Phychology exam 4

Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine?

A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.

Aappears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, emply, and hopeless

A psychological disorder is a ________.

Abnormal behavior pattern characterized by disturbances in behavior, thinking, perceptions, or emotions that are associated with significant personal distress or impaired functioning

Janet has an intense fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong. As a result of this fear, she often stays home and frequently misses work. What is her diagnosis?

Agoraphobia

What is the anxiety disorder that you fear and avoid places or situations which might cause you panic?

Agoraphobia

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?

Antisocial personality disorder

Which category of disorders are characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety and by related disturbances in behavior?

Anxiety disorder

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to _______.

Aversion conditioning

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

Aversive conditioning

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

Behavior

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Behavior therapy

Which type of therapy uses biological treatments to change behavior. These approaches include medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments?

Biochemical therapy

The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

Biological

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

Biological; psychological

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

Biomedical

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________.

Biomedical therapy

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ______ personality disorder.

Borderline

Who developed client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

Confidentiality

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

Dissociative fugue

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

Dissociative identity

A treatment for severe depression in which an electric shock is delivered to the patient, resulting in a seizure of the body and the release of a flood of neurotransmitters in the brain, is called____________.

Electroconvulsive shock therapy

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Helen thinks the television is talking to her. It tells her the university police are out to get her. Because Helen has schizophrenia, she is mostly experiencing a(n) ________.

Hallucination

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to halpe clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious

During dream analysis, Freud would interpret __________________ of the dream refers to be the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder.

Latent content

Carl Rogers believed that ____________________________ was the cause of most personal problems.

Mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

What is the technique of learning new behavior through the observation and imitation of others?.

Modeling

________ has been used successfully in helping children who have a fear of going to the dentist, social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and phobias.

Modeling

A person who has no regard for other people and may willingly cause harm to others for personal benefit is possibly experiencing ________________.

Narcissism

People with behaviors similar to the evil queen may experience ___________________ due to their inflated sense of self importance, obsession with self, lack of empathy for others, and a deep need for admiration.

Narcissism

Like the White Rabbit, a person with __________________________ has unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to excessive and repetitive behaviors

OCD

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

Obsessive-compulsive

The virtual reality treatment shown in the video is a good example of what type of treatment discussed in your textbook?

PTSD

Which type of therapy emphasizes people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathetic therapist?

Person-centered

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

Play therapy

Winnie the Pooh is diagnosed with a Binge Eating Disorder. Why isn't he diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa?

Pooh keeps eating and does not do anything after to compensate for what he ate

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through techniques called free association, resistance, and transference. What type of therapy is this?

Psychoanalytic

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

What type of therapy involves talking things out with a trained and educated professional?

Psychotherapy

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

Psychotic

What is the goal of systematic desensitization?

Relax individuals in the presence of a feared object or situation

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

Schizophrenia

Who developed the therapeutic approach called psychoanalysis?

Sigmund freud

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect?

The disorder can be triggered by the MMR vaccines

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Thoughts affect behavior

A client at a youth treatment center is rewarded for improved grooming habits with coupons he can exchange for special foods or weekend passes. This technique is called ______.

Token economy