Personal and Community Health
As a student seeking a healthy diet, which of the following tips is NOT recommended when eating fast food?
eat salads and add all available food options
If you know you will be at an event where alcohol will be served, what can you do to drink responsibly?
eat shortly before you go and alternate alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks
Which of the following behaviors would most likely increase the risk of developing cancer?
eating a diet high in empty calories
Breast-fed infants
have a decreased incidence of illness
Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT
the time of day the alcohol is consumed
A substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)
antigen
Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs
An effective was to protect yourself from STIs is to
have sex only with a partner who has tested negative for STIs
Over the last twenty years, the American's calorie intake has increased. This is due in part to
increased availability of extremely large serving sizes of foods
An example of a SMART goal is
I'll sign up for the strength-training class and try to increase the weight I can lift by 20% by the end of the term
Overall, the leading cause of death for American is
heart disease
Regular aerobic exercise improves the
heart, lungs, and blood vessels
In the United States, the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently
higher for whites than for blacks
Through our relationships with others, we fulfill our needs for
intimacy, social integration, and nurturance
Which of the following is FALSE about fiber?
it is the digestible portion of plant foods
Sharon has lost two jobs in the past year. She blames her coworkers, who she says didn't like her. She claims that they were purposely trying to sabotage her and that she did absolutely nothing wrong. From her behavior, it is likely that Sharon has developed
learned helplessness
Which of the following statements about Internet addiction is true?
people with Internet addiction tend to have lower grades and poorer job performance than others who are not addicted
While in the hospital, Daniel's grandmother developed an inflammatory condition that involved a build-up of fluid in her lungs. His grandmother was suffering from
pneumonia
Which of the following is a sign of codependent behavior?
striving to meet an addicted person's needs in an unhealthy way
All of the following must happen for a disease to occur EXCEPT
the host must never have had the disease before
Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. Which of the following defines the term allostatic load?
the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response
Which of the following is NOT true about male condoms?
they can be used with baby oil and body lotions as lubricants
All of the following are true about intimate relationships EXCEPT that
they may lack emotional availability
Which of the following is TRUE of psychologically healthy people?
they value human diversity
Noor just found out that she is pregnant. Noor will need
to consume about 300 additional calories a day
You should seek expert medical care if you experience
unexplained sudden weight loss
Which of the following statements about U.S. water consumption is TRUE?
Water-saving toilets and other devices have contributed to a decline in residential water usage in the U.S. over the past few decades
The conventional health care delivered in the United States is known as
allopathic medicine
Physician assistants
can provide treatment and write prescriptions when supervised by a physician
When the body is invaded by antigens, the immune system forms substances called
antibodies
Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT
compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals
Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking in a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?
alarm
Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?
an impending promotion
Julio wants to strengthen his relationship with La Vonne by sharing personal information with her. To get over his fear of disclosing his feelings, Julio can do all of the following EXCEPT
blame his parents for his imperfections
After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is
compromising her immunity
Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT
hearing loss
Exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease by all of the following EXCEPT
increasing LDL levels
All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT
increasing triglycerides in your blood
The most common sleep disorder is
insomnia
Which of the following is TRUE about routes of drug administration?
intravenous injection is the most dangerous method of administration
At the end of each day, Anne writes down five positive affirmations about herself to block out any negative thoughts. Anne is demonstrating
learned optimism
Relational connectedness is MOST likely to be enhanced by
meeting a friend for lunch
Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT
meningitis
Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is
money
Which of the following statements about crime in the United States is true?
more than half of all violent victimizations that occur in the United States are not reported to police
When trying to ensure clean air in your home, sources of pollution to look for include all of the following EXCEPT
nitroglycerine
The transactional model of stress and coping proposes that our stress response is determined by
our perception of the stressor, our coping ability, and our environment
A person with strong core muscles has a more stable center of gravity and
reduced chance of injury
Which of the following is TRUE about women and alcoholism?
women get addicted faster with less alcohol use than men
What is the difference between a portion and a serving?
a serving is the recommended amount to be consumed, and a portion is the amount you choose to eat
Research examining the relationship between substance abuse and violence indicates that
alcohol consumption is a major factor in domestic violence at all levels
When blood levels of the hormone leptin rise,
appetite levels decrease
Women who use oral contraceptives and also smoke are at a higher risk of
blood clots and hypertension
What happens during a stroke?
blood supply to some area of the brain is interrupted
Sharon is a gymnast. A personal trainer cautioned her that her extremely low body fat might cause health problems, including an increased risk of
bone fractures
Kendra has decided to break up with her boyfriend. Which of the following actions should she take?
change the passwords she'd shared with him to her online accounts and pages
All of the following are recommended for avoiding contracting or spreading a respiratory infection EXCEPT
going to work while sick as long as you take medication
Assault, homicide, and suicide are all examples of
intentional injuries
A mentally healthy student who gets a bad grade on an exam would respond by
learning from the situation and improving study habits
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
low blood pressure
Which of the following circumstances can cause a miscarriage?
maternal infection or hormone imbalance
Exercise helps with weight control by increasing the body's
metabolic rate
A biopsy reveals that a woman who has had breast cancer now has cancer in her bones. The process of cancer spreading from one organ or body area to others is
metastasis
A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of
modifiable determinants of health
In a clinical trial for a new pain medication, Hayden was given an inactive substance instead of an actual drug. After taking it, however, his headache improved. This resulted from the
placebo effect
In preparation for his exam, Juan plans to stay up all night studying. According to research, this strategy will likely result in
reduced cognitive ability
Which of the following is TRUE about stress?
stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges
Nutrients are
the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly
A driver is "usually impaired" at a blood alcohol concentration of
0.05 to 0.07 percent
Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from
accidents
Bryan enjoys going for a 5-mile run as a way to wind down after his last class. Bryan should
eat a small carbohydrate-rich- snack about an hour before he heads out for his run
The surge in obesity rates around the world has become known as
globesity
Which of the following is TRUE in regard to atherosclerosis?
it is characterized by a buildup of substances within the arteries that form plaque
Which of the following BEST describes appetite?
it is more psychological than physiological
Which of the following is NOT true about a hangover?
it usually takes 1-2 hours to recover from a hangover
Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT
red blood cells
Communication with health care providers can be improved by all of the following EXCEPT
relying on your health care provider for all information on health care issues
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?
shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery
Which of the following is FALSE about weight management?
short-term diets are as effective as long-term behavior modification
Sleep-deprived individuals may be at greater risk of overweight and obesity because
sleeping less is associated with eating more
College students who become addicted to gambling have an increased risk for all of the following EXCEPT
smoking
One reason that the effects of alcohol are different for women and men is that
women have less water in their tissues than men
Which of the following is TRUE about communication patterns between men and women
women tend to be more expressive
The anxiety Phoebe experienced before her French test actually sharpened her ability to focus. This response is explained by the
yerkes-dodson law of arousal
River has been on and off four different diets in the past year, losing and then regaining weight. She now weighs more than she did when she began dieting a year ago. River is engaging in
yo-yo dieting
You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life, and you feel nauseated. Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
you have signs of meningitis. both you and your roommate should go to the health clinic immediately
All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT
your friend's level of stress
Exercise can improve mental health by
boosting self-esteem
Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits best demonstrate Katherine's positive
emotional health
Lisa is aware that her best friend, Kim, has a drinking problem. Lisa continually makes excuses for her and often completes Kim's homework to protect her from flunking out of school. Lisa's behaviors is an example of
enabling
Of the following lifestyle choices, the MOST helpful for reducing cardiovascular disease risk is to
engage in regular exercise
Symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following EXCEPT
excessive hunger
Which of the following is TRUE about nutrition and exercise during pregnancy?
exercise can be beneficial, but the woman should consult with her physician first
All of the following behaviors will compromise your immune system's ability to fight infections EXCEPT
exercising regularly
Many men are reluctant to have a vasectomy because of the
fear of decreased sexual performance
The results from an American College Health Association study indicate that most college students
feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?
feeling highly energetic
Which form of birth control involves alteration of sexual behavior during certain times of the month?
fertility awareness
Celia spends a good deal of her time feeling on edge, is easily fatigued, and often has difficulty concentrating and getting enough sleep. Her symptoms may characterize
generalized anxiety disorder
A man asks his office-mate to call 911 because he is experiencing tightness in his chest, pain in his left arm and shoulder, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Which condition is he likely experiencing?
heart attack
What role does exposure to sunlight during the day play in improving sleep?
it helps to regulate the circadian rhythm
James lost his job and was unable to pay his rent. His frustration built to the point that he initiated a physical fight with a friend. James is displaying
reactive aggression
Leaving a diaphragm, tampon, or cervical cap in for an extended period of time increases the risk for
toxic shock syndrome
An important strategy for avoiding mold is to
use a dehumidifier in damp rooms
Risk for developing lung cancer caries among smokers die to all of the following EXCEPT
tolerance to nicotine
Which of the following provides a ready source of energy for daily activities?
carbohydrates
Vic is taking five classes and working 20 hours a week. He wants to get back into his former running program, but feels too pressed for time. Which of the following strategies might BEST help him overcome this obstacle?
he could read a textbook or listen to a lecture on his MP3 player while jogging on a treadmill
The ideal cholesterol ratio for an individual would include
high HDL and low LDL
Obesity is responsible for
more than 40% higher healthcare costs as compared to non-obese populations
All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT
tuning out a noisy student in the library
Before leaving for a party, Kristina took two "100% percent pure caffeine" pills containing 200 mg caffeine each. Which of the following is likely to happen at the party?
Kristina is likely to drink much more heavily than she would have if she had not taken the caffeine pills
Oral contraceptive pills are
about 91 percent effective at preventing pregnancy with typical use
Jade is pregnant. During a regular medical check-up, her physician discusses alcohol consumption. The physician will likely advise that she
abstain from alcohol during pregnancy
Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of
action
Middle-age weight gain is attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT
age-related appetite increase
Regular physical activity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
lower life expectancy
The two contraceptive methods most commonly used by college students are
male condoms and birth control pills
All the following are good sources of complex carbohydrates EXCEPT
milk
Which statement BEST summarized the association between exercise and improved immunity?
moderate-intensity exercise temporarily increases the number of white blood cells, thereby boosting immunity
Which of the following is TRUE about gambling addictions?
most compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement even more than from money
The primary care practitioner in your campus health clinic has a master's degree and is authorized to perform exams, conduct diagnostic tests, and in some states may also prescribe medications. He is a
nurse practitioner
Which of the following should be consumed daily as part of a heart-healthy diet?
plant sterols
According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance your well-being?
set realistic goals and pursue them with effort
According to experts, up to what percentage of trash is recyclable?
90 percent
Smokeless tobacco users
are significantly more likely to develop oral cancers than nonusers.
All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT
they can reproduce outside of cells
Some researchers believe that chronic sleep deficiencies can
increase the risk for type 2 diabetes
A person's exercise metabolic rate (EMR) will increase if he or she
increases the activity level from light to moderate
Which form of fat poses high risk for heart disease and cardiac-related death?
trans fat
A likely reason that people may be meaner online than in person is that
users cannot see the person with whom they are communicating
Taking responsibility for your health care includes all of the following EXCEPT
using over-the-counter medications to treat a sudden, serious illness
All of the following statements about the effects of chronic marijuana use are true EXCEPT:
vaping marijuana is associated with fewer adverse effects on the lungs than smoking marijuana
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to the health effects of smoking?
women who smoke are more likely to have fertility problems than non-smokers
Which factor would reduce the likelihood of your choosing a particular person as a partner?
your beliefs, attitudes, and values are significantly different
Which statement BEST summarizes what happens when particulate matter condenses in the lungs?
it forms tar, which is a thick, brownish sludge
Cultural beliefs that can be considered societal causes of violence include
objectifying women
Anxiety disorders are
the most common mental health problem in the United States
Jason doesn't see that his addiction to heroin is self-destructive. He is experiencing
denial
Chronic short sleep
increases risk for stroke
Using electronic devices before bed may disrupt sleep patterns for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the
beeping sounds they sometimes produce
What do preferred provider organizations (PPOs) and point of service (POS) plans have in common?
both allow patients to seek outside care but require patients to pay an extra cost
Air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act include all of the following EXCEPT
carbon dioxide
Stress has been associated with increased blood pressures and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for
cardiovascular disease
All of the following statements regarding cell phones are true EXCEPT
cell phone use has been proven to pose a clear risk of human tissue damage
Justin often engages in binge drinking on the weekends. This behavior puts him at risk for a dangerous sleep disorder in which the brain and the respiratory muscles do not communicate properly. It's known as
central sleep apnea
The last stage of liver disease that can result from years of heavy drinking is
cirrhosis
Over-the-counter drugs commonly abused by teens and young adults include
cough and cold medications and diet and sleep aids
Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption?
easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants
Regular exercise
improves concentration
Climate change is evidenced by which of the following?
increasingly extreme swings in precipitation levels over the last three decades
Which of the following is TRUE about major depression in college students?
international students are especially vulnerable to depression
Originally health insurance covered only hospital expenses. This coverage was then expanded to physician services and medications and other treatments. What effect did this type of coverage have on the medical system?
it encouraged doctors to provide more medical procedures for patients
Which of the six major outdoor air pollutants is a metallic element that is also a significant concern indoors?
lead
Paula maintained her normal weight during her freshman year in college. During her sophomore year, she moved into an apartment with two friends who are overweight. The three regularly enjoy high-calorie meals together, and Paula has gained more than twenty pounds. She wants to lose weight, but it seems as if, whenever she plans to prepare a healthful, low-calorie meal, her roommates come home with a box of pizza or take-out burgers and fries. What type of influence are her friends having on her behavior?
social undermining
Which of the following statements about intimate relationships is TRUE?
supportive intimate relationships are associated with a longer life span
Derrick frequently takes an over-the-counter stimulant weight loss drug just before heading to the gym for a workout, during which he typically consumes a 16-ounce energy drink. The interaction of the drugs in these products is MOST likely to be
synergistic
For an aerobic exercise such as a Latin dance class, which measurement would you use to confirm that you are working at 64 percent to 96 percent of you maximal heart rate for improved cardiorespiratory fitness?
target heart rate
Increases in the planet's temperature over the past few decades can be attributed to
the enhanced greenhouse effect
Miranda plays on the lacrosse team and knows that increasing her aerobic capacity will help her on the field. To determine her current aerobic capacity, the team's trainer will conduct a test in which Miranda will run on a treadmill for a designated time while measurements are taken. What will the measure of her aerobic capacity show?
the volume of oxygen her muscles consume during exercise
When choosing a health care provider, you should examine all of the following EXCEPT
their membership in local organizations such as country clubs or service clubs
Which of the following is TRUE about over-the-counter drugs?
they can be abused
The MyPlate graphic encourages Americans to make which of the following food groups the largest portion of their plate at each meal?
vegetables
High blood levels of this type of cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or cholesterol-clogged arteries
HDL
Jeff has been drinking a lot over the past few months, including frequent binges. His friends are concerned that this behavior puts him at risk for a condition that involves a potentially lethal blood alcohol concentration. Which condition is this?
alcohol poisoning
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning emotional health?
an emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others
Which of the following statements is TRUE with respect to the genetic risk for cancer?
an individual's risk of developing cancer is influenced by genetic as well as environmental and lifestyle factors
A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?
angina pectoris
Brett and Melissa have a very strong relationship in which they are able to give and receive emotionally without a fear of rejection or being hurt. This example demonstrates that they
are emotionally available in their relationship
Self-care involves all of the following EXCEPT
avoiding medication and taking a "tough it out" approach to illness
Melinda baked a piece of salmon for dinner. On the side, she had a large mixed-green salad topped with toasted walnuts. This meal is rich in
omega- 3 fatty acids
According to research, each of the following factors increases the risk of substance abuse among students EXCEPT
participation in college sports
If you have moved to a new town and want to find a provider you can see for annual wellness exams and the treatment of routine ailments, you are seeking a(n)
primary care practitioner