Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
first identified in 1909 by inoculation of specimens into monkeys.
Polio
gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)
transmitted by person to person spread mainly through fecal-oral route or less frequently by a common vehicle (contaminated food and water) and multiplies in the intestine
how is poliovirus transmitted
7 - 14 days (1-2 weeks)
incubation perio of polio
Myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs
initial symptoms of polio
flaccid paralysis due to necrosis of large motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
results of Paralytic poliomyelitis
•fever, malaise, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and sore throat in various combinations. •recovery occurs in a few days
symptoms abortive poliomyelitis
- fever and stiff neck and meningismus can develop as the poliovirus infects the meninges. - Recovery is complete in 1 week
symptoms of Non-paralytic poliomyelitis (Aseptic meningitis)
1. Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) 2. Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
two polio vaccines available
Polio
was one of the most dreaded child disease in the 20th century in the U.S.
cases (polio) that were reported in 1979
where mild and self-limited and do not result in paralysis
Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)
attenuated polio virus is ingested
"march of dimes"
began in 1938, a fund-raising campaign for polio
poliovirus
causative agent of poliomyelitis
Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)
consists of formalin-killed polio virus that is injected subcutaneously
There is NO cure for polio, it can only be prevented.
cure for polio
1. Abortive Poliomyelitis (mild illness) 2. Non paralytic Poliomyelitis (aseptic meninges) 3. Paralytic Poliomyelitis
3 possible outcomes of infection (polio)
• Easy to administer • Good local mucosal immunity
Advantages of the polio vaccine
• Strict cold shipping & storage requirements • Multiple doses are required to become effective • (4 doses in babies through out their infancy)
Disadvantages of the polio vaccine
Salk Vaccine
Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) is also called
Jonas Salk
Intramuscular Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV) is developed by
Albert Sabin
Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) is developed by ?
children under 5 yrs of age
Polio mainly affects?
United States in 1955.
Polio vaccine first appearance
- (polio) One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs) - Among those paralyzed, 5-10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized
TAKE NOTE!
Poliomyelitis was recorded in the late 1700's with the first epidemic in the late 1800's
TAKE NOTE!
The virus was first grown in cell culture in 1949 which became the basis for vaccines.
TAKE NOTE!
Abortive Poliomyelitis (Mild illness)
The most common form of polio
Poliomyelitis
The virus invades the NERVOUS SYSTEM, and can cause total PARALYSIS in a matter of hours.
Poliomyelitis
This disease result in the destruction of motor neurons caused by the poliovirus.
Poliomyelitis
a highly INFECTIOUS disease