Physical Science

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Be3P2 =

Beryllium phosphide

What would be the correct name for a compound between Magnesium and Sulfur?

Magnesium sulfide

Metalloids: Properties:

Metalloids: Sb, Te, Ge Properties: solids, semi-conductor

Metals: Properties of Metals:

Metals: Na, Al Properties of Metals: shiny, silvery

This element is in the alkaline earth metals group and has 3 energy levels. It must be ?

Mg

represents "magnesium reacting with chlorine to produce magnesium chloride"

Mg+CI2>MgCI2

the law of conservation of mass states

mass is not lost or created during a chemical change

MgO =

Magnesium oxide

what is the correct symbol for an isotope of carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons?

(12) C

In a chemical equation, the symbol that means dissolved in water is

(aq)

What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?

-2

scientific notation: 1.17 x 10(-4)

.000117

the total number of electrons in the outer shell of a sodium atom is

1

Find the mass of a 50 mL volume of water if the density of water is 1 g/mL.

1 g/mL = m/50 (m=50 g)

Heating Curve of Water

1. soild 2. melting point 3. liquid 4. boiling point 5. gas

an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has a mass number of?

11

How many atoms of oxygen are represented in 2Ca(NO3)2?

12

the atomic number of magnesium is 12. therefore its nucleus must contain....?

12 proton and no electrons

rare earth elements are in the ___ column on the left

1st

scientific notation: 2,075,000

2.075 x 10(6)

_____ KClO3 > ____ KCl + ____ O2

2KClO3 > 2KCI + 3O2 (decomposition)

Potassium hydroxide reacts with copper (II) sulfate to make copper (II) hydroxide and potassium sulfate...

2KOH-1 + CuSO4-2 > Cu(OH)2-1 + K2SO4-2 (double)

__ Lici +____ Br2 > LiBr + ____ CI2

2LiCl+Br2>2LiBr+Cl2 (single)

____ N2 + ____ O2 > ____ N2O52

2N2 + 5O2 > 2N2O5 (synthesis)

the speed of light is approximately 3.0 x 10(8) m/s. how would this be written in standard notation?

300,000,000 m/s

58°C to K

331 K

____ Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 > _____ Ca3(PO4)2 + ____ H2O

3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4 > Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O (double)

scientific notation: 0.0041

4.1 x 10 (-3)

45 kg to g

45,000 g

an element with 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 8 electrons has an atomic number of?

5

how many electrons will a neutral atom of carbon have if its nucleus has 6 protons and 8 neutrons?

6

What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?

7.89 x 10(10)

How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable?

8

the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2nd shell of an atom of magnesium is

8

the number of electrons in the outer shell of a sodium atom is?

8

29°C to F

84.2 °F

scientific notation: 9.081 x 10(7)

90810000

Which element is mot likely to gain electrons in a chemical reaction? A. Kr B. K C. Br D. Ca

C. Br

which of the following elements would be the most reactive? A. iodine B. silicon C. fluorine D. argon

C. fluorine

____ CH4 + ____ O2 > _____ CO2 + ____ H2O

CH4+2O2 > CO2 + 2H2O (combustion)

which of the following is a correctly balanced chemical equation

CI2+2NaCI+I2

Which formula represents a substance that contains covalent bonds? A. LiCI B. CaCI2 C. K2O D. CO2

D. CO2

Which pair of atoms will combine with each other and form an ionic bond? A. C & O B. C & H C. Ca & Mg D. Ca & Br

D. Ca & Br

which of the following is a type of mixture? A. compound B. substance C. diatomic molecule D. colloid

D. colloid

which of the following is not a physical property? A. color B. odor C. state D. reactivity w/ oxygen

D. reactivity of oxygen

This element is in the same family as Br, but has fewer protons than Mg. It must be ?

Fluorine

states of matter chart

GAS

How does an atom of aluminum become an ion?

It loses 3 electrons

What is the SI unit for temperature?

Kelvin (K)

____ NaCI + ______ KOH > ____ NaOH + ____ KCI

NaCI+KOH > NaOH + KCI (balanced, double)

Nonmetals: Properties:

Nonmetals: H, Ar, F Properties: gases, poor conductors

Ernest Rutherford

Nuclear Model; Gold foil experiment allowed him to discover that the nucleus was the positively charged center of the atom surround by negatively charged electrons

what does P.A.S.S. stand for?

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

This element is in period 6 and Group 18. It must be ?

Radon

Why do noble gases not form compounds?

Their outer energy levels are already filled so they don't need to bond with another element

the scattering of light as a beam passes through a colloids called the ______ effect.

Tyndall

Electron:

a subatomic particle with a negative charge

Define endothermic

absorption of heat

Two main points in the kinetic molecular theory

all things are made of small particles, and can be used to explain both Charles' and Boyle's Laws.

Dmirtri Mendeleev

arranged the elements on the periodic table based on atomic mass

Henry Mosely

arranged the elements on the periodic table based on atomic number

a flask containing molecules of gas A and a separate flask containing molecules of gas B are both at the same temperature. gases A and B must have equal.

average kinetic energy

a ________ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation

balanced

three examples of physical changes are

boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candle

in a reaction in which hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water, which substances are the reactants

both hydrogen and oxygen

What is a similarity between ionic and covalent bonds?

both make the elements more stable

what is evidence that a physical change has occurred?

broken glass

substances that speed up chemical reactions are called

catalysts

physical or chemical change: burning popcorn

chemical

physical or chemical change: rusting of a fishing pole

chemical

physical or chemical property: ability to rot

chemical

physical or chemical property: flammability of a substance

chemical

acid rain causing decay of a statue or building is an example of?

chemical change

if something is burned, a _______ reaction has occurred

chemical reaction

what should you always do at the end of a lab?

clean up

the particles in a liquid are usually

closer together and lower in energy than those in a gas

To balance a chemical equation, it may be necessary to adjust the___

coefficients

the numbers that go before symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are

coefficients

what type of reaction is the following chemical reaction (CH3CH2OH+3O2>2CO2+3H20)

combustion

CaCO3 is an example of which type of matter?

compound

a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio?

compound

what cannot be separated by physical means?

compounds

? bonds form when elements share electrons.

covalent

The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons is called ?

covalent bond

which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical change

cutting paper

What is the volume of 72g of copper if copper has a density of 9 g/cm3?

d = 72/v = 9 (v=8cm3)

A piece of wood that measures 3 cm by 6 cm by 4 cm has a mass of 80 g. What is the density of the wood?

d = m/v = 80/72 = 1.11 (d=1.11g/cm3

what si the first thing you should always do before starting a lab?

listen to instructions

The properties of a compound are ______ the properties of the elements that form it.

different from

what is the process of separating substances in a mixture, such as salt and water, by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor?

distillation

Schrodinger and Heisenberg

electron cloud model; surrounding the nucleus is an electron cloud made of shells-electrons do not, however, travel in a fixed orbit

Niels Bohr

electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus of the atom

hydrogen, gold, and iron are all examples of?

elements

if energy must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is ______

endergonic

the farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more ? it has

energy

the farther and electron is from the nucleus, the more_____ it has.

energy

what word is represented by the word "period" on the periodic table?

energy levels

which term best describes when particles escape from the surface of a liquid and become gaseous?

evaporation

the amount of energy needed to change a material from the solid state to the liquid state is the heat of

fusion

Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a ____.

gas

in which phase of matter are the molecules of the substance farthest apart from each other?

gas

The air that you breathe is an example of ______ solution

gaseous

mrs james wanted to measure the volume of a liquid very precisely. what is the best lab equipment she could use to do this?

graduated cylinder

Bunsen burner

heat beakers

homo or hetero: hot cocoa with marshmallows

hetero

homo or hetero: trail mix

hetero

tongs:

hold hot beakers

homo or hetero: lemonade

homo

homo or hetero: saltwater

homo

homo or hetero: stainless steel

homo

homo or hetero: sweet tea

homo

mrs james blends lemons, sugar, and water in a pitcher. she has made a ?

homogeneous mixture

milk, paint, and mayonnaise are all examples of?

homogeneous mixtures

? bonds form when elements are transferred from one atom to another.

ionic

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

isotopes

why is it advisable to use tongs when taking a beaker off a laboratory burner?

it allows you to move if it is too hot

why does an increase in temperature result in an increase in reaction rate

it causes an increase in the number of particle collisions

What is the SI unit for mass?

kilogram (kg)

the total # of neutrons in the nucleus of any atom is equal to the

mass number minus the atomic number

what is the name of the curve a liquid gets when in a graduated cylinder?

meniscus

What is the SI unit for length?

meter (m)

when 2 or more substances are physically combined, the result is a?

mixture

As a sample of matter is heated, its particles

move more quickly

Hyphen form:

name of element and mass #

Democritus

named the atom based on the greek word meaning indivisible

Anions are ions with a ? charge which means that they ? electrons.

negative; gain

which of the following is a transition metal? A. calcium B. nickel C. aluminum D. tellurium

nickel

atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table share the same?

number of valence electrons

Two different isotopes of an element have different

numbers of neutrons

two different isotopes of an element have the same

numbers of protons

boron, carbon, and oxygen are all members of the same____?

period

What would be the correct name for a compound between Phosphorus and Chlorine?

phosphorus chloride

physical or chemical change: boiling water

physical

physical or chemical change: inflating a tire

physical

physical or chemical property: density of an object

physical

physical or chemical property: mass

physical

Boiling water is an example of

physical change

The color of ink is a

physical property

the most common state of matter in the universe is

plasma

JJ Thomson

plum pudding model; atom is positive sphere with negatively charged particles evenly embedded throughout

Cations are ions with a ? charge, which means that they ? electrons.

positive; lose

A solid produced from 2 liquids in a double displacement chemical reaction is called a ?

precipitate

each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a

product

Ductile:

property of metals and alloys that allows them to be drawn into wires

Malleable:

property of metals and alloys that allows them to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

What is an atom's nucleus made of?

protons and neutrons

which particles determine the atomic number of an element

protons only

all of the actions below will increase the rate of a reaction EXCEPT

putting the substance in a refrigerator

a substance that is an ingredient in a chemical reaction is called a

reactant

Define exothermic

release of heat

What is the reason why atoms of sodium and chlorine attract each other in a salt crystal?

sodium has a positive charge and chlorine has a negative charge

Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a

solid

The symbol (s) written after a formula in a chemical equation stands for

solid

Dalton

solid sphere model; elements are atoms with different masses

______ is another name for homogeneous mixture.

solution

what observation does NOT indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?

state of matter change

Proton:

subatomic particle with a positive charge

Nuclear form:

symbol and mass #

which of the following liquids would be the most viscous? A. syrup B. water C. lemonade D. soda

syrup

If you chip or break glass, what should you do?

tell the teacher

Shelley accidentally drops a test tube and it shatters. what should she make sure to do?

tell the teacher and clean it up

Five factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions

temperature: higher the temp, the faster the reaction. pressure: the higher the pressure for the gases, the faster the reaction. catalysts: speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction.

Electron cloud

the negatively charged area around the nucleus where the volume of the atom is located

an atom is neutral because

the numbers of protons and electrons are equal

Nucleus:

the positively charged center of the atom where most of the mass of the atom is located

Quarks:

the smallest known particles that make up protons and neutrons

Neutron:

the subatomic particle with no charge (electrically neutral)

when looking at the halogens on the periodic table, how does the number of valence electrons change as the energy level is increased?

the total number of valence electrons does not change. it remains a 7.

mortar & pestle:

to crush up substances into powder

safety goggles

to protect eyes from chemicals

which situation provides the best evidence that a chemical reaction is taking place

two solutions mixed in a beaker produce a solid

Erlenmeyer flask

used mostly with chemical reactions

The electrons that are lost, gained, or shared in chemical bonds are called?

valence electrons

the amount of energy needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas is the heat of

vaporization


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