Psy 101 chapters 5-8 quiz answers
What do alpha brain waves indicate?
A state of drowsiness and relaxation
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding imprinting?
After a certain age, imprinting cannot be modified at all.
As per the criteria laid out by Pavlov, in which of the following instances is stimulus-response conditioning between unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and conditioned stimulus (CS) LEAST likely to occur?
As per the criteria laid out by Pavlov, in which of the following instances is stimulus-response conditioning between unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and conditioned stimulus (CS) LEAST likely to occur?
Identify an accurate statement about the development of motor skills in babies.
Babies can hold objects by four months of age.
Pregnancy sickness occurs most commonly with exposure to foods susceptible to molds and to _____ substances.
Bitter
Every time Bernie does his chores, his mother gives him money. Which type of reinforcement is Bernie receiving?
Continuous
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, the dogs gradually stopped salivating to the bell once they learned that the bell wasn't accompanied by meat powder. This phenomenon is an example of
Extinction
Samantha had a vivid memory of being kidnapped as a child by her babysitter. However, she only believed this because her brother, as a prank, had convinced her about it. In truth, the babysitter had taken her to a neighbor's home for just a brief visit. Samantha's experience of being kidnapped is an example of a(n)
False memory
Which of the following senses is almost fully developed at birth?
Hearing
_____ focus on the overall needs of the patient and family members, such as physical comfort, emotional care, and a dignified death.
Hospices
Matthew can walk on his hands. He does not remember how he learned to do it, and he cannot explain to others how he does it. Matthew's skill of walking on his hands is characteristic of
Implicit memory
How does cocaine induce a sense of exhilaration?
Increasing the availability of dopamine and serotonin in synapses.
Sam is 70 years old. He feels that all the decisions he took in his personal life and in his work are coming together. He also feels that he has a better understanding of life now than when he was in his teens. In the context of Erik Erikson's theory of personality development, Sam's feelings best represent the concept of
Integrity
How can concentration meditation help an individual?
It can lead to an increase in sustained attention.
Which of the following statements accurately describes a function of sleep?
It helps in the cleanup of cerebral toxins that build up throughout the day.
Which of the following statements about the positive health effects of moderate alcohol intake is TRUE?
It is hotly debated for a variety of reasons.
Identify an accurate statement about fluid intelligence.
It is not influenced by culture or vocabulary.
Which of the following is a limitation of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory?
It omits the social component of cognitive development.
Which of the following statements holds true when the retina of the eyes detect light in the morning?
It stimulates the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Which of the following is TRUE about sensory memory?
It usually holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time.
Jennifer is nearly two years old. Whenever her mother brings her toys, she looks at them with surprise. When her mother hides them, Jennifer believes that the toys no longer exist and stops looking for them. According to Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, which of the following statements is TRUE about this scenario?
Jennifer has not developed a sense of object permanence.
Which of the following is TRUE about storage as a processing stage in long-term memory?
Memories are stored in at least three ways: hierarchies, schemas, and networks.
Bob, a 9-year-old, sees his older brother playing the guitar. Later that day, Bob picks up the guitar and pretends to play it. Bob's behavior is an example of
Mimicry
Can negative reinforcers be punishers?
No, because negative reinforcers increase desired behaviors.
Whenever Tony plays a complicated drum pattern in time, he gets a dollar from his drum instructor. Hence, Tony always tries to play the pattern perfectly. This is an example of
Operant conditioning
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of operant conditioning?
Organisms learn from the consequences of their behavior.
Natalie is a kindergarten teacher. She gives a candy to the students who successfully complete their activities in class. This ensures that her students pay attention to what is being taught in class. Natalie's act of giving students a candy or a toy for paying attention in class is an example of
Positive reinforcement
________ is the presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often that behavior will occur.
Positive reinforcement
What does the term preconscious refer to?
Potentially accessible material currently unavailable to awareness
According to the theory of moral reasoning developed by Kohlberg, _____ level is the least developed level of moral reasoning.
Preconventional
________ reinforcers are innate and often satisfy biological needs.
Primary
In the context of long-term memory, _____ is defined as a kind of memory made up of implicit knowledge for almost any behavior or physical skill we have learned.
Procedural memory
_____ memory is our memory for facts and knowledge
Semantic
Participants in studies of _____ are asked to think about the meaning of the words
Semantic processing
_____, the retention of memory over time, is the third stage of long-term memory formation.
Storage
Which of the following statements holds true when a person is fully awake?
The person experiences fluctuations in consciousness.
Identify an accurate statement about human brain development.
The rate of change slows down considerably after the age of six.
Aditi's mother recited to her a list of things to buy at the grocery store. Once she reached the store, she could only remember the items from the end of the list. This is an example of
The recency effect
Which of the following statements best describes the phenomenon of a flow state?
The sense of losing track of time while being engrossed in an activity.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Which of the following statements is TRUE of people who are minimally conscious?
They show signs of intentional behavior, but they cannot communicate.
The vision test that Gibson and Walk created to test babies' depth perception by having them crawl over a piece of plexiglass that made it seem as though there was a steep drop is called the
Visual cliff
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding association?
When two events are associated, the occurrence of one event may come to suggest that the other will occur.
When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting single cell is known as a(n)
Zygote
"ROY G. BIV" is an example of a(n) _____ that helps one remember the colors of the rainbow—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
acronym
The _____ is crucial for assigning emotional significance to particular events.
amygdala
The key event that distinguishes the embryonic stage from the third stage, the fetal stage, is the formation of the
bone cells
The behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with a conditioned stimulus is termed as a(n)
conditioned response.
The first step of forming memories involves
encoding one's sensory experiences.
How do psychologists define learning?
enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience
Research on spontaneous recovery suggests that
extinction leads to the suppression of a response.
Veronica's obstetrician tells her that her baby is in the tenth week of development. Bone cells have formed and most of the prominent organs of the baby have already begun to form. The baby is most likely in the _____ stage of prenatal development.
fetal
The _____ stage of development begins at conception and lasts for two weeks.
germinal
The most solid evidence of the effects of herbs on memory suggests that the ground-up leaves of the _____ tree can be moderately effective in delaying symptoms of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
ginkgo biloba
When an individual engages in synchronization, she or he
has a conscious experience.
Richard is a huge fan of Jelsy Hockey Club. He manages to get an entry ticket for a much-awaited match between his favorite team and a rival team. During the face-off, he is so engrossed in the game that he fails to notice a group of trespassers on the field. Which of the following terms explains Richard's behavior in this scenario?
inattentional blindness
Which of the following is a danger of using MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)?
increased risk of depression with repeated use
With reference to the strange-situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, _____ infants cannot be comforted by the mother on reunion and show difficulty in returning to play.
insecure resistant
An argument can be made that habituation is not a form of learning, because
it can disappear immediately with slight changes in the stimulus.
In the context of cognitive development, which of the following statements would most likely be supported by Lev Vygotsky?
learning is best understood as a social process
Memories of one's first pet and how to read reside in
long-term memory.
Which of the following is NOT an example of circadian rhythms?
menstrual cycle
A pediatrician is assessing nine-month-old Chiara's motor development, which involves observing changes in Chiara's
physical movement and body control
Which of the following glands sends hormonal signals to the sex glands, telling them to mature?
pituitary
The _____ is the region of the brain that plays an important part in attention, appropriate social behavior, impulse control, and working memory.
prefrontal cortex
Pavlov defined ________ as fixed stimulus-response patterns.
reflexes
According to Baddeley's model of short-term memory, the central executive will have trouble _____ in people who have sustained damage to their frontal lobes.
screening out irrelevant information from the environment
The ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others is termed as
selective attention
Nick can accurately recall the names of the capital cities of every country in North and South America. Nick's recall of these facts is an example of
semantic memory.
With EEG technology, scientists were able to learn that
sleep changes throughout the night
_____ occurs when a person gets out of bed during sleep, usually during the first third of the sleep cycle, and engages in activities that normally occur during wakefulness.
sleepwalking
Tracy was bitten by her neighbor's dog, and now she will not go near any household pets. This is an example of
stimulus generalization.
Which of the following regions has the lowest levels of dementia in the world?
sub-Saharan Africa
False memories are an example of
suggestibility
When we stop using learned information, the ________ that support our knowledge weaken and ultimately degrade—and we forget what we once knew.
synapses
Which of the following statements best describes the cocktail party effect?
the ability to filter out auditory stimuli and then to refocus attention on something that appears more meaningful
Diah says, "I know his name! He's married to that famous actress, and he was in all those action movies! His name begins with an A! ...I just cannot remember it!" Diah is experiencing
the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, he presented the sound of a bell along with meat powder to his dogs. After several trials, the dogs learned to salivate to the sound of the bell in the absence of the meat powder. In this study, meat powder acted as a(n)
unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
Tatiana is in an unresponsive condition though she can open her eyes. This suggests that she is in a(n) _____ state.
vegetative
What are the two aspects of consciousness?
wakefulness and awareness
