Pharm Ch 38 Prepu

A client, who is 42 years old and newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, has attended educational sessions to provide insight into the diagnosis. Which of the client's statements should prompt the nurse to provide further teaching?

"I'm disappointed, but I take some solace in the fact that I won't ever have to have insulin injections."

The nurse is discussing diabetes with a group of individuals who are at risk for the disease. Which statement by a participant indicates an understanding of the role of insulin in the disease?

"Insulin assists glucose molecules to enter the cells of muscle and fat tissues."

A client who began treatment for type 2 diabetes 8 months ago is now meeting with a diabetic nurse for a scheduled follow-up. How can the nurse best assess the client's glycemic control since beginning treatment?

Assess the most recent hemoglobin A1C levels.

A nurse is assigned to administer glargine to a patient at a health care facility. What precaution should the nurse take when administering glargine?

Avoid mixing glargine with other insulin.

A female client visits the health care provider's office after routine labs are drawn. The nurse notes that her A1C is 9. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Client's average blood glucose is above normal.

The nurse is educating a client who will be adding an injection of pramlintide to his insulin regimen. What information is most important for the nurse to share with this client to ensure safe medication administration?

Do not give pramlintide in the same site where insulin is administered.

Insulin binds with and activates receptors on cell membranes. Once insulin-receptor binding occurs, the membranes become highly permeable to glucose. Which action does this enable?

Entry of glucose into the cells

The nurse is administering an antidiabetic agent by subcutaneous injection within 60 minutes of the client's breakfast. Which agent would the nurse most likely be administering?

Exenatide

The nurse is explaining the action of exenatide to a patient. Which would the nurse include?

Increase in insulin resistance

When administering insulin, what would be most appropriate?

Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle for injection.

A nurse at a health care facility is assigned to administer insulin to the patient. Which intervention should the nurse perform before administering each insulin dose?

Inspect the previous injection site for inflammation.

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why the client cannot just take a pill. The nurse would incorporate what knowledge when responding to this client?

Insulin is needed because the beta cells of the pancreas are no longer functioning.

A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin?

It decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity.

After teaching a group of students about the various methods for the delivery of insulin, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which method as most commonly used for administration?

Subcutaneous injection

A client's current condition requires rapid reduction of blood sugar levels. Which type of insulin will have the most rapid onset of action?

insulin lispro

A nurse is preparing to administer a rapid-acting insulin. Which medication would the nurse most likely administer?

insulin lispro

Which would a nurse identify as an example of a sulfonylurea?

Glyburide

Which condition must be met in order for glyburide treatment to be effective?

The client must have functioning pancreatic beta cells.

Which factor would prohibit the administration of glipizide?

allergy to sulfonamides

A client with diabetes is undergoing testing for glycosylated hemoglobin. The nurse instructs the client that this test measures average blood glucose over what time period?

the past 3 or 4 months

When considering the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), what type of insulin can be administered intravenously?

regular

The nurse is caring for a client taking insulin. The nurse realizes the client is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia when the client displays:

weakness, sweating, and decreased mentation.

A client prescribed metformin is scheduled to undergo diagnostic testing with the administration of parenteral radiographic contrast media containing iodine. What fact should direct the nurse's plan of care for this client?

Metformin should be discontinued at least 48 hours before and after diagnostic tests that use contrast medias.

The nurse monitoring a client receiving insulin glulisine (Apidra) notices the client has become confused, diaphoretic, and nauseated. The nurse checks the client's blood glucose and it is 60 mg/dL (3.33 mmol/L). Which can a nurse give to treat a client with a hypoglycemic episode? (Select all that apply.)

Orange or other fruit juice Glucose tablets Hard candy

Which agent would a nurse expect to administer as a single oral dose in the morning?

Rosiglitazone

What statement would be appropriately included in the teaching concerning type 2 diabetes?

"Regular exercise makes your body better able to use the insulin it produces."

A female client is a newly diagnosed diabetic. She is a stay-at-home mother and responsible for meal planning and management of the home. What will the home care nurse teach this client? (Select all that apply.)

-Watch the client draw up and administer her insulin. -Assist the client in making menus that will meet the needs of both the client and the family. -Reinforce instructions on dealing with hypoglycemia.

The nurse is preparing to administer a mixture of 12 units regular insulin and 45 units NPH insulin to a client with a blood sugar of 378 mg/dL. After the nurse draws the medication into the syringe, what is the nurse's next action?

Check the dosage with another nurse.

The nurse is interviewing a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes four months ago. The client does not records glucometer readings but reports no concerns. What laboratory test does the nurse anticipate the health care provider will order for this client?

HbA1c

Which would be appropriate to include in teaching a client with type 2 diabetes?

It is possible with weight loss and exercise to discontinue the use of antidiabetic medication.

What is the expected action of sitagliptin on type 2 diabetes?

It slows the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones.

The two major classifications of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. What is a distinguishing characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

Lifelong exogenous insulin is required.

Which would be least appropriate when administering insulin by subcutaneous injection?

Massaging the site after removing the needle

After teaching a class about the various drugs used to control blood glucose, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies what as a biguanide?

Metformin

Heavy intake of which herb should be avoided by a client who is prescribed an antidiabetic medication?

garlic

When describing the effects of incretins on blood glucose control to a group of students, which would an instructor include?

increases insulin release

After reviewing information about different insulin preparations, a nursing student demonstrates understanding of the information when the student identifies which medication as an example of a long-acting insulin?

insulin glargine