Principle of Biology, Ch.9
Photosynthesis
What is the process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules?
Water
What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport, and thus photosynthesis?
Thylakoid membrane
Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located?
6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Which best summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?
Carotenoids and chlorophyll b
Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis?
Orchid
Which of the following would be classified as a CAM plant?
Chlorophyll
Which of these absorbs light primarily in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum and is the main pigment of photosynthesis?
Porphyrin ring
Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light?
Photosystem I
Which photosynthetic unit consists of a pair of chlorophyll a molecules with an absorption peak of 700 nm?
Photolysis
Which process not only yields electrons that replenish photosystems I and II, but also is the source of almost all the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
Gamma waves
Which type of electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?
Stroma
In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place?
CO2; H2O
During photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized
Light-dependent phase
During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized?
photoautotrophs
Land plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are known as _______
Mesophyll cells
. In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells?
pigments
By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called
magnesium
A chlorophyll molecule has a porphyrin ring containing a single atom of
Granum
A group of thylakoid discs make up what part of the chloroplast?
. hydrogen ions leave
ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen.
Chemiosmosis
ATP synthesis during the light-dependent reactions occurs by which process?
lower energy; higher energy
An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital.
chemoheterotrophs
Animals, fungi, and most prokaryotes are known as ________.
malate; vacuoles
At night, CAM plants incorporate CO2 into ____, which is stored in the ____ of their cells.
4
Carbon is fixed in which part of the accompanying diagram?
Thylakoid membranes
Chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with which part of the chloroplast?
By a long hydrocarbon side chain
How are chlorophyll molecules attached to thylakoid membranes?
Two
How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH?
stomata
In C3 plants, the ____ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange.
chlorophylls a and b.
The action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of
photon
The energy of a(n) ____ is inversely proportional to its wavelength.
absorption spectra for chlorophylls a and b.
The graph in the accompanying figure represents the
Phosphorylation of ADP
The synthesis of ATP during photosynthesis or respiration is the result of what process?
ATP
Thylakoid membranes are involved in ____ synthesis.
Light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions
What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
Green
What color does chlorophyll reflect?
ATP and NADPH are used to convert the PGA molecules to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
What happens in the second phase of the Calvin cycle?
Stroma
What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called?
