PHI Exam 1 part 1

(Q011) To a cultural relativist, when someone says, "Capital punishment is wrong," what is that person really saying?

"My culture says that capital punishment is wrong."

(Q014) Cultural relativism applies only when considering cultures from countries other than one's own

False

(Q015) Cultural relativists can consistently claim that tolerance of other cultures is morally right everywhere.

False

(Q015) Feelings do not play an important role in our moral experience.

False

(Q016) All norms are moral norms.

False

(Q018) Social reformers are always right in the view of a cultural relativist.

False

(Q018) There are never any good reasons for treating someone differently from the way we treat others.

False

(Q019) Religious moral codes typically provide clear and direct answers to all moral questions.

False

(Q020) All major religious thinkers have accepted the divine command theory.

False

Mary Midgley strongly supports moral isolationism because it allows for moral reasoning.

False

(Q012) Which of the following is a reason that religious believers need to do ethics?

Religious rules of conduct sometimes conflict with each other or with our beliefs.

(Q002) Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the disadvantages of trying to avoid doing ethics?

You will not really be in control of your own choices, and you will run a risk of being lost if your moral beliefs do not answer certain questions.

(Q003) Cultural relativists would say that if an action is morally right in one culture

it can be morally wrong in another culture.

Q005) Even if the basic argument for cultural relativism fails, it is an appealing doctrine to many people because

it seems to promote tolerance toward other cultures.

Q005) Which field would study the following question: "What does it mean for an action to be wrong?"

metaethics

(Q004) Which field studies the moral principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions and judgments?

normative ethics

(Q012) Which view says that an action may be morally right for a person even if no one, even the person himself, approves of it?

objectivism

(Q006) If you believe that some moral principles are valid for everyone, regardless of culture or moral outlook, you subscribe to

objectivism.

(Q002) An emotivist would call a moral disagreement about abortion

a disagreement in attitude.

(Q001) According to emotivism, if someone says, "No one should eat meat," that person is

expressing his/her emotions

(Q009) Which view holds that there is no objective morality and that cultural norms do not make something right or wrong but rather that individuals do?

subjective relativism

(Q009) What is the dominance of moral norms?

that moral norms override nonmoral norms when there is a conflict.

(Q014) Which of the following BEST summarizes the Euthyphro dilemma that Socrates raises for divine command theory?

Either actions are morally right because God wills them to be so, or God commands actions because they are right, and both options lead to problems for divine command theory.

(Q010) Which of the following statements BEST summarizes what the author describes as important features of ethics?

Ethics requires that we be able to give good reasons for our judgments, especially when we judge that two people should be treated differently.

(Q004) Which of the following is true according to subjective relativism?

I cannot be mistaken about what is morally right for me.

(Q006) What does it mean if something is instrumentally valuable?

It is a means to obtaining something intrinsically valuable.

(Q013) A cultural relativist will agree with this statement: "It is morally permissible to smoke marijuana in Amsterdam if the culture of Amsterdam approves of it."

True

(Q016) Emotivists believe that moral judgments are about feelings rather than the truth or falsity of moral statements

True

(Q017) Many great religious thinkers have relied on reason to understand the truths of morality.

True

(Q017) Nothing is truly good or bad, according to emotivists.

True

(Q019) The statement "Shoplifting is wrong" attempts to influence others' attitudes about shoplifting, according to emotivists.

True

According to Christopher Phillips, the Socratic Method "compels us to explore alternative perspectives, asking what must be said for or against each".

True

(Q007) If I say that violence is never morally permissible, and you say that violence is sometimes morally permissible, then which statement is true according to subjective relativism?

We are not having a moral disagreement.

(Q008) If you and I belong to the same culture, and I say capital punishment is always wrong, whereas you say capital punishment is sometimes right, which statement is true according to cultural relativism?

We can resolve our disagreement through an opinion poll.

(Q007) Assume that human life is intrinsically valuable. Which of these conclusions is BEST supported by that assumption?

Whatever helps humans stay alive is instrumentally valuable.

Q008) The principle of universalizability demands that a moral statement that applies to one situation must apply in

all other situations that are relevantly similar.

(Q010) Which view says that moral judgments ascribe moral properties to actions or people and are statements that can be true or false?

cognitivism

(Q001) Ethics, or moral philosophy, is

the philosophical study of topics such as right and wrong, good and bad.

(Q003) What is descriptive ethics?

the scientific study of moral beliefs and practices

Which of the following is required by the principle of impartiality?

to justify any discriminatory treatment by providing morally relevant differences