Prokaryotic Cell

Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.

ribosomes

Cell structures made of RNA that responsible for protein production (hint - eating "ribs" provides "protein")

flagellum

Long, whip-like protrusion that moves a cell (think of a "flag" blowing in the wind like a tail)

cell wall

Protective outer covering of most cells that gives the cell shape which is made of peptidoglycan.

smaller

prokaryotic cells are _______ than eukaryotic cells (hint prokaryotic cells have less structures inside them)

plasmid

small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

nucleoid

-non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated (remember that prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus)

transformation

-process in which one strain of bacteria is CHANGED by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria (think of "transformer")

conjugation in bacteria

-process where bacterial cells can JOIN TOGETHER and pass plasmid DNA from one bacterial cell to another.

bacillus

-rod shaped bacteria

Coccus

-round bacteria

spirillum

-spiral shaped bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria

-Bacteria that have a thick peptido glycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain (Positive Purple)

Prokaryotic

An organism with cells that do not contain a true nucleus (literally means :"before the nucleus")

Pili

Hollow appendages (like hairs) that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA (hint- like velcro)

Archaebacteria

Kingdom of prokaryotic cells that live in extreme/harsh environments.

Eubacteria

Kingdom of prokaryotic cells. The common types around us everyday

cell membrane

Surrounds the cell's cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.