PSYC 102 - Ch. 1 Module

Which of the following best describes Noam Chomsky? A An American linguist who influenced the cognitive revolution B A European researcher who studied the idea of object permanence among children C A social scientist who established the American Psychological Association D A psychologist who developed a client-centered approach to therapy

A An American linguist who influenced the cognitive revolution

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of ________. A Gestalt psychology B structuralism C humanism D psychoanalytic theory

A Gestalt psychology

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality? A Sigmund Freud B Noam Chomsky C Jean Piaget D Charles Darwin

A Sigmund Freud

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment. A Skinner box B isolate C Watson manipulator D gestaltlaten

A Skinner box

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences. A a person's unconscious mind B a person's consciousness C sexual identity D fetal development

A a person's unconscious mind

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? A clinical psychology B social psychology C cognitive psychology D organizational psychology

A clinical psychology

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? A forensic B cognitive C counseling D legal

A forensic

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. A introspection B behaviorism C client-centered therapy D psychoanalysis

A introspection

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking? A knowing your opinion is correct B recognizing internal biases C making use of logical thinking D maintaining an attitude of skepticism

A knowing your opinion is correct

The empirical method of study is based on ________. A observation B statistics C guesswork D practice

A observation

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait. A openness B neuroticism C extroversion D agreeableness

A openness

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________. A the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts B understanding the id, ego, and superego C the operation of the individual parts of the mind D explaining the subconscious

A the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. A thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions B the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior C sensation and the effect of culture on perception D genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior

A thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Why is psychology considered a social science? A Because psychologists study groups and how groups interact. B Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others. C Because psychology is not considered a hard science. D Behavior is unpredictable, so scientists study it.

B Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism? A Structuralism was parsimonious. B The process was highly subjective. C Scientific instruments were not sensitive enough to measure precise reaction times. D Wilhelm Wundt falsified his results.

B The process was highly subjective.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter. A comfort objects B basic survival needs C wants D higher-level needs

B basic survival needs

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? A sensation and perception B developmental psychology C personality psychology D biopsychology

B developmental psychology

When studying personality traits, someone who is quiet, reserved, and withdrawn will score low on the ________ trait. A openness B extroversion C neuroticism D agreeableness

B extroversion

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? A questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased B favoring women over men C discovering the contributions of women to psychology D studying psychological gender differences

B favoring women over men

What is Abraham Maslow best known for? A studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior B proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior C dream analysis D classical conditioning

B proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________. A interpret dreams B study the function of behavior C study the structure and characteristics of the mind D manipulate human behavior

B study the function of behavior

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution? A After numerous hypotheses were developed by Charles Darwin, they were collected together into a theory. B Evolution only works theoretically. C A theory is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world. D Contemporary scientists do not accept it as a viable way of looking at the world.

C A theory is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world.

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait. A agreeableness B neuroticism C conscientiousness D extroversion

C conscientiousness

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in? A clinical psychology B wellness psychology C counseling psychology D biopsychology

C counseling psychology

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. A gestalt B structuralism C humanism D behaviorism

C humanism

Behaviorists study ________. A chemical and hormonal changes B dreams C learned behavior D a person's unconscious mind

C learned behavior

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________. A social psychology B cognition C personality D perception

C personality

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time? A -ology B pseudoscience C scientific theory D hypothesis

C scientific theory

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. A Gestalt psychology B personality C social psychology D psychoanalysis

C social psychology

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common? A They were all concerned with diagnosing and treating female psychosis. B They were all concerned with describing and understanding animal behavior. C They were all concerned with the nature of evil during the Nazi regime. D They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

D They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

When studying personality traits, someone who is helpful, trusting, and empathetic will score high on the ________ trait. A neuroticism B openness C conscientiousness D agreeableness

D agreeableness

Critical thinking is ________. A applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena B reviewing information on the internet to develop a critical opinion on it C applying a set of skills to find information about a controversial topic D applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

D applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first? A observation B data collection C experiment D hypothesis

D hypothesis

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by studying ________. A how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior D overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

D overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________. A hypothesized and theoretical B conscious and unconscious C experimental and provable D perceivable and measurable

D perceivable and measurable