Physics 1 Final Exam

A mass on the end of a spring undergoes simple harmonic motion. At the instant when the mass is at its equilibrium position, what is its instantaneous acceleration?

0

A person applies a 50 N force on a crate, causing it to move horizontally at a constant speed through a distance of 10 m. What is the net work done on the crate?

0 J

An object weighing 20 N moves horizontally toward the right a distance of 5.0 m. What is the work done on the object by the force of gravity?

0 J

At what angle, above the horizon, should a cannon be fired in order for the cannon ball to obtain the greatest horizontal range? Assume air resistance is negligible.

45 degrees above the horizon

Suppose we replace the mass in the video with one that is four times heavier. How far from the free end must we place the pivot to keep the meter stick in balance?

90 cm (10 cm from the weight)

A standing wave is established in an organ pipe that is closed at one end. What is located at the open and closed ends of the pipe?

A displacement antinode is located at the open end, and a displacement node is located at he closed end

Bernoulli's principle can be used to explain the lift force on an airplane wing. How must an airplane's wing be designed to ensure that Bernoulli's principle is applicable?

Airplane wings must be designed to ensure that air molecules move more rapidly over the top surface of the wing, creating a region of lower pressure

The crew of a cargo plane wishes to drop a crate of supplies on a target below. To hit the target, when should the crew drop the crate? Ignore air resistance.

Before the plane is directly over the target

A girl and a boy are riding on a merry-go-round that is turning at a constant rate. The girl is near the outer edge, and the boy is closer to the center. Who has greater angular displacement?

Both the girl and the boy have the same nonzero angular displacement

Once you have selected a coordinate system, you can express a two-dimensional vector using a pair of quantities known collectively as _____.

Coordinates

What happens to the period of a playground swing if you rise up from sitting to a standing position?

Decreases

What is the relationship between mass, volume, and density?

Density is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume

Velocity differs from speed in that velocity indicates a particle's _____ of motion.

Direction

Name 3 examples of vector quantities.

Displacement, velocity, acceleration

Speed differs from velocity in the same way that _____ differs from displacement.

Distance

Wavelength

Distance between any two points in the string at corresponding positions on successive repetitions in the wave shape

Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical. Thus, Earth actually gets closer to the Sun during part of the year. What happens to Earth's orbital speed when it is closer to the Sun?

Earth's orbital speed is greater when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther from the Sun

T/F: The quantity represented by v_i is a function of time (i.e., is not constant).`

False

T/F: The quantity represented by x_i is a function of time (i.e., is not constant).

False

Consider the following statement: The magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the amount of fluid that has the same total volume as the object. Under what circumstances is this statement true?

For an object completely submerged in a fluid

Consider the following statement: The magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the object. Under what circumstances is this statement true?

For an object that floats

Consider the following statement: The magnitude of the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object. Under what circumstances is this statement true?

For an object that sinks

Consider the following statement: The magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by the object. Under what circumstances is this statement true?

For every object submerged partially or completely in a fluid

Consider the video you just watched. Suppose we replace the original launcher with one that fires the ball upward at twice the speed. We make no other changes. How far behind the cart will the ball land, compared to the distance in the original experiment?

Four times as far

What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a bicycle tire called?

Gauge pressure

Wave frequency

Given by the frequency of oscillation of the particles in the string

The experimenter from the video rotates on his stool, this time holding his empty hands in his lap. You stand on a desk above him and drop a long, heavy bean bag straight down so that it lands across his lap, in his hands. What happens?

He spins slower

A strong wind blows over the house shown in the figure. The wind is much stronger over the house's roof than lower down, and the house has an open chimney. A window on the ground floor is open, and so are the doors inside the house. Which way will air flow through the house?

In the window and out the chimney because air pressure is lower at the chimney and higher outside the window

Two objects attract each other gravitationally. If the distance between their centers decreases by a factor of 2, how does the gravitational force between them change?

Increases by a factor of 4

Two objects attract each other gravitationally. If the mass of each object doubles, how does the gravitational force between them change?

Increases by a factor of 4

A mass on the end of a spring undergoes simple harmonic motion. At the instant when the mass is at its equilibrium position, what is its instantaneous velocity?

Instantaneous velocity is at its maximum

A vector has, by definition, both _____ and direction.

Magnitude

An object is lifted from the surface of a spherical planet to an altitude equal to the radius of the planet. As a result, what happens to the mass and weight of the object?

Mass remains the same; weight decreases

An object moves in a circular path at a constant speed. What is the direction of the net force acting on the object?

Net force is directed toward the center of the circular path

When are the displacement and acceleration vectors in the same direction?

Never

Person B does twice the work of person A, and in one-half of the time . How does the power output of person B compare to person A?

Person B has 4x the power output of person A

What is the relationship between area, force, and pressure?

Pressure is proportional to force and inversely proportional to area

For a projectile launched horizontally, which of the following best describes the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity? Assume air resistance is negligible.

Remains a nonzero constant

If you are shown a picture of streamlines in a flowing fluid, you can conclude that the __________ of the fluid is greater where the streamlines are closer together.

Speed

Wave speed

Speed of a wave on a string under tension; depends on the properties of the string alone

Name 2 examples of scalar quantities.

Speed, distance

What happens to the tension in the string if the Ping-Pong ball is replaced by a smaller spherical object of equal weight?

Tension decreases

Salt is now added to the water in the bucket, increasing the density of the liquid. What happens to the tension in the string ?

Tension increases

The same net force is applied to two different objects. The second object has twice the mass of the first object. Compare the acceleration of the two objects.

The acceleration of object 1 is twice the acceleration of object 2

Which ball (if either) has the greatest speed at the moment of impact, a ball thrown horizontally or a simply dropped ball?

The ball thrown horizontally because of its additional velocity component

Consider the video demonstration that you just watched. A more complete explanation of what you saw will be possible after covering Newton's laws. For now, consider the following question: How would the result of this experiment change if we replaced the ball with another one that had half the mass? Ignore air resistance.

The ball would still land in the cart regardless of its mass

A girl and a boy are riding on a merry-go-round that is turning at a constant rate. The girl is near the outer edge, and the boy is closer to the center. Who has greater linear speed?

The girl

Two identical balls are thrown vertically upward. The second ball is thrown with an initial speed that is twice that of the first ball. How does the maximum height of the two balls compare?

The max height of the second ball is 4x that of the first ball

If the net work done on an object is positive, what can you conclude about the object's motion?

The object is speeding up

A constant net torque is applied to a rotating object. Which of the following best describes the object's motion?

The object will rotate with constant angular acceleration

An object is floating in equilibrium on the surface of a liquid. The object is then removed and placed in another container, filled with a denser liquid. What would you observe?

The object would float submerged less deeply than in the first container

An object is floating in equilibrium on the surface of a liquid. The object is then removed and placed in another container, filled with a less dense liquid. What would you observe?

The object would sink all the way to the bottom; The object would float submerged more deeply than in the first container

If the net work done on an object is zero, what can you determine about the object's kinetic energy?

The object's kinetic energy remains the same

Which projectile spends more time in the air, the one fired from 30∘ or the one fired from 60∘?

The one fired from 60∘

A player kicks a soccer ball in a high arc toward the opponent's goal. When the soccer ball reaches its maximum height, how does its speed at this point compare to its initial speed? Assume air resistance is negligible.

The speed at its highest point is less than its initial speed

An object moves in a circular path at a constant speed. What is the relationship between the directions of the object's velocity and acceleration vectors?

The velocity and acceleration vectors are perpendicular

A jar is completely filled with water, and then it is sealed with a lid. If you push down on the lid with a pressure of 1000 Pa, what happens to the water pressure at the bottom of the jar?

The water pressure at the bottom of the jar will increase by 1000 Pa

Why does a satellite in a circular orbit travel at a constant speed?

There is no component of force acting along the direction of motion of the satellite

A girl and a boy are riding on a merry-go-round that is turning at a constant rate. The girl is near the outer edge, and the boy is closer to the center. Who has greater tangential acceleration?

They both have 0 tangential acceleration

The cans have essentially the same size, shape, and mass. Which can has more energy at the bottom of the ramp? Ignore friction and air resistance.

They both have the same energy

Two objects are moving at equal speed along a level, frictionless surface. The second object has twice the mass of the first object. They both slide up the same frictionless incline plane. Which object rises to a greater height?

They rise to the same height

T/F: The quantity represented by v(t) is a function of time (i.e., is not constant).

True

T/F: The quantity represented by x is a function that changes over time (i.e., is not constant).

True

Unlike speed, velocity is a _____ quantity.

Vector

How much work must be done to stop a 1250-kg car traveling at 125 km/h?

W = -7.54x10^5 J

A particle moves with constant acceleration a. the expression v_i + at represents the particles velocity at what instant in time?

When a time t has passed since the beginning of the particle's motion, when its velocity was v_i.

For a simple harmonic oscillator, when (if ever) are the displacement and velocity vectors in the same direction?

While the oscillator is moving away from its equilibrium position

A ball is thrown straight upward. How does the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball is traveling upward compare with the sign of the work done by gravity while the ball is traveling downward?

Work done by gravity is negative while the ball is traveling upward and positive while the ball is travelling downward

A graph depicts force versus position. What represents the work done by the force over the given displacement?

Work done is equal to the area under the curve

Which of the following statements are true? a. The pitch of a sound is determined by its frequency. b. Sound can travel through a vacuum. c. The loudness of a sound is related it its amplitude. d. Sound is a transverse wave. e. The speed of sound is constant.

a & c

Which of the following quantities would be acceptable representations of weight? a. 12.0 lb b. 0.34 g c. 120 kg d. 1600 kN e. 0.34 m f. 411 cm

a. 12 lb d. 1600 kN

Consider the video demonstration that you just watched. Which of the following changes could potentially allow the ball on the straight inclined (yellow) track to win? Ignore air resistance. a. Increase the tilt of the yellow track b. Make the downhill and uphill inclines on the red track less steep, while keeping the total distance traveled by the ball the same c. Increase the mass of the ball on the yellow track d. Decrease the mass of the ball on the red track

a. Increase the tilt of the yellow track

An object is moving in the absence of a net force. Which of the following best describes the object's motion? a. The object will continue to move with a constant velocity. b. The object will stop moving immediately and remain at rest until acted on by a net force. c. The object will speed up at a constant rate until it reaches a maximum speed. d. The object will slow down at a constant rate until coming to rest. e. The object will continue to move with a constant speed, traveling in a circular path.

a. The object will continue to move with a constant velocity

The SI base unit for mass is the _________. a. kilogram b. slug c. gram d. newton e. pound

a. kilogram

Which of the following quantities represent mass? a. 12.0 lb b. 0.34 g c. 120 kg d. 1600 kN e. 0.34 m f. 411 cm

b. 0.34 g c. 120 kg

Two objects, T and B, have identical size and shape and have uniform density. They are carefully placed in a container filled with a liquid. Both objects float in equilibrium. Less of object T is submerged than of object B, which floats, fully submerged, closer to the bottom of the container. Which of the following statements is true? a. Object T has a greater density than object B b. Object B has a greater density than object T c. Both objects have the same density

b. Object B has a greater density than object T

An object cannot remain at rest unless a. There are no forces at all exerted on it b. The net force exerted on it is zero c. The net force exerted on it is constant d. There is only one force exerted on it

b. The net force exerted on it is zero

How many millimeters are there in one meter? a. 10^6 b. 10^-6 c. 10^3 d.10^-3

c. 10^3

If a car is moving to the left with constant velocity, one can conclude that a. there must be no forces exerted on the car. b. the net force exerted on the car is directed to the left. c. the net force exerted on the car is zero. d. there is exactly one force exerted on the car.

c. The net force exerted on the car is zero

A constant net force acts on an object. Which of the following best describes the object's motion? a. The object is at rest; its position is constant b. The object is moving with a constant velocity c. The object is moving with a constant acceleration d. The object is moving with an increasing acceleration e. The object is moving with a decreasing acceleration

c. The object is moving with a constant acceleration

For general projectile motion, which of the following best describes the vertical component of a projectile's acceleration? Assume air resistance is negligible. a. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration is zero b. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration continually increases c. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration remains a nonzero constant d. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration continually decreases e. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration initially decreases and then increases

c. The vertical component of a projectile's acceleration remains a nonzero constant

For general projectile motion, which of the following best describes the horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration? Assume air resistance is negligible. a. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration initially decreases and then increases. b. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration continually decreases. c. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration continually decreases. d. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration is zero. e. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration remains a nonzero constant.

d. The horizontal component of a projectile's acceleration is zero

For general projectile motion, which of the following best describes the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity? Assume air resistance is negligible. a. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity initially decreases then increases b. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity continually decreases c. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity is zero d. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity remains a nonzero constant e. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity continually increases

d. The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity remains a nonzero constant

An object is moving with constant velocity. Which of the following best describes the force(s) acting on the object? a. A constant net force is acting on the object in a direction opposite of the motion. b. A constant net force is acting on the object in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion. c. No forces are acting on the object. d. The net force acting on the object is zero. e. A constant net force is acting on the object in the direction of the motion.

d. The net force acting on the object is zero

In general, how does the coefficient of static friction compare to the coefficient of kinetic friction for the same two materials? a. The coefficient of static friction is less than the coefficient of kinetic friction b. The coefficient of static friction can be greater than or equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction c. The coefficient of static friction can be less than or equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction d. The coefficient of static friction is equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction e. The coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction

e. The coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction

A standing wave is established on a string that is fixed at both ends. If the string is vibrating at its fundamental frequency, how is the length of the string related to the wavelength of the standing wave?

the length of a string is equal to 1/2 of a wavelength

A football player kicks a football in a field goal attempt. When the football reaches its maximum height, what is the relationship between the direction of the velocity and acceleration vectors? Assume air resistance is negligible.

v and a are perpendicular to each other