D. Arab Americans

A. Older Anglo-Saxon Americans and Irish

Which best describes the complex response and nature of pain? A. Pain is an involvement of not only physical but also cognitive and emotional responses. It is what the client states to you the nurse. Pain is also considered the fifth vital sign. B. Pain is an involvement of not only physical but also cognitive and emotional responses. It is what you, as the nurse, assess the pain to be. Pain is also considered the fifth vital sign. C. Pain is an involvement of only emotional responses. It is what the client states to you the nurse. Pain is also considered the fifth vital sign. D. Pain is an involvement of only physical symptoms. It is what the client states to you the nurse. Pain is also considered the fifth vital sign. Clients may not always appear in pain.

A. Pain is an involvement of not only physical but also cognitive and emotional responses. It is what the client states to you the nurse. Pain is also considered the fifth vital sign.

As the nurse, you know physiologic factors can cause or affect the pain experience. Choose the statements that are correct about the pain experience. Select all that apply A. Physical or emotional stress may initiate or exacerbate pain. B. A client who is well rested will have more pain. C. Pain is often decreased in the evening hours. D. Factors in the environment such as cold or heat can initiate or exacerbate pain. E. Overuse of muscles can trigger muscle spasms.

A. Physical or emotional stress may initiate or exacerbate pain. D. Factors in the environment such as cold or heat can initiate or exacerbate pain. E. Overuse of muscles can trigger muscle spasms.

Identify the responses that describe the physiological pain process. Select all that apply. A. The painful stimulus results in the movement of ions across the cell membrane, exciting the nociceptors. B. The pain threshold is the lowest intensity stimulus that causes the client to recognize pain. C. In transduction, the pain stimulus triggers the biochemical mediator serotonin. D. In modulation, the neurons in the thalamus and the brainstem send signals up the spinal cord. E. Transmission is the second phase of nociception and includes the passage of pain from the spinal cord to the brainstem.

A. The painful stimulus results in the movement of ions across the cell membrane, exciting the nociceptors. B. The pain threshold is the lowest intensity stimulus that causes the client to recognize pain. C. In transduction, the pain stimulus triggers the biochemical mediator serotonin. E. Transmission is the second phase of nociception and includes the passage of pain from the spinal cord to the brainstem.

The activation of pain receptors is what phase? A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

A. Transduction

The pain stimulus triggers the release of biochemical mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, and substance P sensitizing nociceptors. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

A. Transduction

The painful stimulus also results in the movement of ions across the cell membrane, which excites the nociceptors. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

A. Transduction

The painful stimulus is converted into electrical impulses that travel from the periphery to the spinal cord or dorsal horn. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

A. Transduction

It is the client's interpretation of pain. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

C. Modulation

Do not openly express pain or request pain medication A. Chinese Americans B. Native Americans C. Hispanic Americans

B. Native Americans

You are talking with a newly admitted client, Ms. Kendra. She is describing her pain symptoms. Which statement would lead you to classify Ms. Kendra's pain as neuropathic? A. "I feel severe pain in my foot, but that doesn't seem possible. My foot's been amputated." B. "Ever since my injury, I have felt burning pain." C. "I feel so much pain. Other medical professionals have tried to treat it, but nothing helps." D. "I'm in severe pain, but I have not been injured and I'm not ill in any way."

B. "Ever since my injury, I have felt burning pain."

The nurse is teaching a client about the proper use of analgesic medication for the treatment of pain. What statement by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. "Pain medication is taken only by prescription from the health care provider." B. "The level of pain may be minimized, but the medication could impair functioning." C. "Pain medication should be taken only if the pain is greater than '7' on a 1 to 10 scale." D. "You need to have a family member administer the analgesic."

B. "The level of pain may be minimized, but the medication could impair functioning."

Which statement best identifies indicators of acute pain? A. Decreased pulse rate and respiratory rate, and increased blood pressure B. Increased pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure C. Respiratory rate and blood pressure are normal D. Client is calm; pupils are contracted

B. Increased pulse rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure

Noted when the client's pain persists and is resistant to therapeutic interventions. A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

B. Intractable pain

Are more vocal about pain A. Older Anglo-Saxon Americans and Irish B. Jewish and Italians C. African Americans D. Arab Americans

B. Jewish and Italians

The nurse is teaching a colleague about pain control. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective regarding implementation of the gate control theory when the colleague identifies which appropriate interventions? Select all that apply. A. Oral analgesics around the clock (ATC) B. Massage C. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) D. Heat or cold application E. Anticipatory guidance

B. Massage D. Heat or cold application E. Anticipatory guidance

Which interventions, when implemented by the nurse, would apply the gate control theory of pain? Select all that apply A. Oral analgesics around the clock B. Massage C. Patient-controlled analgesia D. Heat or cold application E. Teaching

B. Massage D. Heat or cold application E. Teaching

Ms. Harding is being evaluated for outcomes of her pain interventions. Which set of facts demonstrates that Ms. Harding has met the goals for successful pain intervention? A. Ms. Harding reports pain is relieved or reduced. Overall discomfort is not relieved. She is not satisfied with management. All vital signs are on the low end of normal. Pulse oximetry remains over 92%. She is not experiencing or is managing any medication side effects. B. Ms. Harding reports pain is relieved or reduced. Overall discomfort is relieved. She is satisfied with management. All vital signs are within normal limits (WNL). Pulse oximetry remains over 95%. She is not experiencing or is managing any medication side effects. C. Ms. Harding reports pain is not relieved. Overall discomfort is somewhat relieved. She is unsure if she is satisfied with management. All vital signs are within normal limits (WNL). Pulse oximetry remains over 90%. She is not experiencing or is managing any medication side effects. D. Ms. Harding reports pain is relieved or reduced. Overall discomfort is varying in relief. She is satisfied with management. All vital signs are within normal limits (WNL). Pulse oximetry remains over 90%.

B. Ms. Harding reports pain is relieved or reduced. Overall discomfort is relieved. She is satisfied with management. All vital signs are within normal limits (WNL). Pulse oximetry remains over 95%. She is not experiencing or is managing any medication side effects.

Controlled substances or narcotics A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

B. Opioid analgesics

When a client has arrived at the nursing uint from surgery, the nurse is most likely to give priority to which of the following assessments? A. Pain tolerance B. Pain Intensity C. Location of pain D. Pain history

B. Pain Intensity

Which of the following statements apply to gate control theory? Select all that apply. A. Large diameter nerve fibers conduct the pain impulse from the spinal cord to the brain. B. Small diameter nerve fibers conduct pain from the spinal cord to the brain. C. When too many impulses are sent, certain cells in the spinal cord interrupt the signal. D. In the substantia gelatinosa, a gating mechanism limits the number of sensory impulses that can be processed. E. Massage can stimulate the large nerve fibers and close the gate, blocking the pain impulse.

B. Small diameter nerve fibers conduct pain from the spinal cord to the brain. C. When too many impulses are sent, certain cells in the spinal cord interrupt the signal. D. In the substantia gelatinosa, a gating mechanism limits the number of sensory impulses that can be processed. E. Massage can stimulate the large nerve fibers and close the gate, blocking the pain impulse.

A client has arrived in the clinic complaining of intense knee pain as a result of a fall from a stepladder. The nurse assessing the client knows that which condition is likely to exist? Select all that apply. A. The client's immune system will be compromised. B. The client's blood pressure and pulse may be increased. C. The client may hold his/her breath. D. The client will have atelectasis. E. The client may have an altered respiratory rate and pattern.

B. The client's blood pressure and pulse may be increased. C. The client may hold his/her breath. E. The client may have an altered respiratory rate and pattern.

Which are statements that correctly describe chronic pain? Select all that apply. A. The pain has been present for 2 months. B. The pain is constant and recurring. C. The pain is mild to severe. D. The pain is recurring but not constant. E. The pain has been present for over 6 months and interferes with normal function.

B. The pain is constant and recurring. C. The pain is mild to severe. E. The pain has been present for over 6 months and interferes with normal function.

Gain the ability to describe pain according to the intensity and location. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

B. Toddlers and preschoolers

Pain is transmitted from the spinal cord to the brainstem and thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex, where pain perception occurs. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

B. Transmission

The pain impulse travels from the peripheral nerve fibers to the spinal cord. Substance P enhances the movement of impulses across the nerve synapse from the primary afferent neuron to the second-order neuron in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The unmyelinated C fibers transmit dull or aching pain and the A-delta fibers transmit sharp, localized pain. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

B. Transmission

The phase that involves the movement of the pain impulse from the peripheral nerve fibers to the spinal cord and the transmission of pain from the spinal cord to the brainstem and thalamus to the somatic sensory cortex, where pain perception occurs. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

B. Transmission

The pain threshold is the lowest intensity of a stimulus that causes the client to recognize pain. A. Transduction B. Transmission C. Modulation D. Perception

C. Modulation

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a "burning" pain in the left leg. The nurse determines that further information is needed when the client makes which statement? A. "This type of pain can range from electric shock to dull and aching or sharp pain." B. "This type of pain may not respond well to pain pills." C. "My pain will be quickly cured with treatment." D. "I know this pain is related to damaged nerves."

C. "My pain will be quickly cured with treatment."

Antidepressants A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

C. Adjuvant medications

Neuromuscular blocking agents A. Nonopioid analgesics B. Opioid analgesics C. Adjuvant medications

C. Adjuvant medications

View pain as a sign of illness A. Older Anglo-Saxon Americans and Irish B. Jewish and Italians C. African Americans D. Arab Americans

C. African Americans

Malignant pain may be related to HIV/AIDS, burns, or other disease processes. A. Acute Pain B. Chronic Pain C. Cancer Pain

C. Cancer Pain

As a nurse, it is important for you to know how different cultures and ethnicities view and react to pain. Which statements are generally true of various cultures? Select all that apply. A. Jewish people and Italians are not very vocal about pain. B. Native Americans openly express the need for pain medications. C. Chinese Americans view pain as an imbalance of yin and yang. D. Arab Americans view pain as something to be controlled. E. Hispanic Americans express pain more openly than clients from other cultures.

C. Chinese Americans view pain as an imbalance of yin and yang. D. Arab Americans view pain as something to be controlled. E. Hispanic Americans express pain more openly than clients from other cultures.

Express pain more openly then other ethnicities A. Chinese Americans B. Native Americans C. Hispanic Americans

C. Hispanic Americans

During the transduction phase of nociception, which method of pain control is most effective? A. Tricyclic Antidepressants B. Opioids C. Ibuprofen D. Distraction

C. Ibuprofen

Which of the following factors need to be assessed to formulate the most accurate nursing diagnosis for a client experiencing pain? Select all that apply. A. Increased respiratory function B. Acute pain only C. Inability to sleep and immobility D. Decreased ability to cope E. Sedation and decreased respiratory function

C. Inability to sleep and immobility D. Decreased ability to cope E. Sedation and decreased respiratory function

A client who describes his pain as 6 on a scale of 1 to 10 is classified as having which of the following? A. Mild pain B. Mild to moderate pain C. Moderate to severe pain D. Very severe pain

C. Moderate to severe pain

Client has a limb amputated, he/she describes pain at the site A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

C. Phantom pain

Site clearly has no receptors or nerves, but the client's pain experience is very real. A. Neuropathic pain B. Intractable pain C. Phantom pain D. Psychogenic pain

C. Phantom pain

Have the ability to respond to pain and describe its location and intensity. If pain progresses, they regress to an earlier stage of development. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

C. School-age children

The client rates his pain as an "8" on a 0 to 10 scale. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) three-step approach, what medication would the nurse administer? A. Weak opioid B. Nonopioid C. Strong opioid D. Opiate and coanalgesic

C. Strong opioid

The nurse is planning care related to pain control for an older adult. The nurse incorporates what principle(s) into the plan? Select all that apply. A. Pain is a natural outcome of the aging process. B. Pain perception increases with age. C. The client may deny pain. D. The nurse should avoid use of narcotics. E. The client may describe pain as an "ache" or "discomfort."

C. The client may deny pain. E. The client may describe pain as an "ache" or "discomfort."

Three-Step Analgesic Ladder Client with mild pain (1-3 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer...

Client with mild pain (1-3 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer nonopioid analgesic.

Three-Step Analgesic Ladder Client with moderate pain (4-6 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer...

Client with moderate pain (4-6 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer opioid with or without adjuvant medication.

Three-Step Analgesic Ladder Client with severe pain (7-10 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer ...

Client with severe pain (7-10 on a 1 to 10 scale): Administer an opioid with or without adjuvant medication and with or without nonopioid analgesics. The opioid is administered and titrated in scheduled doses until the pain is relieved.

Common causes of acute pain

Common causes of acute pain are burns, infectious processes such as a sore throat, accidental injuries, or surgery.

Slow to acknowledge pain. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

D. Adolescents

View pain as unpleasant and something to be controlled A. Older Anglo-Saxon Americans and Irish B. Jewish and Italians C. African Americans D. Arab Americans

D. Arab Americans

During an admission nursing assessment, a client with diabetes describes his leg pain as a "dull, burning sensation." The nurse recognizes this description to be characteristic of which type of pain? A. Physiological B. Somatic C. Visceral D. Neuropathic

D. Neuropathic

The client has an order of morphine 2.5 to 5.0 mg IV q4h. He recieved 2.5mg IV 4 hours ago for pain rated at 3 on a scale of 0 to 10. He is now watching tv and visiting with family members. When asked about his pain, he rates it as a 5. His vitals signs are stable. What nursing intervention is the most appropriate? A. Give morphine 3.5mg IV and inform him to continue watching tv because it is a distraction from the pain. B. Give 2.5mg of morphine IV to avoid the client becoming addicted. C. Give nothing at this time because he is not exhibiting any signs of pain. D. Give morphine 5.0mg IV and reassess in 20 minutes.

D. Give morphine 5.0mg IV and reassess in 20 minutes.

Psychosocial factors have a major impact on the experience of pain. Which statement best represents the best psychosocial factor to reduce the experience of pain? A. A feeling of powerlessness B. Removal of personal possessions C. Staff who do not readily assess pain D. Supportive and caring nurses

D. Supportive and caring nurses

Ignore pain due to fear of what it means. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

E. Young and middle-aged adults

Often experience pain associated with multiple conditions. They may also have decreased sensation to pain. A. Infants B. Toddlers and preschoolers C. School-age children D. Adolescents E. Young and middle-aged adults F. Older adults

F. Older adults

Drug used to reduce or eliminate pain.

analgesic

Drugs used for the treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders, including panic, obsessive-compulsive, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorders. A. opioid B. adjuvant medications C. antidepressants D. neuromuscular blocking agents

antidepressants

A method of pain control where anesthesia, usually morphine or meperidine, is initially administered by the anesthesiologist and subsequent doses are self-administered by pushing a button controlled by a special IV pump system.

patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

Topical delivery method that provides for convenient dosing with slow release of the drug.

transdermal patches