PoM 16

A modification of the needs hierarchy theory that proposes three categories of needs—existence, relatedness, and growth—is called the

ERG theory

Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25% of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory?

Good hygiene factors and inadequate motivators

The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships describes

a need for affiliation

Empowering employees means giving employees

all of these

Which of the following is the degree to which the worker has freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks?

autonomy

Which of the following is the name given to the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify human behavior?

behavioral modification

Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peers, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?

belongingness needs

Ryzard, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary with the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?

changing perceptions

Which of the following is not a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

compensation needs

Recent research shows that the top reason people leave their jobs is because they

don't feel appreciated

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

employees feelings of self worth

Shifting power down from the top of the organization and sharing it with employees to enable them to achieve goals is known as

empowerment

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as

empowerment

Which of the following is power sharing, or the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization?

empowerment

Which of these theories deals with employees' perception of fairness?

equity

Which theory focuses on an individual's perceptions of how fairly he or she is treated relative to others?

equity theory

Nely is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Nely is motivated by which category of needs?

esteem

Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes?

expectancy theory

One of your fellow team members at work is continually disrupting the team's work with jokes and general horseplay. You hope that by ignoring him he will stop this senseless behavior. You are attempting to use which reinforcement tool?

extinction

Which of the following refers to a reward given by another person?

extrinsic

In goal-setting theory, which term refers to the need to get information to people about how well they are doing in progressing toward goal achievement?

feedback

Which of the following is the extent to which doing the job provides information back to the employee about his or her performance?

feedback

In goal-setting theory, which of the following refers to the idea that employees have to "buy into" goals?

goal acceptance

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

goal difficulty

In goal-setting theory, which of the following refers to the degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous?

goal specificity

A content theory that proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs—physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization—that exist in a hierarchical order is called the

hierarchy of needs theory

Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?

hierarchy of needs theory

The majority of hourly workers at Formatting Unlimited are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. What would Herzberg recommend if your goal were to increase their level of satisfaction?

increase the level of motivators

Which of the following systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job?

job rotation

Which of the following are high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth?

motivators

Which of the following have the greatest impact, according to Herzberg, on job satisfaction?

motivators

Daphne has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as her

need for power

Tanek is a manager at Chuck's Construction. He sees little opportunity for advancement at Chuck's Construction, regardless of how well he performs. Which of the following expectancies is low for Tanek?

p, o expectancy

Which of the following involves whether successful performance will lead to the desired outcome?

p, o expectancy

Which of the following needs describes the most basic human physical needs, including food, water, and oxygen?

physiological needs

Braden publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Braden hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of

positive reinforcement

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior?

positive reinforcement

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

punishment

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

reinforcement theory

According to Maslow, the highest order needs are

self-actualization needs

Which theory proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people's behavior?

social learning theory

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred to as

task significance

The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need is referred to as

the frustration-regression principle.

Abbey works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbey agrees but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbey?

valence

At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory, observing other workers, and watching them be rewarded for doing their jobs well. This is an example of

vicarious learning

Which of the following occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them?

vicarious learning