Pharmacology II: OTC, Herbals, Vitamins, and Minerals
A nurse is caring for a client who has scurvy. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies should the nurse identify as the cause of the disease? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B3 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D
Rationale: C Vitamin C deficiency produces signs and symptoms of scurvy, such as delayed wound healing and capillary fragility.
A nurse is providing nutrition education to a client who has osteomalacia. The nurse should identify that this condition is caused by a deficiency in which of the following nutrients? a. Fluoride b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin D d. Phosphorus
Rationale: C. Osteomalacia, a softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization, results from a deficiency of vitamin D.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has anemia and a new prescription for liquid iron supplement. Which of the following information should the nurse reinforce in the teaching? SATA a. Add foods that are high in fiber to your diet. b. Rinse your mouth after taking the medication c. Expect stools to be green or black d. Take the medication with a glass of milk e. Add red meat to your diet
ANSWER: A B C Foods high in fiber can prevent constipation which can occur when taking iron supplements. Iron supplements can stain teeth when taken in a liquid form. Client should rinse mouth Dark green or black stools can occur when taking iron supplements. Client should anticipate. E. Red meats are high in iron and recommend to improve anemia when taken concurrently with iron supplements.
A nurse is caring for a client who has increased liver enzymes and is taking herbal supplements. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse report to the provider. a. Glucosamine b. Saw palmetto c. Kava d. St. John's wort
ANSWER: C chronic use or high doses of kava can cause liver damage, including severe liver damage
A nurse is assessing a client. Which of the following finding shut the nurse identify as an indication of protein-calorie malnourishment? (SATA) A. Gingivitis B. Dry, brittle hair C. Edema D. Spoon-shaped nails E. Pour wound healing
Answer B. Dry, brittle hair C. Edema E. Pour wound healing Dry, brittle hair that falls out easily sugges in adequate protein intake and malnutrition. Edema can occur when albumin levels are lower than the expected reference range and indicates Protein-calorie malnutrition. Adequate wound healing depends on the ingestion of sufficient protein, calories, water, vitamins (especially C and A), iron and zinc.
A nurse is completing a medication history for a client who reports using fish oil as a dietary supplement. Which of the following substances in fish oil should the nurse recognized as a health benefit to the client? A. Omega-3 fatty acids B. Antioxidants C. Vitamins A, D, and C D. Beta-carotene
Answer A. Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke by decreasing triglyceride levels.
A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing a client's medication history. The client asks the nurse if she should begin taking high-dose vitamins as she ages. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse provide about high doses of vitamin supplements. a. High doses of water-soluble vitamins enhance their therapeutic actions b. High doses of water-soluble vitamins can have adverse effects c. High doses of vitamin supplements are restricted to use during pregnancy d. Tolerance might develop, resulting in an increased vitamin need
Answer B High doses of vitamins can cause harm to the body. Any vitamin supplements consumed should not exceed the recommended dietary allowance. Elevated levels of vitamin A can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis and cause birth defects when taken during pregnancy. Excessive intake of beta-carotene can increase the risk of lung cancer in clients who smoke. In addition, an increased dose of vitamin E can increase the risk of death in clients who have chronic illnesses.
A nurse is caring for a client who reports using several herbal medicines. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Discourage the use of unregulated medications and supplements b. Verify the herbal supplements do not interact with medication the provider has prescription c. Tell the client to limit the number of herbal supplements to no more than 2 d. Describe the dangers of taking plant-derived medications and supplements
Answer B Many herbal products interact with other prescription and nonprescription medications. Valerian, for example, interacts with antihistamines as well as barbiturates and other sleep-promoting medications. The nurse should report any potential interactions to the provider
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a wound infection following abdominal surgery. To promote healing and fight infection, which of the following vitamins and minerals should the nurse plan to increase in the client's diet a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C and Zinc c. Calcium d. Vitamin k And Iron
Answer B The client's body needs both vitamin c and zinc to fight a wound infection. The client should receive a multivitamin and a mineral supplement of both these substances. In addition, vitamin E supplements also are needed to promote skin and wound healing.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a vitamin K deficiency. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? a. Irregular Bone Formation b. Abnormal Movements c. Blurred Vision d. Excessive Bruising
Answer D Rationale: The nurse should identify that excessive bruising can indicate bleeding under the skin. Vitamin K is needed by clotting factors to coagulate the blood. Therefore, a client who has a deficiency in vitamin K is at risk for excessive bruising and bleeding.
A nurse is completing medication reconciliation for an older adult client who is receiving multiple medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first. a. Clarify the client's list of medication with the pharmacist b. Compare the current list against the new medication prescriptions c. Investigate any discrepancies on the list d. Ask the client about any over-the-counter medications she is taking
Answer D The nurse should apply the nursing process priority-setting framework to plan client care and prioritize nursing actions. Each step of the nursing process builds on the previous step, beginning with an assessment or data collection. Before the nurse can formulate a plan of action, implement a nursing intervention, or notify the provider of a change in the clients status, the nurse must first collect adequate data from the client.
A nurse is reinforcing nutritional teaching with a client who is pregnant. Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client to increase in her daily diet? a. Iron b. Calcium c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K
Answer: A. Iron. Rationale: Iron supplements are recommended during pregnancy to promote adequate transfer of iron to the fetus and to support the expansion of the maternal RBC mass.
A nurse is caring for a client who requests information on the use of feverfew. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. " It is used to treat skin infections" b. "It can decrease the frequency of migraine headaches" c. "It can lessen the nasal congestion in the common cold" d. "It can relieve nausea of morning sickness during pregnancy"
Answer: B Rationale: Feverfew is used to decrease the frequency of migraine headaches, but it has not been proven to relieve an existing migraine headache.
A nurse is completing a review of a client's current medications. The client also reports taking a ginkgo biloba. Which of the following medications in contraindications for a client taking ginkgo biloba ? a. Acetaminophen b. Warfarin c. Digoxin d. Lisinopril
Answer: B Warfarin is contraindicated for a client taking ginkgo biloba because ginkgo biloba can suppress coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding or hemorrhages.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been taking a vitamin D supplement. Which of the following findings from the client's record should the nurse identify as a risk factor for developing vitamin D deficiency? a. Middle-age b. Obesity c. Dark-colored eyes d. Light-pigmented skin
Answer: B, Obesity The nurse should identify that a client who is obese is at risk for vitamin D deficiency. A screening can be prescribed to determine if a deficiency is present.
A nurse is performing a preoperative assessment of a client who is about to undergo an aneurysm clipping. The nurse should identify a risk for increased bleeding when the client reports taking which of the following dietary supplements? a. Soy b. Garlic c. Black cohosh d. Green tea
Answer: B. Garlic. Rationale: Many dietary supplements affect clotting or interact with other medications that affect clotting, thereby increasing the client's risk of bleeding. Examples of those dietary supplements include garlic, ginger, and ginkgo biloba. The nurse should notify the provider immediately about this potential risk
A nurse is assisting with the evaluation of a group of clients at a health fair to identify the need for folic acid therapy. Which of the following clients require folic acid therapy? (SATA) a. 12- year old child who has iron deficiency anemia b. 24- year old female client who has no health problems c. 44- year old client who has hypertension d. 55- year old client who has alcohol use disorder e. 35- year old client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus
Answer: B; D Rationale: B; The female client of childbearing age should take folic acid to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. D; The client who has alcohol use disorder can require folic acid therapy. Excess alcohol consumption leads to poor dietary intake of folic acid and injury to the liver.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about Osteoporosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse include to the teaching? A. "Cottage cheese is good source of calcium." B. "Increase your caffeine intake ". C. "Brisk walking will help prevent bone loss". D. "Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen will increase your risk of osteoporosis. "
Answer: C The nurse should encourage weight bearing exercises to help minimize bone loss in older adult clients. A sedentary lifestyle leads to a loss of minerals in the bones,especially calcium and phosphorus.
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient for the synthesis of clotting factors, which takes place in the liver. It is also the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin), an oral anticoagulant. The administration of vitamin K enhances the coagulation process, thus minimizing a patient's risk for excessive Pt asks the nurse for information about fat-soluble vitamins. What is the nurse's best response? A) "Fat-soluble vitamins are metabolized rapidly." B) "Fat-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the liver." C) "Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted slowly in urine." D) "Fat-soluble vitamins can never be toxic."
Answer: C) "Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted slowly in urine because they don't dissolve easily.
A nurse is caring for a client who reports diarrhea and abdominal cramps. The client tells the nurse, "I take a variety of vitamin supplements." The nurse should identify the client's manifestations as potential adverse effects of which of the following vitamin supplements? A. Nicotinic Acid B. Oral thiamine C. Ascorbic acid D. Riboflavin
Answer: C. Ascorbic acid The nurse should identify manifestations such as nausea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea as potential adverse effects of ascorbic acid or vitamin C due to direct irritation of the intestinal mucosa
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of pernicious anemia. The nurse should expect the client's provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client? A. Ferrous Sulfate B. Epoetin Alfa C. Vitamin B12 D. Folic Acid
Answer: C. Vitamin B12 The nurse should expect the client's provider to prescribe vitamin B12 for pernicious anemia.
A nurse is caring for a client who takes warfarin 2.5 mg. PO daily and has an INR of 6.2. The nurse should anticipate a prescription from the provider for which of the following medications? A. Protamine Sulfate B. Fondaparinux C. Vitamin K D. Bivalirudin
Answer: C. Vitamin K Rationale: The nurse should anticipate the provider to prescribe vitamin K for a client who has an INR of 6.2. Vitamin K antagonizes warfarin's actions, which can reverse warfarin-induced inhibition of clotting factor synthesis.
A client who is pregnant tells the nurse that she is financially unable to buy the food and vitamins recommended during pregnancy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Explain to the client that improper nutrition could lead to birth defects in her baby. b. Instruct the client to return to the clinic for weekly weigh-ins for the remainder of the pregnancy. c. Provide the client with sample menus to promote nutritious meal preparation. d. Refer the client to a community resource that could assist with providing nutrition.
Answer: D Rationale: Federal and state programs are available to provide financial assistance that allows pregnant women and families with young children to purchase nutritious foods.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for phenelzine. Which of the following over-the-counter medications can cause a hypertensive crisis when taken concurrently with phenelzine? a. Acetaminophen b. Ranitidine c. Naproxen d. Pseudoephedrine
Answer: D Rationale: Pseudoephedrine interacts with MAOI medications and is therefore contraindicated. Ingesting products containing ephedrine along with phenelzine can precipitate a hypertensive crisis.
A nurse is assessing a client who was recently admitted and has a history of alcohol use disorder. The client displays ataxia, an altered level of consciousness, and nystagmus. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? a. Parenteral thiamine b. Niacin extended-release capsules c. Parenteral pyridoxine d. Riboflavin tablets
Answer: Parenteral thiamine. Rationale: The nurse should identify that a client who has a history of alcohol use disorder and displays ataxia, an altered level of consciousness, and nystagmus is exhibiting manifestations of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome due to a thiamine deficiency. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate administering parenteral thiamine.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about nutritious diets to a group of adult women. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Include at least 3g of sodium in your diet B. Limit wine consumption to 230 mL daily C. Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet D. Limit water intake to 1.5 L daily
C. Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet
A nurse is providing discharge instructions about calcium supplements to an older adult female client who has osteoporosis and recently underwent a repair of a fracture in her right hip. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. "You should take your calcium supplement with a large glass of water" b. "You should increase your intake of grain cereals while taking calcium supplements." c. "You should take at least 2600mg of calcium supplements daily." d. "You will not need to take vitamin D with your calcium supplement after menopause."
Correct Answer: A. "You should take your calcium supplement with a large glass of water" The nurse should instruct the client to take calcium supplements with a large glass of water with or after meals to promote absorption of the supplement.
A nurse is educating a client who is taking iron supplements about foods which aid in iron absorption. Which of the following foods is the best choice for the client to make? a. baked potato b. 1/2 cup orange juice c. 1/2 cup low fat mild d. 2 cups boiled green beans
Correct Answer: b. 1/2 cup orange juice
A nurse is performing a reconciliation of a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? Review the medications the client is taking at home and compare the list with the medications the client is taking in the facility. Compare any new medication prescription with the client's current list of medications. Obtain a list of the client's current medications, including those that are over-the-counter Provide the current and accurate medication list to all of the client's health care providers.
Correct answer: C Rational: According to evidence-based practice, when completing a medication reconciliation, the nurse should first obtain a current, complete, and accurate list of any medications the client is taking. This should include over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking levothyroxine to treat hypothyroidism and has a new prescription for a client supplement. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. The calcium supplement will enhance the effect of the levothyroxine. B The calcium supplement will accelerate the metabolism of the levothyroxine. C. Take the medications together at 1700 for greatest effect. D. Take the calcium supplement 4 hours apart from taking the levothyroxine.
Correct answer: D. Take the calcium supplement 4 hours apart from taking the levothyroxine. Levothyroxine should be taken first thing in the morning on an empty stomach, and the calcium supplement should be taken at least 4 hours later. Food or supplements contain iron, magnesium, or zinc also bind to levothyroxine and prevent complete absorption of the medication.
A nurse is caring for a client who has osteoporosis and has been taking a vitamin D supplement. The nurse notes that the client reports also taking a multivitamin daily, which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client might be experiencing vitamin D toxicity a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypermagnesemia c. Hypercalcemia d. Hypernatremia
Rational-C - The nurse should identify that vitamin D increases plasma calcium levels by increasing reabsorption from bone, decreasing excretion by the kidneys and increasing absorption from the intestines. Clients who take a vitamin D supplement along with a multivitamin daily might be taking too much calcium.
The nurse is evaluating the patients understanding of how to decrease the risk of developing heart disease. Which would be the correct response made by the patient to the nurse? a. "I will take a daily dose of folic acid and vitamin B6 and B12" b. "I will take folic acid every other day" c. "I will take calcium supplement daily with meals" d. "There are currently no vitamins or minerals available to decrease my risk of developing heart disease"
Rationale: A. "I will take a daily dose of folic acid and vitamin B6 and B12" Folic acid and Vitamins B6 and B12 have been shown to reduce homocysteine levels. Modestly elevated homocysteine levels in the blood are a risk factor for heart disease.
The nurse is asked by a patient in the clinic if she should purchase and expensive brand-name multivitamin because the cheaper vitamin is not as good. Which would be the nurse's response to this patient? a. "Expensive is always better with any product you buy" b. "All vitamins are the same over the counter" c. "Costs and manufacturers claims don't mean proven effectiveness" d. "The cost is determined by the color and the amount of pills in the container"
Rationale: C. "Costs and manufacturers claims don't mean proven effectiveness" The costs for some products are high because of the claims made about their effectiveness, but not all such claims for vitamins and minerals have been proven.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a large wound healing by secondary intention. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following nutrients promotes wound healing? A. Vitamin B1 B. Calcium C. Vitamin C D. Potassium
Rationale: C. Vitamin C a diet high in protein and vitamin C is recommended because these nutrients promote wound healing.
A nurse is preparing to administer vitamin K IM to a newborn. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? a. Identify the injection site on the dorsogluteal muscle b. Apply sterile gloves prior to administration c. Insert the needle at a 30-degree angle d. Withdraw the needle quickly after administration
Rationale: D. The nurse should withdraw the needle quickly and place a dry gauze pad over the site. The nurse should then apply gentle pressure to minimize pain and bleeding at the site.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a deficiency in vitamin D. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend the client include in his diet? A. Whole Milk B. Chicken C. Oranges D. Dried peas
Rationale: Whole Milk... The fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K require fatty substances or tissues to be dissolved as well as the presence of the bile in the small intestine for absorption. Whole milk contains vit. A and K and is often fortified with vitamin D.
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should teach the client that which of the following vitamins can interfere with his medication? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: d. Vitamin K
RN is caring for a pt who is at 26 wks gestation and reports constipation. Which of the following responses by the RN is appropriate? a.) "You should drink 1 oz of mineral oil every morning." b.) "You should walk for at least 30 mins every day." c.) "You should eat at least 3 oz of red meat per day." d.) "You should stop taking your prenatal vitamin."
A/R: "You should walk for at least 30 mins every day." ---- The RN should encourage the pt to participate in moderate physical activity, such as walking or swimming, every day. This activity increases intestinal peristalsis, which will help alleviate constipation.
You are taking a diet history from a patient who has a vitamin B12 deficiency from pernicious anemia. Which of the following foods demonstrates understanding of an appropriate dietary choice for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Fermented cheeses such as Camembert b. Organ meats, such as liver or kidneys c. Shellfish, such as clams or scallops d. Whole grain foods such as barley e. Leafy greens, such as spinach f. Nonfat milk
ANS: A, B, C, F Food sources of B12 include organ meats, clams and oysters; nonfat dry milk; fermented cheese such as Camembert and Limburger; and seafood such as lobster, scallops, flounder, haddock, swordfish, and tuna.
The teaching plan for a patient with vitamin B6 deficiency includes eating foods high in vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Which foods would you recommend the patient include in his/her diet? (Select all that apply.) a. Eggs b. Liver c. Bananas d. Soybeans e. Orange juice f. Whole grain breads
ANS: A, B, D, F Food sources of vitamin B6 include yeast, wheat, corn, egg yolk, liver, kidney, and muscle meats, soybeans, cereals, whole grain bread, and soybeans. Limited amounts are available from milk and vegetables.
You are caring for a patient with a suspected vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency. What symptoms would you expect to see in this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. Sore throat b. Low blood counts c. Upper quadrant abdominal pain d. Burning of the tongue and lips e. Cracks in the corners of the mouth f. Confusion and short-term memory loss
ANS: A, D, E Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency may include cracks in the corner of the mouth, soreness and burning of the tongue and lips, and sore throat.
You are teaching a patient about taking over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which important safety information should you include in your teaching plan? a. "OTC drugs will only maintain their potency months after the expiration date." b. "OTC drugs often interact with other drugs, and with food or alcohol" c. "Be sure to take all the pills in the bottle." d. "Adjust the dosage to your specific needs."
ANS: B OTC drugs often interact with other drugs, and with food or alcohol, or they might affect other existing health problems the patient has. Ask a pharmacist or the healthcare provider if you are unsure. Also, the health care professional must be aware of all over-the-counter drugs being taken because of the dangers of interaction.
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the client? a. Calcium chloride b. Calcium gluconate c. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) d. Large doses of vitamin D
Answer: C. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) Rationale: The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium concentration.
A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are pregnant about vitamin K for newborns. Vitamin K helps prevent which of the following conditions in a newborn? a) Altered carbohydrate metabolism b) Hyperbilirubinemia c) Intracranial hemorrhage d) Hypoglycemia
Answer: C. Intracranial hemorrhage Rationale: Vitamin K, which is necessary for blood clotting, is produces by the action of bacteria in the gastrointestinal system. A newborn's gastrointestinal system is sterile and there fore deficient in vitamin K at birth. It needs to be supplemented to protect the newborn from bleeding until the gastrointestinal system is colonized with flora.
A nurse is caring for a client who has osteoporosis and a new prescription for calcium supplements. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to promote calcium absorption? a. Fortified milk b. Ripe bananas c. Steamed broccoli D. Green Leafy vegetables
Correct Answer and rationale: A. Fortified milk (Fortified milk provides 2.45mcg of vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract. Adults up to age 70 need 600 international units of vit D per day and 800 international units thereafter. Therefore, fortified milk is a good source of vitamin D.
A nurse is presenting an in-service session about nutrition. Which of the following simple sugars should the nurse identify as the carbohydrate found in milk? A. Lactose B. Sucrose C. Maltose D. Fructose
Correct Answer: A. Lactose The nurse should identify that lactose is a form of sugar that is found in milk. Incorrect Answers: B. Sucrose is table sugar. It is also found in fruits and vegetables. C. Maltose is found in germinating cereals such as barley. D. Fructose is found in honey and fruit.
A nurse is caring for a 16-year old client who reports dysmenorrhea and asks about alternative therapies for treatment. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Herbal medication can be effective but should be monitored by your provider." b. "You should place a cold compress on your lower abdomen to decrease inflammation." c. "You should limit exercise which can increase the pain." d. "Avoid touching the painful areas because this can increase your discomfort."
Correct Answer: A Rational: Herbal medicine may be helpful in relieving menstrual pain. However, there is a risk of toxicity and drug interactions if herbal medicine is taken in the wrong doses or with other medication and documents the dose and effects.
A nurse is planning an in-service training session regarding nutrition. Which of the following minerals should the nurse identify as involved in oxygen transportation? a. Zinc b. Iron c. Phosphorus d. Magnesium
Correct Answer: B. Iron Rationale: Iron transport oxygen by means of hemoglobin and myoglobin. It is also a component of enzyme systems.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of parents of toddlers about measures to reduce the risk of choking. Which of the following foods should the nurse increase the risk of choking in toddlers? (Select all that apply.) a. Hot dogs b. Grapes c. Bagels d. Marshmallows e. Graham crackers
Correct Answers: A. Hot dogs B. Grapes C. Bagels D. Marshmallows Foods that are tubular or circular in shape such as hot dogs and grapes increase the risk of choking because they can completely block the throat when swallowed whole due to their shape and solidity. Foods that are hard to chew such as bagels and marshmallows can block the airway if swallowed before they are adequately chewed. Incorrect Answer: E. All foods and fluids can potentially cause choking. However, graham crackers become soft quickly when mixed with saliva. Their consistency when wet is more like cooked cereal or soft cookies soaked in milk. Therefore, graham crackers do not pose an increased choking hazard for toddlers.
A nurse is caring for a client who takes ginkgo biloba daily at home. Which of the following effects should the nurse expect from the use of this herbal supplement? A. Decreased platelet aggregation B. Prevention of migraine headaches C. Increased risk of deep-vein thrombosis D. Lowered cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Correct answer - A Rationale - Ginkgo biloba can decrease platelet aggregation by inhibiting the ability of platelets to clump together. The nurse should discuss the potential increase in bleeding tendencies when taking ginkgo biloba and other antiplatelet aggregates such as NSAIDs and clopidogrel.
A nurse is teaching a female client about vitamin A supplementation. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching. A. "Vitamin A supplements are usually prescribed during pregnancy. " B. "Vitamin A can be taken in high doses because it is water-soluble. " C. "Vitamin A is encouraged for women who have osteoporosis." D. "A deficiency of Vitamin A can cause night blindness."
D. " A deficiency of Vitamin A can cause night blindness." The nurse should identify that vitamin A is required for dark light adaptation. When a client has deficiency of vitamin A, night blindness is often the first sign. As the deficiency continues, other eye conditions can arise such as dry and thickened conjunctiva and degeneration of the cornea.
A client receiving vitamin K MOST likely has which abnormal clinical finding? A. Diarrhea B. Seizure activity C. Sudden severe confusion D. Altered coagulation studies
D. Altered coagulation studies
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item? a. Milk b. Water c. Apple juice d. Orange juice
D. Orange juice Rationale: Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple juice.
