psyc test 3

According to _____, parents should praise their children for _____.

Dweck; effort

As she was riding her bicycle down a hill, Wendy hit a large rock and lost her balance. She managed to come to a stop without falling. Once she was stopped, she noticed her heart was racing and she was shaking. After that, she realized she was frightened. Which theory of emotion BEST explains this sequence of events?

James-Lange theory

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.

Algorithm

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.

normal curve

A symmetrical, bell-shape that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Aretha's BMI is 28. Jolene's is 32. Which statement is true?

Aretha is overweight, and Jolene is obese.

Which philosopher referred to human beings as the social animal?

Aristotle

physiological needs

Basic bodily requirements.

Susan was born deaf to hearing-impaired parents. She is fluent in sign language and successful in school. How will she perform on a standard intelligence test compared to hearing children her age?

Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language, a language she cannot hear, she will not perform as well.

Tony fell two stories while working on a construction site. The left side of his head hit some concrete steps. During his recovery, his doctors noticed that while he can understand what others are saying to him, Tony has a hard time speaking even though there is nothing wrong with the muscles that control his speech. Tony MOST likely suffered damage to:

Broca's area

Andrew went in his backyard at night, in the dark, to bring some firewood in the house. He heard the sharp crack of a twig breaking in the darkness and froze in fear, his heart thumping loudly in his chest. Andrew's reaction is consistent with the _____ theory of emotion.

Cannon-Bard

A friend is feeling very edgy about an upcoming test and is consuming large quantities of starchy, carbohydrate-laden foods. But she is also surprised by how much of this type of food she is eating. Which statement explains her eating behavior?

Carbohydrates help to increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects.

It has been suggested that raised eyebrows are universally associated with a surprised expression because they effectively widen the eyes, enabling us to take in more information. Which theorist would have agreed with this statement?

Charles Darwin

Justyce is in a movie theater and on the screen one of the actors is cut across the arm. He gasps but everyone else in attendance is silent. Which country might he be in?

China

Dora found the serial number of the used car she wanted to purchase online. To remember the 11-digit number, 19801776317, she thought of the number as the year she was born (1980), the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the area code of her home phone (317). Dora was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the car's serial number.

chunking

belief perseverance

clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Psychologists would likely agree that intelligence tests have:

comparable predictive validity for Whites and Blacks.

Tyler loves dogs. Anytime he sees an animal, he asks his parents whether or not that animal is a dog. Eventually, he is able to differentiate dogs from other animals, as well as recognize both large and small dogs as dogs. These experiences are helping to shape his _____ about dogs.

concept

Some taste preferences are _____, as when people who have been sickened by a food item develop an aversion to it.

conditioned

Alicia believes that people who are impoverished are more likely to commit crimes. She has a tendency to search for information that supports her belief but to ignore evidence that says otherwise. She is demonstrating which of the following?

confirmation bias

Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work as hard as younger workers, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among his senior employees. When he sees a younger employee slacking off, he usually assumes that he is taking a well-deserved break. His supervision strategy BEST illustrates:

confirmation bias

Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of soda is upsetting her and, at the next opportunity, she will take an extra-large drink. Which concept can be used to explain why Lara is motivated to get a drink?

drive reduction theory

telegraphic speech

early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs.

Experiencing rejection decreases a person's ability to feel:

empathy

If one asked one's classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the majority will not be very accurate. This MOST likely reflects a failure in the memory process of _____.

encoding

Laurie, Jim's wife, complains that he never notices when she has made changes in her hairstyle. At her latest hair appointment, she had several inches cut from her hair. When Jim came home from work, he greeted her and did not notice or make a comment about her new hairstyle until Laurie pointed out his failure to notice. Jim may NOT have noticed the difference because of a(n):

encoding failure

shallow processing

encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words

deep processing

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

When Bill studies for an exam he reads the textbook, stops to think about the material, and then takes a practice exam. According to the information-processing model, Bill is actively:

encoding, storing, retrieving

testing effect

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information

Mark is driven to excel at everything he does. As a child, he received high grades in all of his classes. In Boy Scouts, he earned the rank of Eagle Scout. Now, as an adult, Mark constantly beats everyone at work in reaching the monthly sales quota. Mark seems to be primarily motivated by _____ needs.

esteem

availability heuristic

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

representativeness heuristic

estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

narcissism

excessive self-love and self-absorption

divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

semantic

explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems

episodic

explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems

According to the _____ effect, expressions can stimulate the emotional experience.

facial feedback

Declan, a Ph.D. candidate, tells his department's undergraduate student organization that his dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating the:

factors that energize and direct behavior

source amnesia

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

A recall test is to a recognition test as _____ is to _____.

fill in the blank; multiple choice

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they heard the news of the Sandy Hook school shootings in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012. This BEST illustrates _____ memory.

flashbulb

Some memories of an emotionally significant moment or event are vividly clear. These are known as

flashbulb memories

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for love.

food

Dallas thinks two of his friends are highly compatible, so he is trying to get them together. To help get them interested in each other, Dallas might have them:

gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes

Those who trace the origins of social bonding to its survival value are most likely to agree that the need to belong is:

genetically influenced

This is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach.

ghrelin

Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his:

ghrelin levels are low.

Rashad is studying for tomorrow's biology exam. He has been reading and taking notes for hours, and he feels like he cannot study any longer. To avoid retroactive interference, the BEST thing for Rashad to do at this point is:

go to sleep soon

At one point, the U.S. government adjusted its immigration policy to encourage chain migration, which:

helped people feel less isolated

Broca's area

helps control language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

To solve a problem, people often make use of simple thinking strategies. These strategies will allow them to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a(n):

heuristic

People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to:

how they interpret hand gestures, for example, the "A-OK" sign.

aphasia

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).

The textbook uses the term memoryless memory to refer to priming because priming is a type of _____ memory

implicit

grammar

in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. Semantics is the language's set of rules for deriving meaning from the sounds, and syntax is its set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

morphemes

in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)

phonemes

in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

repress

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

grit

in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Human capacity for storing long-term memories is

limitless

Excessive online socializing and gaming have been associated with:

lower school grades

mnemonics

memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

David tends to study the same way for every class he takes no matter the subject. So far, he has been successful. This is an example of a(n):

mental set

If you learn a list of chemistry terms while you are feeling great, you have a better chance of recalling that list if you are in the same kind of mood when you take the exam. This is known as:

mood congruent effect

In one research study, students listened to extremely brief snippets from popular songs and were able to recognize the artist and song:

more than 25% of the time

As adopted children get older, their intelligence test scores tend to become _____ like their _____.

more; biological parents

Compared with men, women are _____capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are _____ sensitive to taste and color.

more; more

If a person is consumed with presenting an overly positive image on social media and responds poorly to criticism, this is a sign of:

narcissism

convergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

An "opt-out" option for things like financial planning for retirement and even being an organ donor are examples of the use of:

nudging

misinformation effect

occurs when misleading information has corrupted one's memory of an event

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that:

on average, Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests.

Luca has been studying all week for his final exam in biology. He studies until he is ready to go to bed because he knows that information presented within _____ before sleep will be remembered well.

one

_____ is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

orexin

chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

crystallized intelligence

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

language

our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

serial position effect

our tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first (primary effect) items in a list

Destruction of the appetite-suppressing center of the arcuate nucleus causes an animal to:

overeat

The physical changes that accompany emotional experience are:

partially conscious and partially unconscious

The linguistic determinism hypothesis could be challenged by the finding that:

people with no word for a certain shape can still perceive that shape accurately.

Native German speakers pronounce the English word that as dat. This demonstrates their difficulty pronouncing an English:

phoneme

In _____ interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently.

proactive

parallel processing

processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem at once

Based on findings from a Swedish study, what effect on intelligence does adoption into wealthier, better-educated families have on infants from poor backgrounds?

raises intelligence tests scores by nearly 5 points

Wernicke's area

a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe

flashbulb memories

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

instinct

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

savant syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing

intellectual disability

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

achievement motivation

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

nudge

a framing of choices by which governments and companies can, without coercion or altered incentives, encourage people to make choices that support their health, retirement savings, and well-being

cohort

a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period

mental age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

recognition

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

relearning

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

concepts

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

prototype

a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).

intelligence test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

iconic memory

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

general intelligence

according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Your friend, Sam, is nervous about his upcoming art history final exam. You tell Sam to not worry because it is only a(n) ________________ test.

achievement

_____ is to a multiple-choice test in a U.S. history class as _____ is to the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).

achievement aptitude

short-term memory

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten

cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

intuition

an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

anterograde amnesia

an inability to form new memories

retrograde amnesia

an inability to retrieve information from one's past

long-term potentiation (LTP)

an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory

Intelligence tests assess_______________ intelligence when they present well-defined problems having a single right answer.

analytical

A few days before flying to San Francisco, Jim watched a documentary about the 1906 earthquake that devastated the city. Even though the chance of getting caught in an earthquake while in San Francisco was relatively minor, Jim decided to cancel his trip. This best illustrates:

availability heuristic

When we estimate the likelihood of events occurring based on their accessibility in our memory, we presume that such events are common. This is called a(n):

availability heuristic

The more people examine the evidence for their point of view, the more they tend to:

become convinced that they are correct

two-word stage

beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements

babbling stage

beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Mark is embarrassed by the fact that he displays emotion when watching a film with sad or sentimental scenes. What could Mark do to help control these emotions while viewing this type of film?

bite on a popsicle stick

Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her:

blood glucose level has dropped

Women generally are more emotionally literate because they are better at:

reading nonverbal cues

Tom and Linda's young infant, Jake, is just starting to pay attention to their faces when they speak to him. Jake has hit which milestone?

receptive language

Every time one replays a memory, one replaces the original memory with a slightly modified version. Researchers call this _____.

reconsolidation

Tarik has a chemistry test in two days. He has to memorize the elements on the periodic table, so he writes them on index cards. He keeps the cards with him at all times and frequently reads through them. Tarik is using _____ to encode information in short-term memory for longer-term storage.

rehearsal

Mrs. Alvarez cannot consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates a defense mechanism called _____.

repression

explicit memories

retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"

implicit memories

retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

When Shawna thinks about her family, she feels secure. This is because a sense of belonging also activates feelings of _____ and _____.

reward; safety

Although he is unable to speak coherently and has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as:

savant syndrome

Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he does not have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because:

short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity.

An experiment finds that men who take a spelling test have lower scores after they read an article about how women typically outscore men on this kind of test. This finding supports the concept of _____ threat.

stereotype

Clarice presses the Ctrl and S keys on her keyboard to save a document. A file is then created on her computer's hard drive. Clarice's action is MOST analogous to the memory process of:

storage

deja vu

that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.

two-factor theory

the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

creativity

the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

priming

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response

retroactive interference

the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information

When Lucy acts happy, she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness. This best illustrates:

the behavior feedback effect

basal metabolic rate

the body's resting rate of energy output

Events that are forgotten are like books that cannot be found in a library. Which of the following scenarios can BEST be used to explain the encoding problem?

the book was never purchased and put in the library

Darnell was accused of a crime and asserts that he is innocent. Familiar with the unreliability of polygraph tests, he asked for a more reliable test. What is likely to be the MOST reliable test of his guilt or innocence?

the concealed information test

validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

proactive interference

the forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

drive-reduction theory

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

encoding specficity principle

the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

linguistic relativism

the idea that language has an influence on the way we think

sensory memory

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

affiliation need

the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

memory consolidation

the neural storage of a long-term memory

memory

the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

set point

the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight

Yerkes-Dodson Law

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

retrieval

the process of getting information out of memory storage

storage

the process of retaining encoded information over time

encoding

the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.

long-term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This BEST illustrates the value of:

the spacing effect

one-word stage

the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words

behavior feedback effect

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions

facial feedback effect

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

Overconfidence

the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

Cannon-Bard Theory

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

James-Lange Theory

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

self-determination theory

the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

framing

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.

Stanford-Binet

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.

One concern about the concept of emotional intelligence, expressed by Howard Gardner and others, is that:

there is more to emotion than the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use it.

Charlotte's identical twin sons are participating in a research study that includes MRI scans. The MRI findings will MOST likely indicate that:

they have very similar gray matter volume

Lee is around two years of age. His parents can expect the _____ stage of language development to begin soon.

two-word

automatic processing

unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings

University grades are used to assess the predictive _____ of the SAT.

validity

In research studies in which subjects were asked to make a choice regarding a complex problem, they made the best decision when they:

were slightly distracted

According to cross-cultural research, women are generally perceived as having higher levels of emotionality. Some researchers suggest that this perception is caused by:

women's greater openness to feelings

Zak's BMI is 24. Yolanda's is 27, and Wendy's is 33. Which individual is obese?

Wendy

_________________ have demonstrated that some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.

Zajonc and LeDoux

recall

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

At _____ months of age, MOST children are in the one-word stage.

12

Some individuals have an amazing ability to remember things. For example, college student Feng Wang could repeat back _____ digits.

200

In the Iranian orphanage, the typical child could not sit up unassisted until at LEAST age _____ or walk until at LEAST age _____.

2; 4

Coral's intelligence score is 104. She is in good company: nearly _____ out of 10 people have intelligence scores between 85 and 115.

7

How many pieces of information did George Miller propose that humans can store in their short-term memory at a given time?

7, plus or minus 2

In a study of several hundred convicts later exonerated by DNA evidence, just over _____ percent were convicted by faulty eyewitness accounts.

70

An instructor has just asked the class, "What is intelligence?" Which definition embodies the spirit of psychology's simplest answer?

Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.

_____ observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention in an Iranian orphanage.

J. McVicker Hunt

hierarchy of needs

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

To experience an emotion, a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by:

Schachter and Singer.

predictive validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.

linguistic determinism

Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think

motivations

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

hippocampus

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

working memory

a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

incentives

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

reconsolidation

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

stereotype threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Heuristic

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms

insight

a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions

mental set

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

confirmation bias

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

achievement test

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

aptitude test

a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

An inability to speak or understand language is known as:

aphasia

When Jessica fell down a steep flight of stairs, she suffered damage to a part of her cerebral cortex called Broca's area. As a result, she is most likely to experience:

aphasia

It is toward the end of Juan's junior year in high school, and he wants to apply to college, but he must first take the SAT as a requirement of his application. The SAT is supposedly a(n) _____ test.

aptitude

As cognitive psychologists define it, a concept is a(n):

category

Damage to the _____ would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had bitten one on several occasions.

cerebellum

When Loretta uses knowledge that was acquired through experience, she probably relies MOST heavily on her _____ intelligence.

crystallized

Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of:

deep processing

intelligence quotient (IQ)

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ = (ma/ca) x 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

Standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

ostracism

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

Jane often studies Spanish and French back to back right after school. She might have trouble remembering the different vocabulary because she is not minimizing _____.

interference

Fourteen-year-old Francisco enjoys playing the piano and never needs prompting from his parents to practice. He writes music and plays the piano several times a day. He tells his parents that he plays because he enjoys creating music. Francisco plays the piano because of _____ motivation.

intrinsic

After gathering extensive information about the colleges she was interested in attending, Krista let the information incubate outside her conscious awareness for several days. This provided time for her decision to be potentially enhanced by:

intuition

Carroll Izard says that love:

is a mixture of joy and interest-excitement.

Katrina studied the Russian language in high school. Although she was not fluent, she did accumulate a large vocabulary. Years later she decided to go to Russia, so she wanted to brush up on her vocabulary. She picked up the vocabulary much more quickly because:

it is easier to relearn; that is, to learn the material for a second time

With respect to intellectual disability, _____ skills include interpersonal skills and the ability to follow basic rules and laws and avoid being victimized.

social

In looking at differences in intellectual ability between groups, most social scientists see the concept of race primarily as a _____ without well-defined physical boundaries.

social construct

Forest often has vivid dreams. In the morning, he can recall them in great detail. This sometimes gets him in trouble because he cannot figure out if he is remembering a dream or something that he actually experienced. This problem is known as _____ amnesia.

source

In the United States in the twenty-first century, girls are MOST likely to outperform boys in a:

spelling bee