PHYSIO CH 17 MASTERING

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? - Bronchioles - Nose - Trachea - Bronchi - Alveoli

Alveoli

Which statement is correct? - As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated. - Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. - Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. - Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. - In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

Which of the following correctly states the relationship known as Boyle's Law? - PV = nRT - P1V2 = P2V1 - P1V1 = P2V2 - In a mixture of gases, such as air, total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases present, such as oxygen and nitrogen: Total P = PO2 + PN2 .

P1V1 = P2V2

Why is Edna's forced expiratory volume lower than normal? - The inflammation in her lungs has caused her ability to expel air to become difficult because of increased resistance in the bronchioles. - The mucus in her lungs has become so thick that she cannot get air out of the lungs effectively. - The elastic fibers in Edna's lungs have hypertrophied. - None of the listed responses is correct.

The inflammation in her lungs has caused her ability to expel air to become difficult because of increased resistance in the bronchioles

Gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere occurs at the ________. - bronchi - trachea - alveoli - bronchioles

alveoli

Histamine's primary role in the respiratory system is as a - bronchodilator. - vasoconstrictor. - surfactant. - vasodilator. - bronchoconstrictor

bronchoconstrictor

What are the two conditions that most people with COPD have? - chronic bronchitis and emphysema - asthma and emphysema - fibrotic lung disease and asthma - chronic bronchitis and asthma

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Which two factors have the greatest influence on the amount of work needed for breathing? - elastic recoil of the thoracic wall and the tension created by the ribs - surface tension and pneumothorax - compliance and inertia - compliance and airway resistance

compliance and airway resistance

The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called - bounce. - elastance. - recoil. - compliance.

elastance

Chronic inhalation of fine particles that reach the alveoli leads to ________ lung disease - obstructive - restrictive - compliant - fibrotic - congestive

fibrotic

Match the lung capacity with its description. A. total lung capacity B. inspiratory capacity C. vital capacity D. functional residual capacity the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breath

functional residual capacity

Surfactant - is not found in healthy lung tissue. - replaces mucus in the alveoli. - phagocytizes small particulate matter. - protects the surface of the lungs. - helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing

helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing

Conditioning of air by the respiratory tract has three purposes: warming, filtering, and which other component? - denaturing - oxygenating - inspiring - humidifying

humidifying

Dalton's law states that - gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. - gas volume and temperature are directly proportional. - in a mixture of gases like air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. - the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure. - None of the answers are correct.

in a mixture of gases like air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture

Match the lung volume with its description. A. tidal volume B. inspiratory reserve volume C. expiratory reserve volume D. residual volume the additional air inhaled after a normal inspiration

inspiratory reserve volume

Hemoglobin - is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. - is the site of cellular respiration. - is found in blood plasma. - has five subunits. - uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

Which is NOT considered to be a primary function of the respiratory system? - regulation of pH balance - protection against pathogens - regulation of water balance - gas exchange - vocalization

regulation of water balance

Type II alveolar cells - are phagocytic. - secrete a chemical known as surfactant. - allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes. - allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes, secrete a chemical known as surfactant, and are phagocytic. - None of the statements are true.

secrete a chemical known as surfactant.

A ________ is an instrument that measures the volume of air moved with each breath. - spirometer - sphygmomanometer - dynamometer - ventilator

spirometer

During inhalation, - the diaphragm relaxes. - air moves up the trachea. - the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. - oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. - the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract

Air moves into the lungs because - the thorax is muscular. - the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration. - contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity. - the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure. - All of the answers are correct.

the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure

Which is the best definition of anatomical dead space? - the volume of the conducting system - the rate of ventilation - the tidal volume - the volume of the exchange portion of the respiratory system

the volume of the conducting system

The volume of air moved in a single respiration is called the - expiratory reserve volume. - total lung capacity. - vital capacity. - tidal volume.

tidal volume

What is a function of the pleural fluid? - to hold the lungs to the thoracic wall - to promote oxygen diffusion into the blood - to keep the thoracic cavity from collapsing - to humidify inhaled air

to hold the lungs to the thoracic wall

The cells of the lung that produce the substance that lowers surface tension are - mast cells. - goblet cells. - type I alveolar cells. - type II alveolar cells.

type II alveolar cells

The term that is simply defined as breathing is ______________. - expiration - respiration - ventilation - inspiration

ventilation

The ability for the lung to passively recoil and push air out is attributed to what type of tissue? What is this property called? - elastic tissue; elastance - collagen fibers; elastance - elastic fibers; compliance - collagen fibers; compliance

elastic tissue; elastance

Match the lung volume with its description. A. tidal volume B. inspiratory reserve volume C. expiratory reserve volume D. residual volume the extra amount actively (forcibly) exhaled after a normal exhalation

expiratory reserve volume

The additional air that you can exhale after a normal exhale is the ________. - residual volume - tidal volume - expiratory reserve volume - inspiratory reserve volume

expiratory reserve volume

What happens to the resistance in the bronchioles of patients with chronic bronchitis and how does this affect air movement into and out of their lungs? - increase; increase - increases; decreases - decrease; increase - decreases; decreases

increases; decreases

After blood becomes oxygenated, - it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. - it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen. - it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. - it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. - it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs.

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells

The upper respiratory tract includes all EXCEPT which of the following? - nasal cavity - lungs - larynx - mouth

lungs