Patho Final

The nurse on the urology unit teaches the nursing student that which test assists in detecting a recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy?

PSA Level

Which clients should the nurse assess to determine if they have premature osteoporosis?

Anyone with an eating disorder

A child presents to the emergency room with suspected trauma to the growth plate in the ankle during a soccer game. Which step is the best intervention?

Assess the child for pain and prepare for diagnostic studies.

Rickets symptoms

bowed legs and deformities of the pelvis, skull, and rib cage

contusion

bruise, injury

The older adult client tells the nurse that she believes she is getting shorter. The nurse explains to the client that height loss is caused by which occurrence with aging?

Compression of the vertebral Colum

Which client is at greatest risk for developing balanoposthitis?

A man who has an uncercumsized penis

What is a primary intervention for the nurse to implement for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease ?

Administer antibiotic therapy.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas present differently. The nurse is aware of which difference?

BPH is commonly located in the periurethral zone of the prostate, while prostate cancers are commonly located in the peripheral zones of the prostate.

Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis

Bone infection that is caused by TB

A 16-year-old adolescent suffered a fracture of the ulna. The fracture does not protrude through the skin and there are several pieces of broken bone evident on the x-ray. Which term should the nurse use to describe this fracture?

Closed comminuted fracture

Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans)

Common idiopathic alteration of bone exhibiting abnormal resorption and deposition, resulting in distorted and weakened bones

What term describes an injury to the soft tissue of the body?

Contusion

When explaining polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a newly diagnosed client, the health care worker states, "This ovarian dysfunction is caused by:

Elevated LH

The nurse is caring for a client with several fractures that have been immobilized. Which assessment finding would be most indicative of a potential complication?

Deep unrelenting pain

Signs and symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta

Easily broken bones Bone deformities, such as bowing of the legs Discoloration of the white of the eye (sclera), may be blue or gray in color A barrel-shaped chest A curved spine A triangle-shaped face Loose joints Muscle weakness Skin that easily bruises Hearing loss in early adulthood Soft, discolored teeth

Many bone diseases of adulthood involve an imbalance between bone cell destruction and production. T/F

False

In assessing a client with a fibroadenoma of the breast, what will the nurse find?

Firm Rubbery Mass

exercise builds neither strength nor endurance, but is still part of a balanced fitness regimen.

Flexibility

The nurse is caring for a client with lichen simplex chronicus. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Gray-white plaques with an irregular surface

The client develops osteomyelitis that has originated from infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream. This is known as which type of osteomyelitis?

Hematogenous

A 38-year-old woman with proliferative breast changes of papilloma asks the nurse about her risk for breast cancer. Which statement of risk is correct?

Higher because of your papilloma

Congenital joint instability of the __________ in infants predisposes the joint to dislocation.

Hip

Dysfunctional menstrual cycles are usually a result of alterations in the __________ that support normal endometrial changes

Hormones

Causes of chronic fatique

In most cases, there's a reason for the fatigue. It might be allergic rhinitis, anemia, depression, fibromyalgia, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease (COPD), a bacterial or viral infection, or some other health condition.

A female client with blocked fallopian tubes seeks assistance at a fertility clinic. Which assisted reproductive technology will bring the greatest chance for conception?

In vitro fertalization

An older adult is being evaluated for chronic fatigue. Which assessment data by the nurse would support the diagnosis?

Inability to concentrate; awakens after a few hours of sleep and cannot return to sleep

lichen sclerosus

Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women.

A client reporting low abdominal pain, purulent cervical discharge, and painful intercourse is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The provider educates the client about this disease mentioning which statement?

Is a polymicrobial infection of the upper reproductive tract

A 6-year-old child has developed idiopathic osteonecrotic disease of the proximal (capital) femoral epiphysis. The health care provider would document this finding as which diagnosis?

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

symptoms of endometriosis

Lower back ache, painful intercourse, feeling of heaviness in the pelvis, and spotting.

A woman reports to the primary healthcare provider that she experiences monthly changes before her menstrual cycle. Which statement demonstrates understanding of premenstrual disorders?

Many women report premenstrul emotional or physical changes

uterine leiomyomas

Noncancerous growths in the uterus that can develop during a woman's childbearing years. The cause of fibroids isn't well understood. Risk factors include a family history of fibroids, obesity, or early onset of puberty. Symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, and pelvic pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms. Treatments include medications and removal of the fibroid.

What is reduction?

Refers to the realigning of the bone

An infant is born with a clubfoot. The nurse should anticipate which treatment measures will be instituted?

Serial manipulations and casting

The nurse assesses the neurovascular status of a client who had surgery to repair a fractured hip. Which assessment data for the affected leg indicates that the client has developed a neurologic complication?

Tingling sensations

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a psychological phenomenon. T/F

True

Endometrial tissue of the uterus is occasionally found in sites outside the uterus. T/F

True

Many infant skeletal disorders are caused by the child's position in the uterus. T/F

True

The course of prostatitis can be either acute or chronic. true or false? T/F

True

The foreskin of infant boys cannot normally be retracted. true or false?

True

papilloma

a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

Blount disease

a condition found in children that affects the growth plates around the knee. The disease causes the growth plate near the inside of the knee to either slow down or stop making new bone. Meanwhile, the growth plate near the outside of the knee continues to grow normally.

Rickets

a condition that affects bone development in children. It causes bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities.

prostatic hyperplasia

also called prostate gland enlargement — is a common condition as men get older. An enlarged prostate gland can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. It can also cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems

Orchitis

an inflammation of one or both testicles. Bacterial or viral infections can cause orchitis, or the cause can be unknown.

idiopathic osteonecrotic disease

an ischemic disorder that causes bone necrosis of the femoral head, resulting in hip joint dysfunction.

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children

Bartholin's glands cyst

blockage of one or both of the Bartholin's glands, causing inflammation and tenderness

osteonecrosis

death of bone tissue due to insufficient blood supply

A diagnosis of BPH is often determined by a history and a __________ rectal exam

digital

osteomalacia

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency

is a neurovascular process involving the autonomic and somatic nervous systems as well as the vascular system.

erection

vulvitis

inflammation of the external genitals, or vulva

Osteomyelitis

inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone. It can result from an infection somewhere else in the body that has spread to the bone, or it can start in the bone — often as a result of an injury.

Osteogenesis imperfecta

inherited condition when bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones

Osteosarcoma

malignant tumor of the bone; agressive

What is a nonunion and malunion fracture

nonunion describes the failure of a fractured bone to heal and mend after an extended period of time; malunion refers to a fracture that has healed in a deformed position, or with shortening or rotation of the limb.

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

Signs of an ectopic pregnancy

pelvic pain that may be unilateral and bleeding

soft, velvety red lesions on the cervix that can sometimes be precursors to malignant changes.

polyps

cervical squamous dysplasia

precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina

Hematogenous

produced or derived from blood; disseminated through the bloodstream

osteogenesis imperfecta type 2

the most severe type of osteogenesis imperfecta. Affected infants often experience life-threatening complications at birth or shortly after. Infants with OI type II have low birth weight, abnormally short arms and legs and blue sclera.

Testicular __________ is a twisting of the spermatic cord that suspends the testis

torsion

Which assessment finding leads the nurse to suspect a child has Blount disease (tibia vara)?

unilateral rotational deformity of the proximal tibia

Human Activity Profile

a self- administered instrument available to measure physical activity. The HAP was originally developed by Daughton and colleagues [17] to measure quality of life achieved by patients in rehabilitation programs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.