PSY 210 chp 5

Which of the following are examples of gross motor skills acquired In childhood

running, climbing, jumping

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a child who has developed executive function skills

stimulus driven

Preschool children learn and apply the more advanced grammar rules of ____ which involves how words should be ordered in a sentence

syntax

Young children learn early to place a WH word at the beginning of a sentence when properly asking a question this shows advances in

syntax

The main cause of death among young children is

Accidents

Which of the following are major cognitive Theories of development that address the early childhood years

Information processing theory Vygotsky's theory Piaget's theory

With regard to young children who are learning English as a first language all children will

Learn the prepositions on and in before any other preposition

The retention of information overtime is defined as

Memory

In the English language, the letters thr may be combined as in the word throat. However the letters may not be combined in the order rht. This is an example of

Phonology

What involves how sounds are used and how sounds are combined

Phonology

Preschool children tend to compare things and a haphazard way where is elementary school age children exhibit ____ by comparing two items systematically one detail at of time

Planfullness

Rebecca a six year old girl is very good at carrying on conversations with people her two-year-old brother Jack is not very good at carrying on conversations this is primarily due to an increase understanding of

Pragmatics

The second stage of piagets cognitive of theory of development last from ages 2 to 7 is called the

Preoperational stage

Which of the following guidelines as his parents and teaching proper eating habits to their children

Preparing a balanced meal with proper representation of the major food groups ,modeling healthy eating habits ,and maintaining a breakfast lunch and dinner routine

Which age group is most accessible to the suggestion

Preschoolers

What theory views children as thinkers who can predict explain and understand them selves and others

Theory of mind

What statements best describes the advances in pragmatics in early childhood

They can adapt their speech based on their setting Are able to present competent narratives Can learn rules regarding politeness

Which of the following statements best describes child center kindergartens

They emphasize play, focus on process of learning not on what is learned, see children as individuals with their own developmental patterns of growth

True or false researchers suggest that instruction to enhance US children's ability to read and write should be built on skills that children already know

True

Two controversies in early childhood education involve what the curriculum should be and whether preschool education should be ____ in the us

Universal

an increase insight and an increase in _____ are the two most obvious physical changes that occur during early childhood years

Weight

The recommended amount of sleep for 3 to 4 year olds is

10-13

Which of the following statements best describes the key elements of piagets second stage of cognitive development

All the following are true: (1) Children from stable concepts and begin to reason (2) Children continue to be egocentric and have magical beliefs (3) Children are able to use words to describe their world

The focusing of mental resources on select information is:

Attention

A young child who says where daddy is going or what that girl is doing has yet to fully understand which of the following

Auxiliary-inversion rule

Children begin the transition from saying simple to more complex sentences

Between two and three years old

Which of the following most strongly influences a child's eating behavior

Caregivers behavior

Along with the recommended amount of sleep, the world health organization also recommends which of the following sleep habits for 3-4 year old children

Consistent sleep and wake times

Vygotsky's Theory Stress the importance of social cultural influence on children's development which fits the belief that is important to evaluate

Contextual factors in learning

In early childhood ____ functioning involves developmental advances in cognitive flexibility goalsetting and cognitive inhibition

Executive

What attention supports the rapid increase is an effort full control involving action planning and allocating attention to goals during the toddler and preschool years. And increase appreciation of their surroundings help children prolong their___ attention

Executive and sustained

True or false: the brain grows more rapidly in childhood than in infancy

False

Early Head Start serves children

From birth to age 3

In early childhood executive function involved which of the following developmental advances

Goal setting, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility

Which of the following is a government program to provide skills for success in school for preschool children for low income families in the US

Head start

The most obvious physical change in early childhood is growth in

Height and weight

Which of the following factors influence the accuracy of young child memory

Individual differences in susceptibility Age differences in susceptibility to suggestion Interviewing techniques that produce substantial distortions

Preschool children control of attention is deficient. They are likely to pay attention to

Salient features rather than relevant features

____ Term memory involves retaining information out to 30 seconds without rehearsal

Short term memory

The child's ability to pay attention improves ___ during the preschool years

Significantly

Which of the following emphasizes the social contacts of learning in the construction of knowledge through social interaction

Social constructivist approach

Rank the main causes of death among young children, from the highest incidence to the lowest incidence.

accidents, congenital malformations, malignant neoplasm, homicide

Which of the following best characterizes theory of mind

thoughts about how one's own mental processes work and the mental processes of others

Sustained attention is also known as

vigilance