PSCI 231 Final

What is a refugee?

A person who is outside the U.S. and who seeks protection and entrance into the U.S. on the grounds that she or he fears persecution in their country of origin

What was the Vote or Die campaign?

A political service group, founded by musician P. Diddy, and backed by Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey and 50 Cent. The stated aim was to get young people to vote. "Vote or Die" was the campaign message.

What does Gillion say the future holds for APA in terms of political engagement?

APA has the largest group of independents and is a growing population. More impartial on policy issues relative to other minority groups.

Which stage does Gillion say is the most important step of policymaking?

Agenda setting

What is a migrant with temporary protected status?

Granted temporary status because of a major crisis in their homeland such as war or genocide

Describe the outside initiative model.

Groups outside the govt push for their issues to be heard by the decision-makers, usually through mass mobilization, such as demonstrations

Describe the mobilization model.

Issues are placed on the agenda by individuals either inside the govt or with direct access to govt but they must gain public support.

Describe the access model.

Issues are placed on the agenda by individuals inside govt and are not expanded to the public.

What are the three approaches to thinking about multiracial coalitions?

1. Different groups have different trajectories 2. Racial hierarchy of ordering groups in a single scale of status and privilege 3. Racial triangulation has a field of two axes (superiority/inferiority and insiders/foreigners)

What are the requirements to naturalize in the U.S.?

- Have continuously resided in the U.S. for at least five years. - Be of good moral character - Be able to speak, read, and write English - Have a working knowledge of civics - Must take an oath of renunciation of their homeland and an oath of allegiance to the United States

What are the stages of the policymaking process?

1. Agenda setting 2. Formulation 3. Policy adoption 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation

Name the two types of effects on political engagement and age.

1. Generational effects - individuals in different generations experience various life experiences that shape their political engagement and attitudes toward politics 2. Life cycle effect - as individuals assume "adult roles" they become more engaged in the political process

Why did blacks shift to the Democratic party? Give two reasons.

1. New Deal policies promised to benefit blacks. 2. Geographical shifts to the North forced Northern Democrats to start courting the votes of African Americans. Blacks were no longer forced to vote Republican, and the cotton gin was dying.

What are the three models of agenda setting?

1. Outside initiative 2. Mobilization model 3. Access model

What are the four bases on which viable multiracial coalitions may be formed.

1. Parties entering into a coalition must recognize their respective self-interests 2. Each party must believe it will benefit from a cooperative relationship with the other or others 3. Each party must have its own independent power base and also have control over its own decision-making 4. Each party must recognize that the coalition is formed with specific and identifiable goals in mind

What were two goals of the Chicano movement?

1. Political power 2. Cultural regeneration

Name two Jim Crow policies.

1. Poll taxes 2. Literacy tests

Give four reasons blacks were ideal for slavery.

1. Unfamiliar with local terrain 2. Easily identified as outsiders 3. Developed resistance to malaria 4. Experienced with tropical crops

How many amendments are there?

27

What is an immigrant?

A foreign-born individual who is admitted to the U.S. with a visa and applies for and is given permission to reside in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident

Political socialization

A learning process, one in which individuals absorb information about the political world and add it, selectively, to their stock of knowledge about the world

Reies Tijerina

An influential leader of the Chicano movement who founded the Federal Alliance of Land Grants, which attempted to win back land given to the U.S. in the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Unable to win in the courts, he led a raid on the Tierra Amarillo courthouse and took hostages, which led to widespread media coverage in 1967

What was the first bus boycott?

Baton Rouge bus boycott

What does Gillion say the future holds for blacks in terms of political engagement?

Blacks unlikely to shift dramatically to GOP because GOP is moving further away from issues of importance to the national black community.

Describe the DotNet generation.

Born after 1976. Came to age during the Internet boom. Political experiences were September 11, Iraq War, and first black president. They are extremely diverse. More attention put on individual children and childhood problems. Walmart phenomenon of shopping. Aware of global problems.

Describe the Dutiful generation.

Born before 1946, shared experiences include the Depression, WWII, and Pearl Harbor, "The Silent Generation" (withdrawn, cautious, unimaginative, indifferent, unadventurous, silent)

Describe the Baby Boomer generation.

Born between 1946-1964. Experienced a good amount of prosperity. Political experience were Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam, and Watergate. Other experiences were drugs and sexual revolution. Largest age cohort.

Describe the Generation X.

Born between 1965-1976. Grew up amid rising rates of divorce and recession and AIDS. Political experiences were Iran-Contra, economic failures, and the Persian Gulf War. Described as being poor citizens and classified as "slackers." Used terms like "system is broken." Gen Xers learned to live without government.

Describe the prisoners' dilemma.

Confess/confess: both 5 Remain silent/confess: defecter gets 0, silent one gets 20 Remain silent/remain silent: both 1

Describe the political engagement of the four generations.

DotNets have the highest rates of disengagement. Boomers and Dutifuls have higher rates of political specialization. Civic specialists (community, local action) are most likely to be GenX. Dual activists (both political and civic) are most likely to be Boomers.

What are the four generations Gillion covered?

Dutifuls, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and DotNets

How do we calculate ideal point estimates?

FIGUREOUT

T/F: the Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves

False

T/F: the direction of public opinion refers to the likelihood of its shift.

False

T/F: you have to provide your race to the Census

False

Who is the Father of our nation?

George Washington

What is a non-immigrant?

Individual who temporarily enters the U.S. for a specific purpose such as business, study, temporary employment, or pleasure

What is the difference between interests and ideology?

Interests are ties that bind biracial coalitions together, coalitions that are, at best, short-lived tactical compromises among self-centered groups. Ideology is preexisting racial attitudes influence one's perceptions of racial issues.

Dred Scott case

Invalidated the Missouri Compromise and affirmed slaves as property. Scott sued for his freedom after the widow of his former owner attempted to claim him as her property, despite his residence in a free state after his owner's death

What is an undocumented immigrant?

Is an individual who entered the U.S. without a visa or more likely a person who overstayed a valid visa. Interestingly, 60-75% of undocumented immigrants had a visa at one point.

Who's the Chief Justice of SCOTUS?

John Roberts

What is the thesis of Garcia Ch 11?

Latinos do have a group identity, and they exhibit linked fate.

What does Gillion say the future holds for Latinos in terms of political engagement?

Latinos likely to remain in Democratic party but may become independent or Republican. Contrast with Cubans and refugees during Reagan regime, who are more likely to be GOP.

Bottom-up approach

Members of racial and ethnic minority communities self-construct their identities, instead of the majority imposing it upon them

What is the difference between macropolity and micropolity?

Micropolity os individual partisanship (short-term political, economic, and societal shifts that have little sway on racial minorities partisanship). Macropolity is the collective partisanship of the nation): the nation's partisanship.

Describe minority macropolity.

Minority macropartisanship is rarely assessed. When it is assessed, it is associated with presidential approval and shifts in unemployment. Macropolity of blacks is overwlemingly Democratic, and macropolity of nation dips negative in 1980s.

Who was NWA?

NWA was N**gaz With Attitudes. They rose to fame in late Reagan era. They released Straight Outta Compton with the frack "F*** the Police"

Give two ways to increase validity of polling.

Random sampling and larger sample sizes

What is an asylum-seeker?

Similar to a refugee, but the individual is already in the U.S. at the time of application for protection. These individuals must prove that they are in danger.

Who is third in the line of succession to the Presidency?

Speaker of the House

What is substantive vs descriptive representation?

Substantive representation is advancing policies that benefit racial and ethnic minorities, while descriptive representation means that representatives are minorities themselves.

Who vetoes bills?

The President

J. Edgar Hoover

The former Director of the FBI in the 1960s who kept careful surveillance on civil rights leaders, believing them to be communist sympathizers

What is a majority-minority district?

The majority of individuals who reside in these districts are racial and ethnic minorities. Racial minorities are more likely to run for office when they are a numerical majority within single-member districts.

What is the thesis of McClain Ch 6?

There are two primary dilemmas that racial minority groups have faced. The first dilemma is the asymmetry of the U.S. commitment to freedom and equality for all and the denial of these rights - the right to obtain citizenship and the right to vote are very much at issue. The second dilemma is what racial minorities should do to increase their access to the political process - there are challenges between Latinos and blacks working together.

What is the thesis of Chang Ch 14?

This chapter argued that the future of Asian American politics is in community building efforts and strengthening Asian American communities. The future is not large typical political donations; true strength will come from indigenous communities.

T/F: Philip Randolph organized a march on Washington before MLK

True

T/F: SCOTUS members acknowledgement the influence of media/society

True

T/F: classical models involve (1) structural strain which leads to (2) disruptive psychological state which leads to (3) social movements

True

What is a single-member plurality voting district?

Under this system, an area is divided into a number of geographically defined voting districts, each represented by a single elected official. The most common district.

Walton was concerned with what type of freedom?

Universal freedom

What was Kennedy's plan for civil rights?

Voter Education Project

What was Proposition 187?

a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit illegal aliens from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of California

What is symbolic racism?

a coherent belief system that reflects an underlying unidimensional prejudice towards Black people in the United States. These beliefs include the stereotype that Blacks are morally inferior to White people, and that they violate traditional White American values such as hard work and independence

What is a two-round runoff voting district?

an area is divided into a number of geographically defined voting districts, each represented by a single elected official. The one caveat being two-round run offs or instant run offs. This disadvantages minorities.