Phycology Chapter 8 and 10

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

biological; social

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

What is the function of the Amygdala in memory processing?

determine what memories to store

Define gender dysphoria.

diagnostic category in DSM-5 describing individuals who do not identify as the gender that most people would assume they are, that causes emotional or physical destress

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

homeostasis

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

implicit

What is retrograde amnesia?

inability to remember information pre-trauma

What is anterograde amnesia?

inability to remember new information post trauma

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating?

leptin

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

What is the function of the Cerebellum in memory processing?

process procedural memories

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

retrograde

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

set point

What is the function of the Hippocampus in memory processing?

where new memories are encoded

Explain why an individual's sense of self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in motivating behavior.

Appreciation of our capacity to engage in a given behavior that will determine what we do and the future goals that we set for ourselves.

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Cerebellum

What are the three parts of the brain involved in memory processing?

Cerebellum, Hippocampus, Amygdala

What is the main idea of drive theory?

Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it?

Dr. Alfred Kinsey

A(n) ______ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings.

Emotion

In sequence from first to last, what are the four phases of the sexual response cycle identified by Masters and Johnson?

Excitement, Plateau, orgasm, resolution

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

Explicit memories

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

A(n) _______ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

Mood

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors:

Physiological and cognitive

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on _____________ because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory.

Recognition

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you won't forget it. This process is called ____________

Rehersal

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation?

Sexual orientation is something with which we are born.

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Provide a real world example of hindsight bias.

Taking a really bad test and thinking you failed it from the start

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

With bulimia you try to compensate for the large amount of food consumed but with binge eating disorder you do not.

What is an engram?

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

a habit