PSY 210-Exam 2 MC

Susan's deviation IQ score is 115;therfore, her deviation IQ score is _________ standard deviation above the mean for her age group.

1.0

For most Americans, the acronym USA is _________ chunk of information; the date 1776 is _______ chunk of information.

1/1

The duration of auditory sensory register is approximately...

4 to 5 seconds

The key theme of the Loftus and Palmer study of false memory described in the text is...

false memories can become "real" memories leading us to feel confident that they actually occurred

Compared to fixed-schedule of partial reinforcement, variable schedules lead to __________ periods with no responding and are __________ resistant to extinction.

fewer/more

Despite many unsuccessful attempts, Steve repeated tries to change the settings on his cell phone by using the same menu selections. By not trying a different set of options from the menu, Steve is displaying a form of...

fixation

Long periods of little responding followed by a burst of responding is MOST characteristic of which of the following partial reinforcement characteristic schedules?

fixed interval

Which of the following is NOT a secondary reinforce?

food

Talking about his acquaintance Doug who is really "into" technology, Dave says that it is more likely that Doug has both a Blue-ray player and a flat screen TV than just a Blue-ray player. Apparently influenced by the __________heuristic, Dave has _____________.

representativeness/committed the conjunction fallacy

With respect to intelligence, eugenics is...

selective reproduction to enhance the mental capacities of the human race

According to the three-stage model of memory, in what sequence does incoming information flow through memory?

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

When behavioral psychologists reinforce successive approximations to the desired response, they are using the process of...

shaping

Which of the following is the BEST example of positive punishment?

spanking a child for not obeying rules results in decreases in disobedience

Following a break in extinction training, a burst of responding on a cumulative record illustrates which of the following?

spontaneous recovery

Retrieval is...

the process of bringing information stored in long-term memory to the conscious level in short-term memory

If you better remember the words "happy" and "cheerful" from a list of words because they are characteristics you embody. you are likely experiencing...

the self-reference effect

What is the purpose of standardization?

to permit interpretation of scores against norms

If Pavloc presented the tone, waited a few moments, and then presented the meat powder he would have been using...

trace conditioning

Slot machines provide reinforcement on a __________ schedule of reinforcement.

variable ratio

Carla dislikes washing dishes. When Carla shows her mother an excellent report card, her mother tells Carla that she does not have to do the dishes for a week. In this example, not doing the dishes is being associated with which of the following processes?

negative reinforcement

Stan tried a new pain reliever specifically designed for headaches. He found the pain reliever so effective that he uses only this product for his headaches. In this example, taking the pain reliever to get rid of the headache is an example of which of the following processes?

negative reinforcement

Stan loves junk food and eats it every day in vast quantities. Stan's wife keeps telling him that research results show that he is killing himself with his diet, but Stan simply points to his grandfather who lived to be 92 and ate junk food most of his life. Stan is using __________ to justify his junk food eating behavior.

person-who reasoning

When the UCS no longer follows the CS, it is likely that the ___________ will disappear through the process of __________.

CR/extinction

Which of the following is an example of an erroneous belief that may arise through subjunctive, non-scientific hypothesis testing?

Mental telepathy is a somewhat uncommon, but clearly verifiable, extension of our sensory abilities

Which of the following is TRUE of operant conditioning?

Operant conditioning is concerned with how behavior operates on the environment by bringing about certain consequences.

Susan has conditioned her cats to come running when she shakes their box of kitty treats. In this case, the treats serve as the...

UCS

The availability heuristic is...

a rule of thumb that the more easily we remember an event, the more probable it is

To locate a missing receipt that Dennis knows he put in a file, Dennis systematically goes through each of the folders he uses, starting with A and working his way toward Z. This search procedure most closely resembles which of the following problem-solving strategies?

an algorithm

When a very small dog licks a 2-year old Abby's hand, Abby calls the animal a cat because her framework of knowledge about cats relates to small animals and her framework knowledge about dogs relates to bigger animals. Her retrieval of the label "cat" was most clearly influences by which of the following?

an existing schema

Because Tim is likely to notice when it rains after he washes his car, he believes there is a relationship between washing his care and the occurrence of rain. This perceived relationship best illustrates which of the following?

an illusory correlation

According to James Flynn, which of the following has likely contributed to the increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over the past century?

an increase in the need for abstract and scientific thinking

According to Thorndike's law effect...

any behavior that results in negative consequences is likely to be extinguished

Sandra read a section of her textbook, but when she tried to answer the concept questions at the end of the section, she could not even remember the reading about the topic covered in the questions. It is likely that when reading, Sandra used _________ rather than _________ which is required for effective study.

automatic processing/effortful processing

Token economies represent examples of the successful use of...

behavioral modification and secondary reinforcers

Pavloc developed procedures for __________ conditioning to study the __________ reflex.

classical/salivary

If your psychology test included material that was not assigned or covered in class, you could most reasonably argue that the test lacked which of the following?

content validity

H.M.'s performance on the mirror-tracing task revealed that he...

could encode new procedural memories

When she was in the living room, the light flickered, and Jane went to the kitchen to get a new bulb from the cabinet. However, when she got to the kitchen, she forgot why she was there. As soon as she returned to the living room and saw the flickering light, she remembered why she had gone to the kitchen. This memory difficulty most clearly illustrates which of the following theories of forgetting?

cue dependent

We can effectively eliminate the recency effect in a free recall task by...

delaying the time between presentation and recall of the words

Which of the following is NOT an ill-defined problem?

determining the number of square feet in your bedroom before purchasing carpet

The fact that most Americans cannot easily recall exactly what a U.S. penny looks like is best explained by which of the following?

encoding failure

When recall of a memory requires conscious effort and entails making declarations about the information remembered, you are using your __________ memory.

explicit

Kevin's reaction range for IQ is between 90 and 130. Which of the following factors would predict that Kevin might reach the upper limits of his reaction range?

if Kevin receives good nutrition and lives in a high-quality environment

Which of the following would be considered a "reflex" according to classical conditioning?

jumping in response to a "pop" of a firecracker

The average correlation between fraternal twins raised together is ____________ than that for identical twins reared apart, indicating the influence of ___________ factors.

less/hereditary

In a free recall task, items from the middle of the list are typically recalled ________ frequently than those at the beginning of the list and _________ frequently than those at the end of the list.

less/less

When we need to use information previously stored, it flows from _______ memory into _______ memory.

long-term/short-term

A problem-solving technique that makes use of sub goals in reducing the distance between start states and goal states is...

means-end analysis

The tendency to seek evidence that supports our hypothesis is known as...

the confirmation bias

One explanation for infantile/child amnesia is that _________ is not fully developed.

the hippocampus

Whenever Frances is angry with her brother Gerald, she more easily recalls many of the times she has been treated unfairly by others in the past. Which of the following best explains this?

the mood-congruent effect