PSY 303 F.E. Previous Quizzes
Researchers today believe that make-believe play
both reflects and contributes to children's cognitive and social skills.
Compared with younger people, middle-aged adults see themselves as __________.
capable of effectively managing a complex array of tasks
Mr. Ponyo had a series of strokes that left areas of dead brain cells, causing step-by-step degeneration of his mental ability. Mr. Ponyo is experiencing
cerebrovascular dementia.
Jade spend two years in a Mexican-American community studying communication between parents and children. Jade is using the _________ research method.
ethnographic
According to the pragmatic approach to morality,
everyday moral judgments are practical tools that people use to achieve their goals.
Research suggests that infants
have basic numeric knowledge
G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,
launched the normative approach.
Research shows that maternal employment
leads fathers to take on greater child-care responsibilities.
Research findings indicate that __________.
lesbian and gay parents are as committed to and effective as heterosexual parents
Stranger anxiety is
less common in cultures where babies are frequently passed from one adult to another.
Unlike children in the concrete operational stage, adolescents can evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances, which Piaget called
propositional thought
Telomeres __________.
protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction
Sally comes home with a note from school about her bad behavior in class. Her mother calls her names and threatens to send her to boarding school if she ever does anything like that again. What form of discipline is Sally's mother using?
psychological aggression
Cross-linking can be reduced by
regular exercise and a healthy diet.
A doctor notices a sharp rise in the number of older adults contracting a rare skin disorder. He collects information on their lifestyles, as well as the lifestyles of their peers without the disorder, in order to determine risk and protective factors. What type of study is he conducting?
retrospective
The overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce is
shielding the child from family conflict and using authoritative child rearing.
School-age children use frequent __________ in their self-descriptions.
social comparisons
According to Vygostsky, which of the following is essential for children's normal development?
social interaction via language
Domonique is an air traffic controller. Because of her occupational experiences, Domonique will likely demonstrate smaller age-related declines in __________ than her middle-aged peers.
task-switching
Research shows that children more often use private speech when
tasks are appropriately challenging or they are confused about how to proceed.
Miranda says "more apple." This two-word utterance is an example of
telegraphic speech
When asked about her future vocational choice, 14-year-old Solange says, "I'm good at math and I like solving problems. But I like helping people. So maybe teaching math or working as an engineer would be good." Solange is in the __________ period of vocational development.
tentative
Jonathan views himself as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to unusual depths of despair. Which of the following cognitive distortions contribute to Jonathan's views?
the personal fable
Certain that others are observing and thinking about them, teenagers develop an inflated sense of their own importance known as
the personal fable.
Nadine, an average-weight adult, gained a small amount of weight between the ages of 25 and 50. Nadine should know that __________.
this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate
A diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is made
through exclusion, after ruling out other causes of dementia.
The effects of teratogens
vary with the age of the organism at the time of exposure.
Tiffany is a small-for-date baby. This means she
was born below her expected weight considering length of the pregnancy.
When asked "Tell me about yourself," which of the following is 3-year-old Riley the most likely to say?
"I have new, blue shoes."
Sam is an American sixth grader. Compared to his Asian agemates, when asked to describe himself, Sam is more likely to say which of the following?
"I like hockey."
__________ seems to foster a more positive, coherent early self-concept.
A warm, sensitive parent-child relationship
Which of the following statements about identity development is true?
Adolescents of both sexes typically make progress on identity concerns before experiencing genuine intimacy in relationships.
What did Warneken and Tomasello (2014) conclude from their study on altruism in children?
Altruism is a primarily innate behavior
jerome has severe autism, and his parents enroll him in a program where he learns how to walk quietly in the grocery store (e.g., he gets a sticker for every aisle that he doesn't pull something off the shelf). What kind of therapy is Jerome receiving?
Applied behavior analysis
Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is true?
At first, recent memory is most impaired, but as serious disorientation sets in, recall of distant events evaporates
Which of the following statements about basic emotions is true?
Babies' earliest emotional life consists of attraction to pleasant stimulation and withdrawal from unpleasant stimulation.
Which of the following statements about a blastocyst is true?
Between the seventh and ninth day, it burrows deep into the uterine lining.
In __________, terminally ill patients are often not told the truth of their prognosis, out of concern that telling might disrupt family relationships and harm patients' well-being.
China, Korea, and Japan
Which statement about adolescent friendships is true?
Close friendships provide a foundation for future intimate relationships.
Which statement is true about sibling relationships in middle adulthood?
Despite reduced contact, many siblings feel closer in midlife, often in response to major life events.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the cephalocaudal trend of body growth?
During the prenatal period, the head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on emotional intelligence?
Emotional intelligence is positively associated with self-esteem and prosocial behavior.
Which strategy helps minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts constructively?
Ensure that schools respect minority youths' native languages.
Which of the following statements about pattern perception is true?
If babies are sensitive to the contrast in two or more patterns, they prefer the one with more contrast.
Which of the following statements about familial Alzheimer's disease is true?
It generally has an early onset, between ages 30 and 60.
Which of the following statements about Lawrence Kohlberg's well-known "Heinz dilemma" is true?
Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an individual reasons about the dilemma, not the content of the response, that determines moral maturity.
Thomas became angry after a playmate took his truck away. How can Thomas's father help him to regulate his emotion?
Label Thomas's feelings, encourage him to describe his internal state, and offer a comforting hug.
Which of the following statements about the permissive child-rearing style is true?
Many permissive parents lack confidence in their ability to influence their child's behavior.
According to Levinson, which statement about gender differences in dreams is true?
Most career-oriented women have "split dreams" involving both marriage and career.
Which of the following statements about infantile amnesia is true?
Most older children and adults cannot retrieve events that happened before age 3.
Which of the following statements about psychological well-being in late adulthood is true?
Negative reactions to caregiving can result in persisting depression.
Maryann is pregnant and works in a smoke-filled environment. What can you tell her about passive smoking?
Passive smoking is related to low birth weight, infant death, and childhood respiratory illnesses.
Gardner thought intelligence should be judged by its ______, while Sternberg instead focused on the _____________ of intelligence.
Products; process
Randy is viewed by both adults and peers as relaxed, independent, and self-confident. Maria is viewed by both groups as physically attractive, lively, and sociable. Which of the following is likely to be true?
Randy is an early-maturing boy, and Maria is a late-maturing girl.
Which statement is true about sex differences in heart attack symptoms and treatments?
Rather than chest pain, many women experience extreme fatigue and symptoms often mistaken for a panic attack.
Which of the following statements about the "wear-and-tear" theory of aging is true?
Regular, moderate-to-vigorous exercise predicts a longer life, which is contrary to the theory.
Which statement is true about sexuality in middle adulthood?
The best predictor of sexual frequency in midlife is relationship satisfaction.
Which statement about cognitive development in early adulthood is true?
The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the prefrontal cortex.
Sammy and Billy are conjoined monozygotic twins. What probably happened in the womb?
The egg split late in the germinal stage, resulting in an incomplete separation
Which of the following is an ethical concern regarding the use of reproductive technologies?
The in vitro "sex sorter" method could lead to parental sex selection
Which of the following statements about individuals with anorexia nervosa is true?
They typically deny or minimize the seriousness of their disorder.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of autism?
Unusually high vocabulary at age 2.5 years
Which statement is true about research regarding the midlife crisis?
Vaillant saw examples of a slow and steady change, rather than a crisis.
Vivica, who is African American, and Jolene, who is European American, are both active and eat healthy foods. Which statement is true about their risk of hypertension and heart disease as they age?
Vivica has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Jolene.
Which of the following seems to reduce an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?
a "Mediterranean diet"
Which of the following pictures is newborn Alex most likely to prefer to look at?
a black-and-white checkerboard with a few large squares
In the final month of pregnancy,
a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.
Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________, which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.
a recast
Two-year-old Laura dropped a block into her toy box. She then dropped a cup, a car, and a doll into the box, throwing some objects gently, while using more force with others. Laura's modification of her dropping scheme is an example of
accommodation
Laurent plans to major in engineering in college. When asked if he might change his career path, he responds, "I might, but I doubt it. I've spent a lot of time studying my options. I'm pretty sure engineering is right for me." Laurent is demonstrating identity
achievement
When __________, preschoolers' pictures become more comprehensible and detailed.
adults draw with children and point out the resemblances between drawings and objects
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a genetic counselor?
advising clients on which course of action to take
Mr. Frankel is dying. According to Kübler-Ross, Mr. Frankel's recognition that time is short and that he will not have a chance to do all he wants to do may promote which of the five typical responses to the prospect of death?
anger
Three-year old Abah refuses to leave his stuffed elephant at home. He explains, "She feels scared because she is alone." Abah is using
animistic thinking
Responses to moral dilemmas in both village societies and industrialized cultures that highly value interdependence __________ than in North America and Western Europe.
are more other-directed
When children are not changing much cognitively, they __________ more than they __________.
assimilate; accommodate
During ___________, children use their current schemes to interpret the external world, whereas in _________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing that their current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely.
assimilation; accommodation
Throughout adolescence, __________.
attachment between siblings remains strong for most young people
A person who lists being a valued older adult as a gratification of grandparenthood especially values __________.
being perceived as a wise, helpful person
Which factor contributes to the sharp rise in suicide from childhood to adolescence?
belief in the personal fable
Beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions start to emphasize
both negative and positive traits.
History-graded influences explain why ____________ tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times.
cohorts
According to Sternberg, in the transformation from a passionate to a companionate and compassionate bond, __________ may be the aspect of love that determines whether a relationship survives.
commitment
According to the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC-r), neural resource enrichment (e.g., education level, multilingualism) directly affects
compensatory processes
Four-year-old Jasmine is shown two identical tall glasses of water and agrees that they contain the same amount of liquid. When the liquid is poured into a short, wide container, she says that there is more water in the shorter container because it is "all spread out." Jasmine is demonstrating a lack of understanding of
conservation.
One of the strengths of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is that it
considers abilities present outside of the school setting
Levinson found that during the transition to early adulthood, most young people __________.
constructed a dream that guided their decision making
Once formed, identity
continues to be refined in adulthood as people reevaluate earlier commitments and choices.
A new mother believes that her baby will be strongly shaped by his surrounding environment, so she takes him to advanced theoretical physics lectures at a nearby college. She believes that as her son soaks up these experiences, he will gradually learn about academia and the value of knowledge. In terms of basic issues in developmental psychology, what are this mother's views?
continuous, reactive, emphasis on nurture
The five reactions Kübler-Ross observed are best viewed as __________.
coping strategies that anyone may call on in the face of threat
Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular dementia are both types of
cortical dementia.
Professor Gimbly wants to investigate how children of different ages characterize their friendships, and he wants to collect all the data this year. He should use a __________ design.
cross-sectional
Brofenbrenner's macrosystem consists of
cultural values, laws, customs, and resources
the placenta
delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism.
Research showed that by age 3, children in Early Head Start
demonstrated gains in cognitive and language development.
As Angelo approaches age 50, he feels increasingly disheartened about his poor relationship with his two sons. At work, he volunteers to mentor a young new hire who is about the age of his oldest boy. According to Levinson, Angelo is confronting which developmental task?
destruction-creation
When asked about her political beliefs, Blair responds, "Oh, I don't know. It doesn't make much difference to me." Blaire is demonstrating identity
diffusion
On hypothetical dilemmas as well as everyday moral problems, adolescent and adult females __________.
display reasoning at the same stage as their male agemates, and often at a higher stage
In Bowlby's theory, babies in the preattachment phase
do not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult.
When Imelda considers which of five movies most deserves an Oscar, she moves beyond the stance that everything is a matter of opinion and generates rational criteria against which the movies can be evaluated. Imelda is engaged in __________.
dualistic thinking
Threats to __________ health accelerate puberty, whereas threats to __________ health delay it.
emotional; physical
The ability to create mental representations enables toddlers to __________ and __________.
engage in deferred imitation; use make-believe play
Although hearing loss has less impact on self-care than vision loss, it greatly affects
enjoyment of life and relationships.
Bryson and his co-workers are developing a new sales strategy. When Bryson's conclusions differ radically from the rest of the team, he considers the justifiability of his conclusions and revises them slightly. Bryson is engaged in __________.
epistemic cognition
Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is
exaggerated
The imaginary audience is most likely responsible for adolescents'
extreme self-consciousness and sensitivity to public criticism.
Research shows that many adolescents do not use contraception during sexual activity because they
fail to apply their reasoning skills to everyday situations.
The most successful treatment for anorexia usually involves
family therapy and medication to reduce anxiety and neurotransmitter imbalances.
Compared with children in divorced, single-parent families, blended families, or foster families, children reared by grandparents __________.
fare better in adjustment
As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is increasingly vested in
feedback from close friends.
Adolescents who __________ tend to be in a state of moratorium or identity achievement.
feel attached to their parents but also free to voice their own opinions
When John succeeds, his father says, "You're so smart!" However, when he fails, his father says, "You can't do that, can you? It's OK if you quit." John's father's messages could play a key role in John's adoption of a
fixed view of ability.
Gloria accepts her family's religious beliefs without question. She is characterized by identity
foreclosure
Mr. and Mrs. Hopewell are concerned because they have been trying without success to have a baby for over a year. Which of the following procedures would you recommend to them?
genetic counseling
The __________ theory of aging receives some support from kinship studies indicating that longevity is a family trait.
genetically programmed
Child A's sex chromosomes are XX, and Child B's sex chromosomes are XY Child A is a(n) ____________ and Child B is a(n) ___________.
girl;boy
Part-time maternal employment and flexible work schedules are associated with
good child adjustment
Buttercup is an only child. Compared to her friend Daisy, who has an older brother, Buttercup most likely
has better perspective-taking abilities
Women who __________ tend to reach menopause earlier.
have not borne children
Although Ida is mostly self-reliant, she does not often resist her son's unnecessary help. Ida probably feels that
her son's help brings about social contact.
Three-year-old Josh is irregular in daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences, and tends to react negatively and intensely. Rothbart and colleagues would most likely describe him as
high in negative affectivity
Fifteen-year-old Mary has become critical of her parents and siblings, yet envisions a world with no injustice or discrimination. This is typical of the __________ that manifests during the development of abstract reasoning.
idealism
The ability to distinguish theory from evidence and use logical rules to examine their relationship
improves steadily from childhood into adolescence.
In Piaget's theory, children shift from assimilation toward accommodation when they are
in a state of cognitive disequilibrium
Many cross-sectional studies show that crystallized intelligence __________.
increases steadily through middle adulthood
Unlike Piaget, most researchers now believe that
infants have some built-in cognitive equipment for making sense of experience.
According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of the preschool years is
initiative verses guilt
Chomsky's "LAD" or "universal grammar" is a(n)
innate system that enables children to understand and speak in a rule-oriented fashion as soon as they pick up enough words.
The most common nutritional problem of adolescence is __________ deficiency.
iron
Follow-up research on infant cognitive development suggests that mastery of object permanence
is a gradual achievement
After receiving a fetal cell sample, a doctor looks for chromosomal abnormalities by creating a(n) _____________, or an organized chromosomal profile.
karyotype
According to Rothbart's (2007) findings, a child in the United States who exhibits a high degree of effortful control would be most likely to exhibit
low negative affectivity
An investigation of science-oriented young people in 50 nations revealed that in every country, __________.
males express greater confidence than females in their science ability
Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make __________ attributions, crediting their successes to __________.
mastery-oriented; ability
Except for ________, prenatal diagnosis should not be used routinely because these methods have some chance of injuring the developing organism
maternal blood analysis
The __________ eventually becomes the muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and other internal organs.
mesoderm
Self-conscious emotions appear in the __________ of the __________ year.
middle; second
When Baby Ian is held horizontally on his back, he sometimes makes an "embracing" motion by arching his back, extending his legs, throwing his arms outward, and then bringing his arms in toward his body. Ian is demonstrating the
moro reflex
During the phase of "launching children and moving on," __________.
most people experience a sense of completion and liberation
Kohlberg's original research and other longitudinal studies confirm that with few exceptions, individuals __________.
move through his first four stages in the predicted order
Andrew received a combined Apgar score of 5. This means that Andrew
needs assistance in establishing breathing and other vital signs.
Dr. Niles believes that children are born with the capability to learn from experience, and then their environment provides necessary input to support learning. Dr. Niles is most likely a(n)
neoconstructivist
Examining an infant's reflex behavior allows us to infer
neurological development
A major shortcoming of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is that
neurological evidence for the independence of his abilities is weak.
With the transition to toddlerhood, attraction to __________ declines and __________ improves.
novelty; sustained attention
Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory
offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
Which of the following is an essential ingredient of a "good death"?
offering the dying person care, affection, companionship, and esteem
In order for social support to foster well-being,
older adults need to take personal control of it.
Childlessness seems to interfere with adjustment and life satisfaction __________.
only when it is beyond a person's control
Alice calls untying her shoelaces "opening" her shoes. This is an example of
overextension
Which of the following parent-child relationships is the most common among anorexic teenagers?
overprotective and controlling mothers and emotionally distant fathers
To acquire effective social skills, inhibited children need
parenting tailored to their temperaments
Research on metacognitive development shows that school-age children know that
people can extend their knowledge by making mental inferences.
According to the concept of gene-environment interaction,
people have unique, genetically influenced reactions to particular experiences.
Compared with adults making decisions, teenagers
perform less well because they must inhibit emotion and impulses in favor of thinking rationally.
a sequential design
permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating.
Michaela performs well in school and communicates with her peers in sensitive, friendly, and cooperative ways. She is a __________ child.
popular-prosocial
Longitudinal research indicates that authoritative child rearing
promotes maturity and adjustment in children of diverse temperaments.
Authoritarian parents
rarely listen to the child's point of view.
Nora's grandfather lived to be 87, and her father is still alive at the age of 98. Nora concludes that longevity is inherited and anticipates a very long life. Nora should know that __________.
rather than inheriting longevity directly, people probably inherit risk and protective factors that influence their chances of dying earlier or later
During puberty, neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters. As a result, adolescents
react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.
Harry and Ginny can only have a red-headed child if both of them pass on the gene for red hair. This situation is an example of __________ inheritance
recessive
According to the studies discussed in class, attentional selectivity
remains relatively constant until around age 80, when it declines sharply
Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as
resilience
Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy, emotional highs and lows, and desperation about whether her husband returned her affection. Though she offered support to her husband, Gloria did so in ways that poorly fit his needs. Based on this information, it is likely that Gloria has a(n) __________ attachment history.
resistant
Martin is a caregiver for a 70-year-old Alzheimer's patient. If he is like most caregivers, which of the following types of assistance would he most desire?
respite
Older adults fare best when they
retain social status and opportunities for community participation, even after they become frail.
Two-year-old Carmen is trying to fit pieces into a wooden puzzle form. Her father helps Carmen turn the pieces so they fit snuggly in place. As Carmen's skill improves, her father steps back, letting her try on her own. This example best illustrates the concept of
scaffolding
According to Piaget, specific psychological structures called _____ are organized ways of making sense of experience.
schemes
In all societies studied, the most common attachment pattern is the __________ pattern.
secure
In the Strange Situation, Bernadette uses her mother as a secure base. When separated, Bernadette does not cry, but when her mother returns, Bernadette crawls to her. Bernadette is demonstrating __________ attachment.
secure
__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.
sensitive caregiving
Six-month-old Eva drops her teething ring in a fairly rigid way, simply letting go and watching it with interest. This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that, at first, schemes are
sensorimotor action patterns
In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase, babies display
separation anxiety
Seven-year-old Paolo can efficiently arrange a series of sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest. Paolo has developed an ability called
seriation
When Yolanda thought about the future, she planned to get her first job at 22, be married by 24, and have her first child at 27, just like her older brother did. Yolanda has a well-defined __________.
social clock
Seventeen-year-old Hyacinth is likely to place more emphasis on ____________ in her self-description than 12-year-old Yarrow.
social virtues
Jessica asked each of 21 children in a kindergarten classroom to explain where rain comes from. She asked the same set of follow-up questions to each participant. This procedure is an example of a
structured interview
Deangelo, age 52, has been unemployed for 18 months. Having spent his entire life living below the poverty line, Deangelo often felt like he never found a respected place in society. Deangelo is probably directing his energies toward __________.
survival
Mr. Grisham believes that he will continue to live on through his children or through his work or personal influence. Mr. Grisham has developed __________.
symbolic immortality
Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair. Which of the following hormones is responsible for this change?
testosterone
Eric is more likely than his sister to be negatively affected by X-linked disorders because
the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding genes to override those carried on the X chromosome
During puberty,
the cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses.
Research demonstrates that early make-believe play is
the combined result of children's readiness to engage in it and social experiences that promote it.
Women's skin typically ages more quickly than men's because __________.
the dermis of women is not as thick as that of men
By __________, infants are able to regulate emotion more effectively by approaching or retreating from various situations.
the end of the first year
One of the notable neurological characteristics of individuals with dyslexia is
the left planum temporale is about the same size as the right planum temporale
Throughout adolescence, __________ is the single most consistent predictor of mental health.
the quality of the parent-child relationship
Between 6 and 10 weeks, the parent's communication with the infant evokes
the social smile
Eighteen-month-old Gabriella witnesses her mother finding a Duplo block in its labeled canister. When her mother isn't looking, Gabriella watches as her father moves the block to an unmarked canister. Gabriella knows that her mother will first look for the block again in its labeled canister, indicating that Gabriella may have a grasp of
theory of mind
One way older adults compensate for neuron loss is
to call on additional brain regions to support cognitive processing.
Bulimia is usually treated by
training in changing eating habits.
In response to a stroke on her cheek near the corner of her mouth, newborn Azalea should
turn her head toward the source of stimulation.
On average, girls reach puberty __________ boys.
two years earlier than
__________ are the leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
unintentional injuries
Tanner's parents are withdrawn. They make no demands of Tanner and are indifferent to his point of view. Tanner's parents have a(n) __________ style of child rearing.
uninvolved/neglectful
High-hardy individuals are likely to
use active, problem-centered coping strategies in situations they can control.
Eighteen-month-old Joey is asked to share spinach or graham crackers with his mother in a social referencing experiment. Even though Joey prefers graham crackers, he might offer the spinach to his mother if she
uses her voice and facial expressions to convey a preference for the spinach.
Shavonda fell and fractured her hip, and has since been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Shavonda's doctor will probably recommend __________.
weight-bearing exercise
Four-month-old Logan's parents are tracking his motor development. Which of the following motor skills is Logan likely to have already achieved?
when prone, lifts self by arms
James has just stolen a toy from his friend. His father shakes his head, says "What a disappointment", and ignores James for the rest of the day. What disciplinary practice is his father using?
withdrawal of love
__________ is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular dementia.
Exercising regularly in midlife
Which statement about cohabitation is true?
Premarital cohabitation before age 25 is associated with reduced readiness to forge a committed bond.
Four-year-old Erin is a picky eater. According to the text, how can Erin's parents encourage her to eat a new food in a way that will promote her enjoyment and self-selection of it later in life?
Repeatedly expose her to the new food without any direct pressure to eat it.
Dr. Dias's research shows that the death of a spouse in old age is correlated with a decline in the surviving partner's physical health. Which of the following conclusions is supported by this study?
The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partner's physical health
Carmen adopted her son just after his second birthday. What can you tell Carmen about the opportunity for attachment?
The first attachment bond can develop as late as 4 to 6 years of age.
Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?
Tyson, age 3
Identity-diffused individuals
are apathetic, lacking both exploration and commitment.
Bobby is anxious, unhappy, and has low self-esteem. When frustrated, Bobby tends to react with hostility. His parents are most likely to fit which of the following child-rearing styles?
authoritarian
Babies' earliest categories are
based on similar overall appearance or prominent object parts.
Rejected-aggressive children are
deficient in perspective taking.
When Amy drops a pencil, her toddler Jim picks it up and returns it to her. According to Warneken and Tomasello's (2014) study on altruistic behavior, what would be the BEST response if Amy wants Jim to continue being helpful?
Say "Thank you" in a pleased tone of voice, but don't give him anything
In response to the "Heinz dilemma," Dolph states, "Even if his wife is dying, it is still Heinz's duty as a citizen to obey the law. If everyone started breaking the law, there'd be no civilization, just crime and violence." Dolph is at which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development?
Stage 4: The social-order-maintaining orientation
7-month old Baby Greer says "babababababa," which is an example of
babbling
As we age, __________.
cells in both the epidermis and dermis decline in water content
Some theorists believe that a general slowing of __________ underlies nearly all age-related declines in cognitive performance.
central nervous system functioning
Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates that preoperational children's thinking is characterized by __________ in that they focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features.
centration
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory,
children play an active role in their own mental development as they experience the world around them
Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) __________ child.
easy
Courtney, a baby boomer, is likely to score higher than her father did at the same age on verbal memory, inductive reasoning, and spatial orientation. Courtney's performance compared to her father's is likely due in part to generational advances in __________.
education and technology