Plant Nutrition - Biology

Explain that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules, for the synthesis of carbohydrates

The stacks (thylakoids) and lamella contain the "pigment" which we like to call "chlorophyll". This chlorophyll traps light and converts it to the chemical energy" or "fuel" needed to allow Water and CO2 to form Carbohydrates and Oxygen.

Explain the effects of nitrate ion and magnesium ion deficiency on plant growth

Uses: Increases yield as it provides the plant with more minerals, amino acids, stuff needed for growth, repair. Overuse: Eutrophication Nitrogen rich fertilizers can leak into lakes and rivers. Algae and other plants living in the water would have all the nutrients they need to grow and so the is a rapid growth of algae and plant life. When these plants die, the plant matter starts to decompose by bacteria. This decomposition process uses oxygen and with lots of algae in the river, most of the oxygen is used up. With less oxygen other creatures cannot live such as fish and so the pond becomes stagnant/

Identify chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem in leaves of a dicotyledonous plant and Describe the significance of the features of a leaf in terms of functions, to include: - palisade mesophyll and distribution of chloroplasts - photosynthesis - stomata, spongy mesophyll cells and guard cells - gas exchange - xylem for transport and support - phloem for transport

- Palisade mesophyll and distribution of chloroplasts -photosynthesis, - Stomata and spongy mesophyll cells, guard cells - gas exchange, - Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) -transport and support. - Phloem for transport. The palisade mesophyll is a layer of elongated cells containing chloroplasts found just under the upper epidermis. The majority of photosynthesis takes place within this area. These cells are long and thin like the slats on a picket fence. The chloroplasts rotate in these cells like a Ferris wheel. This allows them to be exposed to the maximum amount of light during the day. Maximum= maximum photosynthesis Stomata and mesophyll cells - gas exchange

Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis

Carbohydrates are stored as starch are used for growth and respiration

Investigate the necessity for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, using appropriate controls

Chlorophyll is required because it help absorbs the "light" required. CO2 is important because it is converted into the sugars such as glucose we need. Light is important because it acts as the "fuel" or energy to drive the reaction Stuff that should be kept constant Temperature, Oxygen Levels

Describe the importance of - nitrate ions for making amino acids - magnesium ions for making chlorophyll

Describe the importance of: • Nitrate ions for protein synthesis, • Magnesium ions for chlorophyll synthesis. Nitrate ions Synthesize- to make protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of Proteins. Each amino acid has got an Amino group(NH2), Carboxyl group(COOH) and an Alkyl group. Nitrate ions are the source of nitrogen for amino acids. So without amino acids, which is a part of protein, how do you make Protein????...Answer: you can't. Just study the highlighted part. Magnesium ions The Chlorophyll molecule has a central magnesium ion, hence magnesium ions are essential for Chlorophyll synthesis. If something has magnesium in it, yet you don't have magnesium, how can you synthesize the thing?

Identify chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem in leaves of a dicotyledonous plant and Describe the significance of the features of a leaf in terms of functions, to include: - palisade mesophyll and distribution of chloroplasts - photosynthesis - stomata, spongy mesophyll cells and guard cells - gas exchange - xylem for transport and support - phloem for transport. x2

Leaves are adapted for photosynthesis by having a large surface area and contain stomata (openings) to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf. These design features can result in leaf-losing a lot of water. The cells inside the leaf have water on their surface. Some of this water evaporates, and the water vapour can then escape from inside the leaf by diffusion. As for mesophyll cells, they have air spaces which allow gases to go in and out. Vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) -transport and support. Xylem= water and soluble, dissolved ions Phloem= Products of photosynthesis, i.e. sugar The xylem provides a passage for water and dissolved ions from the root system to the leaves. The xylem also strengthens and supports the stem. The phloem transports

State the word equation for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water - glucose + oxygen, in the presence of light and chlorophyll

Photosynthesis equation (balanced) : 6CO2 + 6H20 ---> Light -----> C6H1206 + 602 = Carbon dioxide + Water -----> Light-----> glucose + Oxygen

Define photosynthesis as the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light.

Photosynthesis is the process where plants manufactures carbohydrates from raw materials (Water + Carbon dioxide) using the energy from light.