Pre-Quiz 1 Questions

At rest, the average person has a resting respiratory exchange ratio between?

0.78-0.84

The current recommended daily allowance (RDA) for protein for an adult is ____ grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

0.8

Gluten-free diets are usually prescribed for individuals diagnosed with celiac disease, which affects ____ of the population?

1%

The current dietary guidelines suggest a minimum of _____ serving(s) of fish per week to increase intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

2

The brain, although accounting for only 2% of a person's body weight, uses what percent of the body's blood glucose?

25%

Exercise professionals should counsel their clients to aim for an energy expenditure goal of ____ kcal/week for weight and health maintenance.

3,000

A single metabolic equivalent equates to the amount of energy expenditure during 1 minute of seated rest and its roughly ____ ml O2/kg/min

3.5

Muscle tissue represents a significant portion of overall body weight, comprising approximately _____ percent of a woman's total body weight and ____ percent of a man's total body weight?

36-40% woman; 40-45% man

Research suggests that a healthy ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in our diet is?

4:1

One liter of oxygen consumed (utilized) per minute equates to ____ kilocalories burned per minute.

5

Water constitutes approximately what percent of total body weight?

60%

The Institute of Medicine's recommendation for daily water intake for sedentary females is how many ounces?

91

Foods with a glycemic index (GI) score of ______ are digested more slowly, do not cause extreme fluctuations in blood sugar, control appetite, delay hunger cues, and reduce the risk for insulin resistance?

<55

_____ refers to the amount of oxygen consumed by a person regardless of body size or weight.

Absolute VO2

The dominant energy system used to power a 400 m race is?

Anaerobic glycolysis

______ is a process of cleaving longer fatty acids into 2-carbon structures to form acetyl-CoA

Beta-oxidation

Which of the following energy pathways is capable of producing the largest amounts of ATP?

Beta-oxidation (fat oxidation)

The ______ energy pathway requires the most oxygen to produce ATP

Beta-oxidation/fat oxidation

The dominant energy system used to power an easy, 6 mile training run is?

Beta-oxidation/fat oxidation

Carbohydrates are generally stored in which three primary regions of the human body?

Blood, liver, and muscle

What becomes the body's primary source of fuel at the intensity of activity known as the lactate threshold (LT)?

Carbohydrates

Which macronutrient provides energy as glucose to the brain, CNS, and red blood cells, and acts as a fuel to working muscles for exercise and activity?

Carbohydrates

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are called ______, and they function cooperatively to prepare the body for emergencies or stressful events.

Catecholamines

Most steroid hormones are manufactured from _____, which makes them soluble in water and allows them to diffuse rather easily through cell membranes.

Cholesterol

Which of the following is NOT an anabolic hormone? -Cortisol -Insulin -GH -Testosterone -Estrogen

Cortisol

______ is typically referred to as a catabolic hormone because of its role in protein turnover, lipolysis, and providing substrates for gluconeogenesis.

Cortisol

Which of the following is NOT one of the four ways that a hormone can affect a target cell after binding with it? -Modify cellular protein synthesis -Deliver oxygen -Change plasma membrane permeability -Alter the rate of cellular enzyme activity

Deliver oxygen

Oxygen that is consumed above resting values after the termination of exercise is called?

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Fatty acids are joined with a glycerol to form a molecule called cholesterol. T/F

False

Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient? -fats -water -minerals -vitamins

Fats

Which polysaccharide is resistant to human digestive enzymatic activity?

Fiber

A key pathogenic mechanism behind the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be linked to excessive dietary consumption of what?

Fructose

Which monosaccharide is absorbed slowly through the intestinal walls via a passive process and does not trigger an insulin release on entry into the blood?

Fructose

Gluconeogenesis is the formation of ______ from other substrates.

Glucose

The weighted average characterizing the glycemic effect specific to the carbohydrate and amount consumed is known as what?

Glycemic load

Carbohydrates are located and stored in body tissues as what?

Glycogen

During an acute bout of exercise, all of the following hormones increase EXCEPT -Cortisol -Insulin -Glucagon -Norepinephrine -Epinephrine

Insulin

______ facilitates the uptake and use of glucose by cells, thereby lowering blood glucose when elevated.

Insulin

Which tissue is responsible for the release of glucose into the blood?

Liver

________ refers to the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the human body that are required to support body function and survival.

Metabolism

Amino acids differ in their structure from fats and carbohydrates in that they contain?

Nitrogen

_______ nutrients are those that can be manufactured by the body as needed.

Nonessential

The point at which the ability to sustain high-intensity exercise cannot be sustained much longer is called the?

Onset of blood lactate accumulation

Glucagon generally does which of the following to the actions of insulin?

Opposes

Which term refers to the difference between oxygen uptake and oxygen demand of exercise during exercise conditions that are non-steady state in nature?

Oxygen deficit

The dominant energy system used a 100-m sprint is?

Phosphocreatine (phophagen)

Which energy system is capable of generating ATP the most rapidly?

Phosphocreatine (phosphagen)

Which macronutrient has a primary function to help build and repair tissues and provide essential amino acids?

Proteins

Which type of fat in the body contains only single bonds within the carbon backbone and is capable of bonding with a maximal number of hydrogen ions?

Saturated fat

The digestion of fat occurs predominantly in the?

Small intestine

Training variables that influence hormone release include all of the following EXCEPT? -Time of day training occurs -Training volume -Rest between training sets -Intensity of training

Time of day training occurs

What is the collective energy cost for maintaining constant conditions within the human body, plus the amount of energy required to support daily physical activities?

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

The USDA dietary guidelines recommend avoiding which fat completely?

Trans fat

Which fat is the most abundant in the human body?

Triglyceride (TG)

Complex carbohydrates are starches and dietary fiber. T/F

True

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose or muscle glycogen into two pyruvate or two lactate structures. T/F

True

Which type of vitamin can be excreted in urine?

Water-soluble