Physical Science
Be3P2 =
Beryllium phosphide
What would be the correct name for a compound between Magnesium and Sulfur?
Magnesium sulfide
Metalloids: Properties:
Metalloids: Sb, Te, Ge Properties: solids, semi-conductor
Metals: Properties of Metals:
Metals: Na, Al Properties of Metals: shiny, silvery
This element is in the alkaline earth metals group and has 3 energy levels. It must be ?
Mg
represents "magnesium reacting with chlorine to produce magnesium chloride"
Mg+CI2>MgCI2
the law of conservation of mass states
mass is not lost or created during a chemical change
MgO =
Magnesium oxide
what is the correct symbol for an isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons?
(12) C
In a chemical equation, the symbol that means dissolved in water is
(aq)
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?
-2
scientific notation: 1.17 x 10(-4)
.000117
the total number of electrons in the outer shell of a sodium atom is
1
Find the mass of a 50 mL volume of water if the density of water is 1 g/mL.
1 g/mL = m/50 (m=50 g)
Heating Curve of Water
1. soild 2. melting point 3. liquid 4. boiling point 5. gas
an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has a mass number of?
11
How many atoms of oxygen are represented in 2Ca(NO3)2?
12
the atomic number of magnesium is 12. therefore its nucleus must contain....?
12 proton and no electrons
rare earth elements are in the ___ column on the left
1st
scientific notation: 2,075,000
2.075 x 10(6)
_____ KClO3 > ____ KCl + ____ O2
2KClO3 > 2KCI + 3O2 (decomposition)
Potassium hydroxide reacts with copper (II) sulfate to make copper (II) hydroxide and potassium sulfate...
2KOH-1 + CuSO4-2 > Cu(OH)2-1 + K2SO4-2 (double)
__ Lici +____ Br2 > LiBr + ____ CI2
2LiCl+Br2>2LiBr+Cl2 (single)
____ N2 + ____ O2 > ____ N2O52
2N2 + 5O2 > 2N2O5 (synthesis)
the speed of light is approximately 3.0 x 10(8) m/s. how would this be written in standard notation?
300,000,000 m/s
58°C to K
331 K
____ Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 > _____ Ca3(PO4)2 + ____ H2O
3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4 > Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O (double)
scientific notation: 0.0041
4.1 x 10 (-3)
45 kg to g
45,000 g
an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has an atomic number of?
5
how many electrons will a neutral atom of carbon have if its nucleus has 6 protons and 8 neutrons?
6
What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?
7.89 x 10(10)
How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?
8
the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2nd shell of an atom of magnesium is
8
the number of electrons in the outer shell of a sodium atom is?
8
29°C to F
84.2 °F
scientific notation: 9.081 x 10(7)
90810000
Which element is mot likely to gain electrons in a chemical reaction? A. Kr B. K C. Br D. Ca
C. Br
which of the following elements would be the most reactive? A. iodine B. silicon C. fluorine D. argon
C. fluorine
____ CH4 + ____ O2 > _____ CO2 + ____ H2O
CH4+2O2 > CO2 + 2H2O (combustion)
which of the following is a correctly balanced chemical equation
CI2+2NaCI+I2
Which formula represents a substance that contains covalent bonds? A. LiCI B. CaCI2 C. K2O D. CO2
D. CO2
Which pair of atoms will combine with each other and form an ionic bond? A. C & O B. C & H C. Ca & Mg D. Ca & Br
D. Ca & Br
which of the following is a type of mixture? A. compound B. substance C. diatomic molecule D. colloid
D. colloid
which of the following is not a physical property? A. color B. odor C. state D. reactivity w/ oxygen
D. reactivity of oxygen
This element is in the same family as Br, but has fewer protons than Mg. It must be ?
Fluorine
states of matter chart
GAS
How does an atom of aluminum become an ion?
It loses 3 electrons
What is the SI unit for temperature?
Kelvin (K)
____ NaCI + ______ KOH > ____ NaOH + ____ KCI
NaCI+KOH > NaOH + KCI (balanced, double)
Nonmetals: Properties:
Nonmetals: H, Ar, F Properties: gases, poor conductors
Ernest Rutherford
Nuclear Model; Gold foil experiment allowed him to discover that the nucleus was the positively charged center of the atom surround by negatively charged electrons
what does P.A.S.S. stand for?
Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
This element is in period 6 and Group 18. It must be ?
Radon
Why do noble gases not form compounds?
Their outer energy levels are already filled so they don't need to bond with another element
the scattering of light as a beam passes through a colloids called the ______ effect.
Tyndall
Electron:
a subatomic particle with a negative charge
Define endothermic
absorption of heat
Two main points in the kinetic molecular theory
all things are made of small particles, and can be used to explain both Charles' and Boyle's Laws.
Dmirtri Mendeleev
arranged the elements on the periodic table based on atomic mass
Henry Mosely
arranged the elements on the periodic table based on atomic number
a flask containing molecules of gas A and a separate flask containing molecules of gas B are both at the same temperature. gases A and B must have equal.
average kinetic energy
a ________ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation
balanced
three examples of physical changes are
boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candle
in a reaction in which hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, which substances are the reactants
both hydrogen and oxygen
What is a similarity between ionic and covalent bonds?
both make the elements more stable
what is evidence that a physical change has occurred?
broken glass
substances that speed up chemical reactions are called
catalysts
physical or chemical change: burning popcorn
chemical
physical or chemical change: rusting of a fishing pole
chemical
physical or chemical property: ability to rot
chemical
physical or chemical property: flammability of a substance
chemical
acid rain causing decay of a statue or building is an example of?
chemical change
if something is burned, a _______ reaction has occurred
chemical reaction
what should you always do at the end of a lab?
clean up
the particles in a liquid are usually
closer together and lower in energy than those in a gas
To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the___
coefficients
the numbers that go before symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are
coefficients
what type of reaction is the following chemical reaction (CH3CH2OH+3O2>2CO2+3H20)
combustion
CaCO3 is an example of which type of matter?
compound
a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio?
compound
what cannot be separated by physical means?
compounds
? bonds form when elements share electrons.
covalent
The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons is called ?
covalent bond
which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical change
cutting paper
What is the volume of 72g of copper if copper has a density of 9 g/cm3?
d = 72/v = 9 (v=8cm3)
A piece of wood that measures 3 cm by 6 cm by 4 cm has a mass of 80 g. What is the density of the wood?
d = m/v = 80/72 = 1.11 (d=1.11g/cm3
what si the first thing you should always do before starting a lab?
listen to instructions
The properties of a compound are ______ the properties of the elements that form it.
different from
what is the process of separating substances in a mixture, such as salt and water, by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor?
distillation
Schrodinger and Heisenberg
electron cloud model; surrounding the nucleus is an electron cloud made of shells-electrons do not, however, travel in a fixed orbit
Niels Bohr
electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus of the atom
hydrogen, gold, and iron are all examples of?
elements
if energy must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is ______
endergonic
the farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more ? it has
energy
the farther and electron is from the nucleus, the more_____ it has.
energy
what word is represented by the word "period" on the periodic table?
energy levels
which term best describes when particles escape from the surface of a liquid and become gaseous?
evaporation
the amount of energy needed to change a material from the solid state to the liquid state is the heat of
fusion
Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a ____.
gas
in which phase of matter are the molecules of the substance farthest apart from each other?
gas
The air that you breathe is an example of ______ solution
gaseous
mrs james wanted to measure the volume of a liquid very precisely. what is the best lab equipment she could use to do this?
graduated cylinder
Bunsen burner
heat beakers
homo or hetero: hot cocoa with marshmallows
hetero
homo or hetero: trail mix
hetero
tongs:
hold hot beakers
homo or hetero: lemonade
homo
homo or hetero: saltwater
homo
homo or hetero: stainless steel
homo
homo or hetero: sweet tea
homo
mrs james blends lemons, sugar, and water in a pitcher. she has made a ?
homogeneous mixture
milk, paint, and mayonnaise are all examples of?
homogeneous mixtures
? bonds form when elements are transferred from one atom to another.
ionic
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
why is it advisable to use tongs when taking a beaker off a laboratory burner?
it allows you to move if it is too hot
why does an increase in temperature result in an increase in reaction rate
it causes an increase in the number of particle collisions
What is the SI unit for mass?
kilogram (kg)
the total # of neutrons in the nucleus of any atom is equal to the
mass number minus the atomic number
what is the name of the curve a liquid gets when in a graduated cylinder?
meniscus
What is the SI unit for length?
meter (m)
when 2 or more substances are physically combined, the result is a?
mixture
As a sample of matter is heated, its particles
move more quickly
Hyphen form:
name of element and mass #
Democritus
named the atom based on the greek word meaning indivisible
Anions are ions with a ? charge which means that they ? electrons.
negative; gain
which of the following is a transition metal? A. calcium B. nickel C. aluminum D. tellurium
nickel
atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table share the same?
number of valence electrons
Two different isotopes of an element have different
numbers of neutrons
two different isotopes of an element have the same
numbers of protons
boron, carbon, and oxygen are all members of the same____?
period
What would be the correct name for a compound between Phosphorus and Chlorine?
phosphorus chloride
physical or chemical change: boiling water
physical
physical or chemical change: inflating a tire
physical
physical or chemical property: density of an object
physical
physical or chemical property: mass
physical
Boiling water is an example of
physical change
The color of ink is a
physical property
the most common state of matter in the universe is
plasma
JJ Thomson
plum pudding model; atom is positive sphere with negatively charged particles evenly embedded throughout
Cations are ions with a ? charge, which means that they ? electrons.
positive; lose
A solid produced from 2 liquids in a double displacement chemical reaction is called a ?
precipitate
each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a
product
Ductile:
property of metals and alloys that allows them to be drawn into wires
Malleable:
property of metals and alloys that allows them to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
What is an atom's nucleus made of?
protons and neutrons
which particles determine the atomic number of an element
protons only
all of the actions below will increase the rate of a reaction EXCEPT
putting the substance in a refrigerator
a substance that is an ingredient in a chemical reaction is called a
reactant
Define exothermic
release of heat
What is the reason why atoms of sodium and chlorine attract each other in a salt crystal?
sodium has a positive charge and chlorine has a negative charge
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
solid
The symbol (s) written after a formula in a chemical equation stands for
solid
Dalton
solid sphere model; elements are atoms with different masses
______ is another name for homogeneous mixture.
solution
what observation does NOT indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?
state of matter change
Proton:
subatomic particle with a positive charge
Nuclear form:
symbol and mass #
which of the following liquids would be the most viscous? A. syrup B. water C. lemonade D. soda
syrup
If you chip or break glass, what should you do?
tell the teacher
Shelley accidentally drops a test tube and it shatters. what should she make sure to do?
tell the teacher and clean it up
Five factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions
temperature: higher the temp, the faster the reaction. pressure: the higher the pressure for the gases, the faster the reaction. catalysts: speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.
Electron cloud
the negatively charged area around the nucleus where the volume of the atom is located
an atom is neutral because
the numbers of protons and electrons are equal
Nucleus:
the positively charged center of the atom where most of the mass of the atom is located
Quarks:
the smallest known particles that make up protons and neutrons
Neutron:
the subatomic particle with no charge (electrically neutral)
when looking at the halogens on the periodic table, how does the number of valence electrons change as the energy level is increased?
the total number of valence electrons does not change. it remains a 7.
mortar & pestle:
to crush up substances into powder
safety goggles
to protect eyes from chemicals
which situation provides the best evidence that a chemical reaction is taking place
two solutions mixed in a beaker produce a solid
Erlenmeyer flask
used mostly with chemical reactions
The electrons that are lost, gained, or shared in chemical bonds are called?
valence electrons
the amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is the heat of
vaporization
