Poliomyelitis

Poliovirus

first identified in 1909 by inoculation of specimens into monkeys.

Polio

gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)

transmitted by person to person spread mainly through fecal-oral route or less frequently by a common vehicle (contaminated food and water) and multiplies in the intestine

how is poliovirus transmitted

7 - 14 days (1-2 weeks)

incubation perio of polio

Myelitis

inflammation of the spinal cord

fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs

initial symptoms of polio

flaccid paralysis due to necrosis of large motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

results of Paralytic poliomyelitis

•fever, malaise, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and sore throat in various combinations. •recovery occurs in a few days

symptoms abortive poliomyelitis

- fever and stiff neck and meningismus can develop as the poliovirus infects the meninges. - Recovery is complete in 1 week

symptoms of Non-paralytic poliomyelitis (Aseptic meningitis)

1. Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) 2. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

two polio vaccines available

Polio

was one of the most dreaded child disease in the 20th century in the U.S.

cases (polio) that were reported in 1979

where mild and self-limited and do not result in paralysis

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

attenuated polio virus is ingested

"march of dimes"

began in 1938, a fund-raising campaign for polio

poliovirus

causative agent of poliomyelitis

Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)

consists of formalin-killed polio virus that is injected subcutaneously

There is NO cure for polio, it can only be prevented.

cure for polio

1. Abortive Poliomyelitis (mild illness) 2. Non paralytic Poliomyelitis (aseptic meninges) 3. Paralytic Poliomyelitis

3 possible outcomes of infection (polio)

• Easy to administer • Good local mucosal immunity

Advantages of the polio vaccine

• Strict cold shipping & storage requirements • Multiple doses are required to become effective • (4 doses in babies through out their infancy)

Disadvantages of the polio vaccine

Salk Vaccine

Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) is also called

Jonas Salk

Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) is developed by

Albert Sabin

Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is developed by ?

children under 5 yrs of age

Polio mainly affects?

United States in 1955.

Polio vaccine first appearance

- (polio) One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs) - Among those paralyzed, 5-10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized

TAKE NOTE!

Poliomyelitis was recorded in the late 1700's with the first epidemic in the late 1800's

TAKE NOTE!

The virus was first grown in cell culture in 1949 which became the basis for vaccines.

TAKE NOTE!

Abortive Poliomyelitis (Mild illness)

The most common form of polio

Poliomyelitis

The virus invades the NERVOUS SYSTEM, and can cause total PARALYSIS in a matter of hours.

Poliomyelitis

This disease result in the destruction of motor neurons caused by the poliovirus.

Poliomyelitis

a highly INFECTIOUS disease