PSY 101 EXAM 4

Which statement is the best explanation of the fundamental attribution error? -We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. -We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and failures to the shortcomings of others. -We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. -We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes.

We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes.

When Bob noticed a pain in his thigh, he was convinced he had bone cancer. Although X-rays revealed no sign of cancer, Bob sought the opinions of a dozen other physicians who agreed with the original opinion. What psychological disorder might Bob's behavior indicate? Conversion Disorder. Pain Disorder. Hypochondriasis. Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Hypochondriasis

When a door-to-door salesperson gets you to buy a product after you first agree to use a sample, you have responded to the __________________ strategy. door-in-the-face lowball foot-in-the-door that's not all

foot-in-the-door

Dr. Lubold views abnormal behavior as stemming from people's inability to accept themselves. Dr. Lubold endorses the _______ perspective. psychoanalytic cognitive. behavioral. humanistic.

humanistic.

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to -feel a renewed sense of self-worth and determination. -identify and change irrational beliefs. -provide insight into underlying emotions and feelings. -learn adaptive behavior and unlearn maladaptive behavior.

identify and change irrational beliefs.

Research on the effectiveness of client-centered therapy suggests that it -makes clients feel better but does not really provide effective therapy. -is more effective than any other type of therapy. -is the least effective type of therapy available. -is at least as effective as other types of therapy.

is at least as effective as other types of therapy.

Julia grew up in an environment in which no matter what she did, she could not control the important events in her life. According to social learning theorists, she is likely to develop an underdeveloped ego. learned helplessness. conditional positive regard. an internal locus of control.

learned helplessness.

When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a diagnosis? mania dissociative fugue catatonic schizophrenia conversion disorder

mania

Delusions and hallucinations are most common in ____.​ ​-dissociative identity disorder ​-phobic disorder -schizophrenia ​-multiple personality disorder

schizophrenia

Shirley has a psychological disorder in which her connection with reality is weak in that her thinking is disorganized and she experiences hallucinations. Shirley would most likely be diagnosed with schizophrenia. obsessive-compulsive disorder. antisocial personality disorder. dissociative identity disorder.

schizophrenia.

When Martina swims laps by herself, she swims a 50 meter sprint in 31 seconds. When she swims in a race with other people, Martina can usually swim the same distance in only 30 seconds. Martina's performance illustrates social inhibition. groupthink. social facilitation. social loafing.

social facilitation.

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear? psychoanalytic cognitive sociocultural social learning

social learning

The liking or disliking we have for people, places, and things in our world are impressions. attitudes. prejudices. attributions.

attitudes.

Makena is in therapy for depression. Makena and her therapist work together in therapy to identify her negative automatic thoughts. They then test the accuracy of these thoughts. Makena is most likely undergoing cognitive therapy. client-centered therapy. behavior modification. psychoanalysis.

cognitive therapy.

Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them, make assumptions and inferences based on these observations, and then decide how to respond is called ___________. behavior therapy person-centered therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy Gestalt therapy

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Why do we engage in the stereotyping of people? -to help us perceive people more accurately -to validate our assumptions -to provide more complete information about individuals -to reduce the amount of information we need to process

to reduce the amount of information we need to process

Cognitive dissonance is most accurately described as stemming from ____.​ ​-fear of appearing foolish ​-inconsistencies among attitudes or between attitudes and behavior ​-social pressure to conform ​-the need to get along with the group

​inconsistencies among attitudes or between attitudes and behavior

​The two reasons given in the textbook for why we conform to group norms are ____. -​informational and normative conformity ​-obedience and compliance ​-cognitive consistency and mere exposure ​-attributional and cohesive conformity

​informational and normative conformity

You let your fingers do the walking through the Yellow Pages looking for a psychotherapist. Your attention is drawn to an advertisement for a group practice described as eclectic. When you call the receptionist to ask for a description of the practice, what will you be told? "The staff is trained in the biological perspective."€ "Our group focuses on clients' early life experiences."€ "All the professionals in this group have training in psychoanalysis." "Our staff uses a combination of methods to fit the client's needs."€

"Our staff uses a combination of methods to fit the client's needs."€

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session? -"Let's focus on your relationship with your father."€ -"Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?"€ -"You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."€ -"Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."€

"You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."€

Arturo wants to be a licensed counselor. What is the minimum educational training that Arturo will need to practice in this profession? -a bachelor's degree -a medical degree -a doctoral degree - a master's degree

- a master's degree

​The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to ____. ​-learn adaptive behavior and unlearn maladaptive behavior ​-feel a renewed sense of self-worth and determination ​-provide insight into underlying emotions and feelings - ​identify and change irrational beliefs

- ​identify and change irrational beliefs

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used? -A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor. -Ken is sexually attracted to young children. -Joe has been depressed for two years. -As a result of schizophrenia, David does not interact with members of his family.

-A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

Why is the rate of depression believed to be twice as high for women compared to men across various cultures? -The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression. -Women seek treatment more often than men. -The increased divorce rate has been more traumatic to how women view themselves and their purpose in life. -Women appear to have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter that plays a key role in depression.

-The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression.

Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond? -The majority would administer 450 volts as instructed. -The majority would immediately realize the use of deception and leave. -Most of the women would refuse to obey, whereas most of the men would obey. -Most of the participants would work together to force the experimenter to end the experiment.

-The majority would administer 450 volts as instructed.

A prejudice differs from a stereotype in that it includes ____.​ ​-a cognitive component -a negative emotional reaction ​-actions ​-a positive emotional reaction

-a negative emotional reaction

Stereotype threat occurs when -a person is discriminated against. -a person intimidates another person through the use of stereotypical insults and gestures. -a person's behavior confirms a stereotype when the person is aware of the stereotype. -the person who holds a stereotype is hurt by it just as much as the person whom the stereotype is about.

-a person's behavior confirms a stereotype when the person is aware of the stereotype.

Jeb is impulsive and disregards the rights of others without showing any remorse or guilt for his actions. It is most likely that Jeb has which one of the following personality disorders? antisocial personality disorder. schizoid personality disorder. histrionic personality disorder. borderline personality disorder.

antisocial personality disorder.

According to the idea that behavior is disordered if it is not typical or culturally accepted, a person who does something that other people very rarely do would be considered ____. ​-normal ​-compulsive ​-obsessive -abnormal

-abnormal

The medical model originated with the ____ perspective of abnormal behavior.​ -biological ​-cultural -psychological ​-social

-biological

Mania ____.​ ​-is a sad mood state -can include delusional thinking or hallucinations ​-does not occur in cyclothymia -​is a symptom of major depression

-can include delusional thinking or hallucinations

Whereas psychotherapists generally_____, psychiatrists _____. -cannot prescribe medications; can prescribe medications -do not practice insight therapy; do practice insight therapy -have a medical degree; do not have a medical degree -use Freudian methods of therapy; do not use Freudian methods of therapy

-cannot prescribe medications; can prescribe medications

Which symptoms are associated with major depression?​ ​-extreme ability to concentrate or focus ​-compulsions -change in sleep and appetite ​-exaggerated sense of self-esteem

-change in sleep and appetite

The perspective of abnormal behavior that emphasizes the effect of thinking, expectations, and mental assumptions is the ____ perspective.​ -cognitive ​-psychoanalytic ​-humanistic -learning

-cognitive

Dr. Rivera focuses less on unconscious forces that influence behavior and instead likes to emphasize how people's conscious interpretations of the world and their degree of self-awareness influence behavior. It is most likely that Dr. Rivera uses what type of therapy? -behavioral therapy -humanistic therapy -psychoanalysis -cognitive therapy

-humanistic therapy

A DSM diagnosis involves an evaluation of -mental and physical, but not social elements of a person's condition. -mental, but not physical elements of a person's condition. -mental and social, but not physical elements of a person's condition. -many different elements of a person's condition and situation.

-many different elements of a person's condition and situation.

​Based on the statistical frequency of mental illness, it is likely that ____ of all adults in the U.S. will suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder sometime in their life. ​-nearly 100% -more than half ​-nearly a quarter ​-more than three-quarters

-more than half

According to Darley and Latane, the five steps involved in helping a person in need are: -assess, determine need, determine responsibility, check safety, decide -notice, interpret, determine responsibility, decide how, implement -verify, review liability, call 911, help, recover -look around, call victim by name, get others involved, give assistance, evaluate help

-notice, interpret, determine responsibility, decide how, implement

Distressing memory flashbacks and nightmares are most closely associated with ____. ​-agoraphobia ​-obsessive-compulsive disorder -posttraumatic stress disorder ​-schizophrenia

-posttraumatic stress disorder

​Which of the following is among the American Psychological Association ethical standards for psychotherapists? ​-all business ventures involving a psychotherapist and his or her client must be approved by an attorney. ​-only using methods developed for the majority group in a particular country -respecting the confidentiality of client information ​-providing treatment for a set price

-respecting the confidentiality of client information

​A stereotype is a ____. -set of beliefs and information about a group of people ​-negative emotional reaction to a group of people ​-belief that a person is "bad" in some way ​-belief that a group of people are "bad" in some way

-set of beliefs and information about a group of people

Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. After taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements of his face, lips, and legs. Gary is showing signs of __________. -a clozapine overdose -neuroleptic malignant syndrome -tardive dyskinesia -savant syndrome

-tardive dyskinesia

Learning theorists believe that abnormal behavior results from ____.​ -the same learning processes that explain normal behavior ​-cultural norms and traditions ​-innate biological predispositions ​-unconscious conflicts surrounding parental relationships

-the same learning processes that explain normal behavior

Individuals with personality disorders do not usually seek treatment on their own because ____.​ -​they tend to have delusions that therapists are "out to get them" -they do not see anything wrong with their behavior ​-their poor grasp on reality makes it difficult for others to reason with them ​-their problems are usually not noticeable to others

-they do not see anything wrong with their behavior

Individuals with personality disorders do not usually seek treatment because -they do not see anything wrong with their behavior. -they tend to have delusions that therapists are "out to get them." -their problems are usually not noticeable to others. -their poor grasp on reality makes it difficult to reason with them.

-they do not see anything wrong with their behavior.

When is it appropriate for a therapist to break the confidentiality of communications with a client? -when the client is suspected of child abuse -It is never appropriate. -when the client is depressed -when the client expresses excessive anger

-when the client is suspected of child abuse

Cognitive therapy has been found to ____. -​be just as effective as medications in treating anxiety disorders and depression ​-not be effective in treating disorders which are thought to have behavioral causes ​-be the most successful treatment for depression and anxiety disorders ​-be helpful in treating anxiety disorders, but not especially helpful in treating depression

-​be just as effective as medications in treating anxiety disorders and depression

Discrimination is a ____.​ ​-negative emotional reaction to a group of people -​behavioral expression of prejudice ​-stereotype with an affective component ​-set of beliefs and information about a group of people

-​behavioral expression of prejudice

​In humanistic therapy, the therapist's role is to ____. -​create a safe environment for self-exploration ​-interpret the client's resistance and transference behaviors ​-change contingencies of reinforcement to produce adaptive behavior ​-challenge and dispute faulty thinking processes

-​create a safe environment for self-exploration

What term refers to the idea that the more people are present when an accident occurs, the less likely people will be to help? ​-the bystander effect -​diffusion of responsibility ​-pluralistic ignorance ​-social exclusion

-​diffusion of responsibility

​Psychoanalysts believe that the goal of therapy is to ____. ​-enhance one's sense of self-worth ​-achieve self-actualization ​-eliminate distorted beliefs and perceptions -​gain insight into the real source of problems

-​gain insight into the real source of problems

​Couple therapy focuses on ____. ​-teaching partners in a committed relationship how to maintain their own individuality in order to better their relationship ​-helping each individual in a couple get what they want out of the relationship ​-teaching partners in a committed relationship how to deny their own individuality and selfhood in order to better the relationship -​improving communication and intimacy between two people in a committed relationship

-​improving communication and intimacy between two people in a committed relationship

The study of attribution is concerned with the ____. ​-components of a persuasive message ​-development of stereotypes and prejudices ​-relationship between attitudes and behavior -​process of assigning cause to behavior

-​process of assigning cause to behavior

​In family therapy, ____. -​the identified patient is often seen as the scapegoat for the larger problems in the family. ​-the family member who is identified as the patient is taught how to conform with the rest of the family ​-others in the family are taught how to deal with the family member who is the identified patient ​-family members are given the opportunity to act as therapists for each other

-​the identified patient is often seen as the scapegoat for the larger problems in the family.

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from what? Dissociative Amnesia. Dissociative Identity Disorder. Dissociative Fugue Disorder. Dissociative Disorder.

Dissociative Fugue Disorder.

Joey experienced a great amount of anger throughout his childhood and adolescence that he turned inward rather than expressing to others. As a result of not expressing his anger, which of the following disorders is Joey at risk of developing? Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Major Depressive Disorder. Bipolar Disorder. Schizophrenia.

Major Depressive Disorder.

"Look! Up in the sky! It's a bird. It's a plane. It's Superman!" If you looked up, would you be conforming? -Yes. Conformity means doing what you are told or else, especially in the presence of an authority figure or a group of bystanders. -Yes. You would be looking up because you were told to do so. -No. Looking up only means you are curious. -No. Conformity requires that you base your behavior on what other people are doing, not being told to do so.

No. Conformity requires that you base your behavior on what other people are doing, not being told to do so.

Winnie recently discovered that her favorite recording artist supports a political party that she dislikes very much. According to dissonance theory, how might this news affect Winnie's attitudes? -She will start liking both the artist and her favorite political party -less. -She will start liking the recording artist less. -She will not experience any attitude change as a result of this news. -She will start liking the recording artist more.

She will start liking the recording artist less.

In the last six months Shelly has visited her physician ten times to complain of numerous physical symptoms. The physician has been unable to find a physical cause for her symptoms. What category of psychological disorders is the physician likely to suspect Shelly exhibits? Dissociative. Anxiety. Somatoform. Mood.

Somatoform

"Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation? -The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution. -The driver was making a dispositional attribution; the officer was making a situational attribution. -Both individuals were making fundamental attribution errors. -Both individuals were making situational attributions.

The driver was making a situational attribution; the officer was making a dispositional attribution.

Emilio lives in Miami, Florida. All other things being equal, who is Emilio most likely to be attracted to? Sally, a woman who lives in New York City Yvonne, a woman who lives in his apartment building Sara, a woman who lives across town Carla, a woman from another town in Florida

Yvonne, a woman who lives in his apartment building

In which of the following situations would the audience most likely trust the communicator? -a salesperson telling you all about the benefits of his product -a car salesperson telling you about the pros and cons of the newest models -a politician giving a speech lauding the merits of her platform -a person working for a charity explaining why you should donate to her cause

a car salesperson telling you about the pros and cons of the newest models

​Milgram's obedience studies illustrate that ____. ​-men will not be especially obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions -only Germans and others in Eastern Europe will be obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions -a majority of people in many different parts of the Western world will be obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions ​-the majority of people derive pleasure from hurting others

a majority of people in many different parts of the Western world will be obedient to an authority figure who requests unethical actions

Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance? -the tendency for members of a close-knit group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement -a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the person's attitude -the tendency for members of a group to avoid taking responsibility for their actions because they assume that others will do so -a belief that a statement is true just because the person has heard it repeated over and over again

a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the person's attitude

Which of the following would most likely create a state of cognitive dissonance as defined by social psychologists? -believing that "honesty is the best policy," but cheating on a test -learning that you were right about something -wanting something particular for a birthday gift and not getting it -finding out that your partner is buying you a nice anniversary present

believing that "honesty is the best policy," but cheating on a test

Which of the following is not an attitude? believing that El Salvador is in Central America having green as a favorite color liking spinach soufflé and parsnips disliking boxing, football, and wrestling

believing that El Salvador is in Central America

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality. intrapersonal model biological model psychoanalytic model behavioral model

biological model

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ___________. psychotherapy physical therapy biomedical therapy electroconvulsive shock therapy

biomedical therapy

Jack sometimes experiences periods of boundless but unfocused energy, and then at other times he loses interest in life and experiences profound sadness. Jack is exhibiting the symptoms of bipolar disorder major depressive disorder dysthymia cyclothymic disorder

bipolar disorder

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships, but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from __________ personality disorder. borderline avoidant dependent antisocial

borderline

The cognitive neoassociation theory of aggression proposes that guns -do not contribute to violence levels in any way. -are only a stimulant to violence when in the hands of an aggressive person. -become a stimulant to violence through the conscious and logical thinking processes of the people who use them. -can influence aggressive thoughts because of their association with fear and anger in our memories.

can influence aggressive thoughts because of their association with fear and anger in our memories.

Jorge and Liza have been married for eight years. During the early years of their marriage they rarely fought and had little difficulty settling their minor disputes. Lately, however, they cannot agree and constantly bicker and insult one another. Often, they go days without speaking to each other to avoid another confrontation. Jorge and Liza might best be helped with a self-help group. client-centered therapy. individual psychotherapy. couple therapy.

couple therapy.

A person asks you if you would volunteer to counsel delinquent youths at a detention center for two years. When you refuse, she asks you if you could supervise the youths during a trip to the zoo. She is using the __________ effect. foot-in-the-door bait-and-switch lowball door-in-the-face

door-in-the-face

Danika has been sad and downcast for the last three years. She feels worthless and has difficulty making decisions, although she is able to manage her responsibilities for the most part. Danika is most likely to be diagnosed with cyclothymic disorder bipolar depression major depressive disorder dythymic disorder

dythymic disorder

​Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy has shown that those receiving therapy ____. ​-generally end up better off than those who do not receive any form of therapy, but not better off than those taking a placebo ​-usually end up no better off than those who did not receive therapy ​-generally end up better off than those taking a placebo, but not better off than those who do not receive any form of therapy -generally end up better off than both those who do not receive therapy and those who take placebos

generally end up better off than both those who do not receive therapy and those who take placebos

Which of the following types of therapy would provide the greatest opportunity to learn from others who share similar problems? psychoanalysis rational-emotive therapy group therapy token economy therapy

group therapy

Lana is part of a committee that is working to develop a new product at her company. The product is top-secret and it has to be finished in less than a week to beat the competition to market. The committee is working day and night in total secrecy to avoid leaking the details of their design to the competition. Knowing what you know about groups, which of the following is most likely to be seen in Lana's group? cognitive dissonance. group think. fundamental attribution error. prejudice.

group think.

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as __________. delusions compulsions hallucinations obsessions

hallucinations

Jane Elliot's "brown eye/blue eye" demonstration with her 3rd grade class in the 1970s showed how easy it is to create prejudice in children. that children do not naturally hold prejudice toward others. that prejudice can have both positive and negative effects on victims. why segregation can be helpful in preventing prejudice.

how easy it is to create prejudice in children.

John has been extremely depressed to the point that his close friends are concerned that he is suicidal. But after spring break, John seems to be in a much better mood. He is thinking more clearly and seems more energetic. Based on the information in your text on suicide, John's risk for suicide has definitely decreased. was probably over-rated by his friends. is probably about the same as before. may have increased.

may have increased.

The most common form of biomedical therapy today is ____. ​ECT medication ​psychosurgery ​chiropractic

medication

If you find that you are beginning to like the person more and more that you sit next to in your psychology class, you may be experiencing the bystander effect. mere exposure effect conformity effect. attribution effect.

mere exposure effect

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention? a superego that is too harsh and strict unusual levels of neurotransmitters learned behaviors of depression negative interpretations of life events

negative interpretations of life events

Rey always has panic attacks when he is in crowds. Lately, they occur so frequently and unexpectedly that he avoids any place or situation where he expects to be among large groups of people. Rey is most likely to be diagnosed with __________. obsessive-compulsive disorder phobic disorder panic disorder and agoraphobia generalized anxiety disorder

panic disorder and agoraphobia

Cassandra has recently had several short but highly intense experiences in which physical anxiety suddenly overwhelms her, making her feel as if she is having a heart attack. Her symptoms are most consistent with generalized anxiety disorder. bipolar disorder. panic disorder. schizophrenia.

panic disorder.

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months. He is probably suffering from a __________. personality disorder somatoform disorder conversion reaction phobic disorder

phobic disorder

Zimbardo's prison study showed that -individuals will conform to information provided by a group even when it is obvious the group is wrong. -superordinate goals can lead to reduced conflict between groups. -even in an emergency many will not help others in need. -playing a role can cause a person to lose sight of internal values.

playing a role can cause a person to lose sight of internal values.

Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ___________. bipolar disorder schizophrenia post-traumatic stress disorder depression

post-traumatic stress disorder

Michelle was involved in a terrible car accident in which her brother was killed and has experienced recurrent flashbacks and nightmares since the accident. She may have posttraumatic stress disorder generalized anxiety disorder adjustment disorder agorphobia

posttraumatic stress disorder

A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _____ . His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _____. prejudice; discrimination stereotyping; attribution discrimination; prejudice attribution; stereotyping

prejudice; discrimination

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference. This is an example of __________ therapy. psychoanalytic behavior person-centered rational-emotive

psychoanalytic

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the __________ model of abnormality. biological psychoanalytic cognitive behavioral

psychoanalytic

A college instructor's schedule has her teaching an honors section of psychology. Halfway through the semester, she is told that her class was NOT an honors section after all. She responds, "This is the best class I have ever taught and the grades prove it." What concept might a psychologist use to explain the grades this class earned and the teacher's high opinion of the class? subject bias covert sensitization collectivism self-fulfilling prophecy

self-fulfilling prophecy

Randa just failed her history exam because she neglected to study. Afterwards, she attributes her failure to the fact that her boyfriend kept her up too late the night before when he refused to turn down the stereo so that she could sleep. The next day she aces her biology test. Randa attributes her success on it to her own intelligence. Randa appears to be engaging in which attributional bias? self-effacing bais fundamental attribution error blaming the victim self-serving bias

self-serving bias

George is suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience __________. amnesia severe depression severe anxiety hypochondriasis

severe anxiety

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criteria by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal? social norm deviance subjective discomfort maladaptive statistical definition

subjective discomfort

Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis. His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening. Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist. Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following? create resistance within the client uncover repressed material facilitate unconditional positive regard facilitate positive transference

uncover repressed material

We commit the fundamental attribution error when ____. -​we discount situational explanations for behavior and rely more on trait explanations ​-we conform to a group norm even though we do not really want to ​-we change an attitude to match our behavior ​-we view the actions of others from their perspective

we discount situational explanations for behavior and rely more on trait explanations

​The assumption of behavior therapy is that ____. -​both normal and abnormal behaviors are learned from the environment ​-normal behavior is learned from the environment, but abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes ​-abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes, but normal behavior is learned from the environment ​-all behavior is the product of thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions

​both normal and abnormal behaviors are learned from the environment

In Zimbardo's mock prison study, ____. ​-prisoners developed rival gangs amongst themselves - ​guards became abusive and prisoners became docile ​-female prisoners became just as hardened and rebellious as male -prisoners ​-guards and prisoners together overthrew the prison warden's authority

​guards became abusive and prisoners became docile