Prep U Practice Quiz Immunity

The nursing instructor has been teaching about antivirals, actions and effects. The instructor realizes that a student needs further instruction when the student makes which statement?

"Antivirals are the cure for viral infections."

A father of a preschool-age child tells the nurse that his child "has had a constant cold since going to daycare." How would the nurse respond?

"Children in daycare have more exposure to colds."

A client who has been receiving cortisol as treatment for an illness states he "is constantly developing colds and fevers." What is the nurse's best response to the client?

"Cortisol inhibits the function of the immune system, making you more susceptible to disease."

A client is experiencing flu-like symptoms related to immune stimulant therapy. Which instructions would be most appropriate for the client?

"Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day."

A patient is scheduled for a test with contrast to determine kidney function. What statement made by the patient should the nurse inform the physician about prior to testing?

"I am allergic to shrimp."

The nurse is providing dietary interventions for a 12-year-old child with a shellfish allergy. Which response by the parent most concerns the nurse?

"I am very upset about this diagnosis."

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is suspected of having an endocrine disorder and is scheduled for diagnostic testing that involves the use of a contrast medium. The nurse would inform the physician if the client stated which of the following?

"I have an allergy to shrimp and shellfish."

A nurse is teaching a parent group about the importance of regular childhood vaccines. The nurse evaluates that the teaching is successful based on which of the following statements?

"I will have my baby vaccinated as scheduled to reduce the senseless spread of vaccine-preventable illnesses."

A nurse is collecting a health history on a client who's to undergo a renal angiography. Which statement by the client should be the priority for the nurse to address?

"I'm allergic to shellfish."

The nurse is administering a childhood vaccine to a pediatric client. The mother asks the nurse why the child needs so many vaccinations. How should the nurse respond?

"Immunization is an important means of inhibiting the spread of infection by decreasing your child's susceptibility to the infection."

A client with rheumatoid arthritis informs the nurse that since he has been in remission and not having any symptoms, he doesn't need to take his medication any longer. What is the best response by the nurse?

"It is important that you continue to take your medication to avoid an acute exacerbation."

A nurse is providing wound care to a patient who arrived at the emergency department after being hit by flying glass from a broken window. The nurse asks the patient about his last tetanus shot. Which statement would indicate to the nurse that the patient needs a tetanus booster?

"It must be at least 6 or 7 years since I had one."

An adolescent client has just been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Following client education about the disease, which statement by the client demonstrates understanding of SLE?

"SLE is an autoimmune disorder that I will always have, with times of flare- ups and times of minimal to no symptoms."

The client states his family has recently been exposed to a communicable disease. Despite all the family needing medical intervention for the illness, the client never developed the illness. The nurse explains:

"Sometimes we develop immunity without showing signs of disease."

A client is undergoing chemotherapy for vulvar cancer. The client had a friend who died after treatment, which has caused severe anxiety and fear; the client is constantly tired and sees this as an indication she won't survive. The nurse knows that the client is scheduled for immunostimulant drug therapy to support the hematopoietic system.The nurse would include which statement to explain the action of drug?

"Taking immunostimulants to stimulate the production of blood cells will help you feel better."

A client stepped on a nail at work. The emergency room physician prescribes a tetanus "booster" shot. The client asks the nurse, "If I have already been vaccinated for tetanus why do I need to have another shot?" How should the nurse respond?

"The booster shot will stimulate your immune system's memory, causing an immediate rise in antibodies to protect you from an infection."

A client with early stage rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse what to do to help ease the symptoms of the disease. What would be the best response by the nurse?

"The health care provider could prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs."

The mother of two children ages 6 and 12 reports that her 6-year-old child seems to have "cold after cold" while her older child never seems to be ill. She questions if there is something wrong with her younger child. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The immune system of your younger child is less mature and may result in having more infections."

Which of the following questions asked by the nurse when taking a patient's health history would collect data about infection control?

"When did you complete your immunizations?"

The mother of a an 8-year-old boy with mumps tells the nurse that she does not understand how her son could have gotten mumps since he was immunized according to her physician's recommendations. What is the best response by the nurse?

"While immunizations are highly effective they aren't 100% effective at preventing infectious diseases."

A client with end-stage liver disease is scheduled to undergo a liver transplant. The client tells the nurse, "I am worried that my body will reject the liver." Which statement is the nurse's best response to the client?

"You will need to take daily medication to prevent rejection of the transplanted liver. The new liver has a good chance of survival with the use of these drugs."

A 72-year-old client is brought to the clinic by her daughter. The daughter asks how often her mother should receive the influenza vaccine. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Your mother needs the influenza vaccine yearly."

The nursing instructor is giving memory aids to the students to help them to better remember the different drug classifications. When learning about antivirals the nurse instructs the students to look for which syllables?

-vir

Which situation can best be characterized as an example of passive immunity?

A 6-week-old infant receives antibodies from his mother's breast milk.

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client?

A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self"

A client has been hospitalized for diagnostic testing. The client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which the physician explains is an autoimmune disorder. How would the nurse explain an autoimmune disease to the client?

A disorder where killer T cells and autoantibodies attack or destroy natural cells—those cells that are "self."

A hospital has been the site of an increased incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). What is an important measure for the prevention of HAP?

Administration of pneumococcal vaccine to vulnerable individuals

A client diagnosed with anemia is receiving a blood transfusion. The client develops urticaria accompanied by wheezing and dyspnea not long after the transfusion starts. The nurse interprets this as indicative of which of the following?

Allergic reaction

The nurse is caring for a male client who is scheduled for a neurologic examination that uses a radiopaque dye. Before the test, the nurse assesses the allergy history of the client and find the client is allergic to seafood. What does the nurse relate the allergy to seafood as?

An allergy to iodine

Which of the following is the most severe form of hypersensitivity reaction?

Anaphylaxis

A client is being seen at the primary care physician office for a possible allergic reaction. What is the cause of this type of primary skin disorder?

Antigen-antibody response

Which statement regarding antiviral medications is true?

Antivirals do not eliminate existing viruses from tissues.

The blood tests for a primigravida client indicate that the client is Rh-negative and her partner is Rh-positive. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for this client?

Arrange for Rho immune globulin at 28 weeks' gestation.

What can the nurse do to maximize a patient's adherence to the medication regimen?

As an advocate of the patient, discuss benefits and risks of antiretroviral therapy as well as administration.

What occurs when the body produces antibodies against its own cells?

Autoimmune disease

Many of the immunosuppressant drugs that are administered following organ transplantation may also be used for treatment of what condition?

Autoimmune disorder

To prevent viral infections, what precaution should the general public take?

Become vaccinated against prevalent virus infections.

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a new mother who has just given birth to a healthy neonate. The mother asks the nurse, "I've heard that breast-feeding helps to prevent infections in my baby. But how does this happen?" Which response by the nurse would be appropriate?

Breast milk contains substances that protect your baby against infection."

A client is experiencing symptoms that are suspected to be related to systemic lupus erythematosus. What cutaneous symptom occurs in about 50% of clients affected by this disease?

Butterfly-shaped rash on the face over the bridge of the nose and cheeks

A school nurse at a large high school is attempting to determine correct vaccine guidelines. What is the best source for current recommendations?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

It is important for the nurse to stay current with the recommendations for immunizations. Which source is most accurate regarding immunization guidelines?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The nurse is caring for an older client admitted to the health-care facility with a new onset of confusion and a low-grade fever. Which age-related changes might contribute to decreased functioning of the immune system?

Decreased kidney function

The nurse reading a client's history and physical notes that the client has a history of leukopenia. The nurse interprets this to mean that the client has:

Decreased leukocytes

A client for whom antiretroviral therapy has been prescribed informs the nurse that the client is taking oral contraceptives. What should the nurse inform the client is one of the effects of combining birth control pills with antiretroviral therapy?

Decreases effectiveness of birth control pills

All the following items are related to cancer. Which does not affect the immune system?

Diagnostic tests for cancer

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is receiving a vaccine about possible adverse effects. Which would the nurse include as necessitating an immediate call to the health care provider?

Difficulty breathing

There are many antiviral medications on the market. What is the clinical reason for this?

Each medication is only effective against a small number of specific viral infections.

The elderly client returns from a health care visit and asks the nurse why another flu shot was necessary this year because the client got one last year. The nurse's best response is:

Each year a new vaccine is developed based on the strains most prevalent.

A client with leukemia is being treated with a combination of antineoplastics, including methotrexate. The client's most recent laboratory results indicate the client is experiencing bone marrow suppression. What is the nurse's priority action?

Ensure that all staff and visitors adhere to infection control precautions.

Most of the drugs that affect the immune system are highly recommended for use in children.

False

The nurse is administering the prescribed intravenous immunoglobulin to a 10-year-old boy. What step would be most important for the nurse to do?

Have epinephrine available.

Which is a primary chemical mediator of hypersensitivity?

Histamine

A client tells the nurse that he is receiving cancer treatment that involves strengthening the immune system. The nurse documents that the client is receiving which treatment?

Immunotherapy

A 60-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis visits the health care facility for a regular checkup. The patient informs the nurse that the patient has been using an over-the-counter NSAID for the last few days. Why should the nurse caution the patient against the use of NSAIDs on a long-term basis?

Increased risk of GI bleeding

The nurse notes that the client has a decreased neutrophil count. The nurse recognizes that the client is at risk for which of the following?

Infection

An elderly client is admitted to the medical floor with a fever, body aches and cough. What virus should the nurse suspect this client to have?

Influenza

When preparing a presentation for a group of senior citizens, which vaccine would the nurse recommend that this age group receive annually?

Influenza

You are the nurse caring for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The client also has an ascending paralysis. Knowing the complications of the disorder, what should you keep always ready at the bedside?

Intubation tray and suction apparatus

A patient is diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Why is considered to be an aggressive form of cancer?

It is fed by the hormones produced by the ovaries.

The nurse educator is teaching an online pharmacology class. The topic of the online seminar is the contraindications for the use of colony stimulation factor. The nurse includes which contraindication?

Known hypersensitivity

Which agent would the nurse expect to be administered orally?

Methotrexate

The nurse is completing a focused assessment addressing a client's immune function. What should the nurse prioritize in the physical assessment?

Palpation of the client's lymph nodes

A nurse is preparing a presentation to a local commununity group about allergic disorders. Which medication would the nurse include as the most common cause of anaphylaxis?

Penicillin

A nurse is caring for a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who states she "caught" this from her mother. Which statement is the correct explanation of how this type of arthritis develops?

RA has an autoimmune and genetic predisposition.

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values of client who has a respiratory illness. Which cells supply oxygen to the tissues?

RBCs

Which agent would the nurse expect to administer to a pregnant woman to prevent Rh factor sensitization?

RHO immune globulin

A client with Crohn's disease, an autoimmune disorder, informs the nurse that he has not had any symptoms of the disease in 8 months. What does the nurse understand this asymptomatic period is referred to?

Remission

Celiac disease commonly presents in infancy as failure to thrive. It is an inappropriate T-cell-mediated immune response, and there is no cure for it. What is the treatment of choice for celiac disease?

Removal of gluten from the diet

A nurse is conducting a presentation for a group of pregnant women about conditions that can occur during pregnancy and that place the woman at high-risk. When discussing blood incompatibilities, which measure would the nurse explain as most effective in preventing isoimmunization during pregnancy?

Rho(D) immune globulin administration to Rh-negative women

A nurse is caring for a client with acute myeloid leukemia who is preparing to undergo induction therapy. In preparing a plan of care for this client, the nurse should assign the highest priority to which nursing diagnosis?

Risk for Infection

A female client has completed immunosuppressive therapy in preparation for transplantation. When explaining the risks of immunosuppression, the nurse would state:

Serious complications can occur if you are not monitored carefully.

The home care nurse is caring for a female client who underwent renal transplantation 8 weeks ago and is self-administering immunosuppressant drugs. What situation in the client's life is the greatest cause for concern?

She runs a sick child day care.

A client is receiving an IV immune stimulant and develops a cardiac arrhythmia. What is the nurse's priority action?

Stop the drug immediately.

What are the primary participants in the immune system?

T- and B- cell lymphocytes

A man who was working on his outside deck comes to the emergency department after sustaining a puncture wound of his hand from a large nail. Which would the nurse expect to administer?

Tetanus toxoid

A child comes to the emergency department with difficulty breathing from severe bronchoconstriction. The parent informs the nurse that the child ate a peanut, to which the child is allergic. Which type of reaction is this client having?

Type I: anaphylaxis

The mother of a 13-year-old adolescent is concerned about her daughter getting cervical cancer later in life and asks the nurse if there are any ways to reduce the risk. Which would the nurse recommend?

Vaccination for the human papilloma virus

A nurse has been administering seasonal influenza vaccinations to the residents of a long-term care facility. One resident has refused the vaccinations, stating that he believes the vaccination to be a cause of influenza infection rather than a protection against it. The nurse's response to this resident should encompass which of the following facts about vaccination?

Vaccination prompts the body to produce antibodies against influenza.

The nursing student asks the instructor why it is more difficult to develop antiviral drugs than anti-infectives. The nursing instructor's best reply would be which?

Viruses are tiny and replicate inside cells.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values of a client who has a urinary tract infection. Which cells protect the body from microorganisms?

WBCs

To help understand immunostimulant drug therapy, the client has come to the clinic for a class on leukocytes and infection. The nurse explains that the term leukocyte refers to:

White blood cells

A parent brings a child to the clinic for an earache. The child receives a prescription for amoxicillin. The parent calls the clinic the next day and says the child has been taking the medicine and now has a rash. The nurse should give the parent instructions about which type of response?

allergic response

A woman who is Rh negative asks the nurse how many children she will be able to have before Rh incompatibility causes them to die in utero. The nurse's best response would be that:

as long as she receives RhoGAM, there is no limit.

A client has given birth to a preterm neonate. The client tells the nurse that she wants to breast-feed her neonate. The nurse should explain to the mother that

breast milk contains antibodies that help protect her neonate.

An elderly client is treated for pneumonia with clindamycin. One week after the completion of the medication, the client develops diarrhea. What is the most probable cause of the diarrhea?

change in normal flora

A physician orders corticosteroids for a child with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The nurse knows that the purpose of corticosteroid therapy for this child is to:

combat inflammation.

The community health nurse presents information to an elementary school parents' association about the vaccines available for both preteen boys and girls. The nurse determines the presentation a success when the parents identify which STI as having an available vaccine?

human papillomavirus (HPV)

While trying to decide whether to bottle feed or breastfeed her newborn infant, a new mother questions the lactation specialist concerning the greatest benefit of breastfeeding her infant. What would be the best response?

immunity against many different bacteria

A young woman who has just started college is 6 weeks into the semester and has several tests and assignments due in approximately 3 days. She has developed a sore throat and fever. The development of illness is related to:

immunosuppression with stress.

A 22-year-old woman has received an organ transplant and is on cyclosporine therapy. The nurse will encourage her to avoid crowds and limit social activities while on the medication due to:

increased risk of infections.

A client is taking immunosuppressants. The nurse must assess the client for:

infection.

Nursing students correctly label the group of cells whose job is to ingest, engulf, and neutralize pathogens as:

macrophages

Which is the most likely indication for the use of immunosuppressant agents?

organ transplantation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client admitted for gastrointestinal bleed. Which cells control bleeding?

platelets

When interpreting the results of a Mantoux test, the nurse explains to the client that a reaction occurs when the intradermal injection site shows

redness and induration.

Changes in T-cell function in older adults will result in:

risk of infection.

When instructing the parents of a child who has received immunization in the vastus lateralis, which reaction is most common in the days after the administration?

tenderness and redness at the site

A client is receiving immunosuppressant therapy. Which adverse effects should the client be educated about regarding these effects?

the importance of keeping the home clean

A 25-year-old female client is prescribed methotrexate to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nurse should teach the client to:

use an effective contraceptive.

When providing a health promotion presentation to a group of seniors, how often should the nurse instruct the senior group to obtain influenza vaccines?

yearly