psyc test 3
According to _____, parents should praise their children for _____.
Dweck; effort
As she was riding her bicycle down a hill, Wendy hit a large rock and lost her balance. She managed to come to a stop without falling. Once she was stopped, she noticed her heart was racing and she was shaking. After that, she realized she was frightened. Which theory of emotion BEST explains this sequence of events?
James-Lange theory
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Algorithm
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
normal curve
A symmetrical, bell-shape that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Aretha's BMI is 28. Jolene's is 32. Which statement is true?
Aretha is overweight, and Jolene is obese.
Which philosopher referred to human beings as the social animal?
Aristotle
physiological needs
Basic bodily requirements.
Susan was born deaf to hearing-impaired parents. She is fluent in sign language and successful in school. How will she perform on a standard intelligence test compared to hearing children her age?
Because the intelligence test is in the culture's dominant language, a language she cannot hear, she will not perform as well.
Tony fell two stories while working on a construction site. The left side of his head hit some concrete steps. During his recovery, his doctors noticed that while he can understand what others are saying to him, Tony has a hard time speaking even though there is nothing wrong with the muscles that control his speech. Tony MOST likely suffered damage to:
Broca's area
Andrew went in his backyard at night, in the dark, to bring some firewood in the house. He heard the sharp crack of a twig breaking in the darkness and froze in fear, his heart thumping loudly in his chest. Andrew's reaction is consistent with the _____ theory of emotion.
Cannon-Bard
A friend is feeling very edgy about an upcoming test and is consuming large quantities of starchy, carbohydrate-laden foods. But she is also surprised by how much of this type of food she is eating. Which statement explains her eating behavior?
Carbohydrates help to increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects.
It has been suggested that raised eyebrows are universally associated with a surprised expression because they effectively widen the eyes, enabling us to take in more information. Which theorist would have agreed with this statement?
Charles Darwin
Justyce is in a movie theater and on the screen one of the actors is cut across the arm. He gasps but everyone else in attendance is silent. Which country might he be in?
China
Dora found the serial number of the used car she wanted to purchase online. To remember the 11-digit number, 19801776317, she thought of the number as the year she was born (1980), the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the area code of her home phone (317). Dora was using the strategy of _____ to help her remember the car's serial number.
chunking
belief perseverance
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
Psychologists would likely agree that intelligence tests have:
comparable predictive validity for Whites and Blacks.
Tyler loves dogs. Anytime he sees an animal, he asks his parents whether or not that animal is a dog. Eventually, he is able to differentiate dogs from other animals, as well as recognize both large and small dogs as dogs. These experiences are helping to shape his _____ about dogs.
concept
Some taste preferences are _____, as when people who have been sickened by a food item develop an aversion to it.
conditioned
Alicia believes that people who are impoverished are more likely to commit crimes. She has a tendency to search for information that supports her belief but to ignore evidence that says otherwise. She is demonstrating which of the following?
confirmation bias
Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work as hard as younger workers, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among his senior employees. When he sees a younger employee slacking off, he usually assumes that he is taking a well-deserved break. His supervision strategy BEST illustrates:
confirmation bias
Lara's mouth is dry and she realizes that she has not had anything to drink all morning. The water level in her cells has dropped and she feels thirsty. Watching people drink large glasses of soda is upsetting her and, at the next opportunity, she will take an extra-large drink. Which concept can be used to explain why Lara is motivated to get a drink?
drive reduction theory
telegraphic speech
early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs.
Experiencing rejection decreases a person's ability to feel:
empathy
If one asked one's classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the majority will not be very accurate. This MOST likely reflects a failure in the memory process of _____.
encoding
Laurie, Jim's wife, complains that he never notices when she has made changes in her hairstyle. At her latest hair appointment, she had several inches cut from her hair. When Jim came home from work, he greeted her and did not notice or make a comment about her new hairstyle until Laurie pointed out his failure to notice. Jim may NOT have noticed the difference because of a(n):
encoding failure
shallow processing
encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words
deep processing
encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention
effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
When Bill studies for an exam he reads the textbook, stops to think about the material, and then takes a practice exam. According to the information-processing model, Bill is actively:
encoding, storing, retrieving
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
Mark is driven to excel at everything he does. As a child, he received high grades in all of his classes. In Boy Scouts, he earned the rank of Eagle Scout. Now, as an adult, Mark constantly beats everyone at work in reaching the monthly sales quota. Mark seems to be primarily motivated by _____ needs.
esteem
availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
representativeness heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information
narcissism
excessive self-love and self-absorption
divergent thinking
expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions
semantic
explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems
episodic
explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems
According to the _____ effect, expressions can stimulate the emotional experience.
facial feedback
Declan, a Ph.D. candidate, tells his department's undergraduate student organization that his dissertation research is in the area of motivation. Declan is investigating the:
factors that energize and direct behavior
source amnesia
faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined
A recall test is to a recognition test as _____ is to _____.
fill in the blank; multiple choice
Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they heard the news of the Sandy Hook school shootings in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012. This BEST illustrates _____ memory.
flashbulb
Some memories of an emotionally significant moment or event are vividly clear. These are known as
flashbulb memories
According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are prompted to satisfy our need for love.
food
Dallas thinks two of his friends are highly compatible, so he is trying to get them together. To help get them interested in each other, Dallas might have them:
gaze into each other's eyes for a couple of minutes
Those who trace the origins of social bonding to its survival value are most likely to agree that the need to belong is:
genetically influenced
This is a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach.
ghrelin
Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is likely because his:
ghrelin levels are low.
Rashad is studying for tomorrow's biology exam. He has been reading and taking notes for hours, and he feels like he cannot study any longer. To avoid retroactive interference, the BEST thing for Rashad to do at this point is:
go to sleep soon
At one point, the U.S. government adjusted its immigration policy to encourage chain migration, which:
helped people feel less isolated
Broca's area
helps control language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
To solve a problem, people often make use of simple thinking strategies. These strategies will allow them to make judgments and solve problems efficiently by following a(n):
heuristic
People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to:
how they interpret hand gestures, for example, the "A-OK" sign.
aphasia
impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
The textbook uses the term memoryless memory to refer to priming because priming is a type of _____ memory
implicit
grammar
in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. Semantics is the language's set of rules for deriving meaning from the sounds, and syntax is its set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
morphemes
in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix)
phonemes
in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
repress
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
grit
in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
Human capacity for storing long-term memories is
limitless
Excessive online socializing and gaming have been associated with:
lower school grades
mnemonics
memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
David tends to study the same way for every class he takes no matter the subject. So far, he has been successful. This is an example of a(n):
mental set
If you learn a list of chemistry terms while you are feeling great, you have a better chance of recalling that list if you are in the same kind of mood when you take the exam. This is known as:
mood congruent effect
In one research study, students listened to extremely brief snippets from popular songs and were able to recognize the artist and song:
more than 25% of the time
As adopted children get older, their intelligence test scores tend to become _____ like their _____.
more; biological parents
Compared with men, women are _____capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are _____ sensitive to taste and color.
more; more
If a person is consumed with presenting an overly positive image on social media and responds poorly to criticism, this is a sign of:
narcissism
convergent thinking
narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
An "opt-out" option for things like financial planning for retirement and even being an organ donor are examples of the use of:
nudging
misinformation effect
occurs when misleading information has corrupted one's memory of an event
Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that:
on average, Black Americans perform less well than White Americans on intelligence tests.
Luca has been studying all week for his final exam in biology. He studies until he is ready to go to bed because he knows that information presented within _____ before sleep will be remembered well.
one
_____ is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.
orexin
chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
fluid intelligence
our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
language
our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
serial position effect
our tendency to recall best the last (recency effect) and first (primary effect) items in a list
Destruction of the appetite-suppressing center of the arcuate nucleus causes an animal to:
overeat
The physical changes that accompany emotional experience are:
partially conscious and partially unconscious
The linguistic determinism hypothesis could be challenged by the finding that:
people with no word for a certain shape can still perceive that shape accurately.
Native German speakers pronounce the English word that as dat. This demonstrates their difficulty pronouncing an English:
phoneme
In _____ interference, information learned earlier disrupts the recall of information learned more recently.
proactive
parallel processing
processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem at once
Based on findings from a Swedish study, what effect on intelligence does adoption into wealthier, better-educated families have on infants from poor backgrounds?
raises intelligence tests scores by nearly 5 points
Wernicke's area
a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
flashbulb memories
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
savant syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
intellectual disability
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
nudge
a framing of choices by which governments and companies can, without coercion or altered incentives, encourage people to make choices that support their health, retirement savings, and well-being
cohort
a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period
mental age
a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
recognition
a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
relearning
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time
concepts
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
prototype
a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
iconic memory
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
general intelligence
according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
Your friend, Sam, is nervous about his upcoming art history final exam. You tell Sam to not worry because it is only a(n) ________________ test.
achievement
_____ is to a multiple-choice test in a U.S. history class as _____ is to the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).
achievement aptitude
short-term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
anterograde amnesia
an inability to form new memories
retrograde amnesia
an inability to retrieve information from one's past
long-term potentiation (LTP)
an increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory
Intelligence tests assess_______________ intelligence when they present well-defined problems having a single right answer.
analytical
A few days before flying to San Francisco, Jim watched a documentary about the 1906 earthquake that devastated the city. Even though the chance of getting caught in an earthquake while in San Francisco was relatively minor, Jim decided to cancel his trip. This best illustrates:
availability heuristic
When we estimate the likelihood of events occurring based on their accessibility in our memory, we presume that such events are common. This is called a(n):
availability heuristic
The more people examine the evidence for their point of view, the more they tend to:
become convinced that they are correct
two-word stage
beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements
babbling stage
beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
Mark is embarrassed by the fact that he displays emotion when watching a film with sad or sentimental scenes. What could Mark do to help control these emotions while viewing this type of film?
bite on a popsicle stick
Monique has not eaten since early this morning. It is now time for dinner. Her stomach is growling and she feels very hungry. One reason that she is feeling hungry is because her:
blood glucose level has dropped
Women generally are more emotionally literate because they are better at:
reading nonverbal cues
Tom and Linda's young infant, Jake, is just starting to pay attention to their faces when they speak to him. Jake has hit which milestone?
receptive language
Every time one replays a memory, one replaces the original memory with a slightly modified version. Researchers call this _____.
reconsolidation
Tarik has a chemistry test in two days. He has to memorize the elements on the periodic table, so he writes them on index cards. He keeps the cards with him at all times and frequently reads through them. Tarik is using _____ to encode information in short-term memory for longer-term storage.
rehearsal
Mrs. Alvarez cannot consciously recall how frequently she criticizes her children because it would cause her too much anxiety. Sigmund Freud would have suggested that her poor memory illustrates a defense mechanism called _____.
repression
explicit memories
retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare"
implicit memories
retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
When Shawna thinks about her family, she feels secure. This is because a sense of belonging also activates feelings of _____ and _____.
reward; safety
Although he is unable to speak coherently and has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as:
savant syndrome
Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he does not have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because:
short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity.
An experiment finds that men who take a spelling test have lower scores after they read an article about how women typically outscore men on this kind of test. This finding supports the concept of _____ threat.
stereotype
Clarice presses the Ctrl and S keys on her keyboard to save a document. A file is then created on her computer's hard drive. Clarice's action is MOST analogous to the memory process of:
storage
deja vu
that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
two-factor theory
the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
the WAIS and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
intelligence
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
creativity
the ability to produce new and valuable ideas
priming
the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response
retroactive interference
the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information
When Lucy acts happy, she experiences increased feelings of cheerfulness. This best illustrates:
the behavior feedback effect
basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy output
Events that are forgotten are like books that cannot be found in a library. Which of the following scenarios can BEST be used to explain the encoding problem?
the book was never purchased and put in the library
Darnell was accused of a crime and asserts that he is innocent. Familiar with the unreliability of polygraph tests, he asked for a more reliable test. What is likely to be the MOST reliable test of his guilt or innocence?
the concealed information test
validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
proactive interference
the forward-acting disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
encoding specficity principle
the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
linguistic relativism
the idea that language has an influence on the way we think
sensory memory
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
affiliation need
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
memory consolidation
the neural storage of a long-term memory
memory
the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
set point
the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight
Yerkes-Dodson Law
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
retrieval
the process of getting information out of memory storage
storage
the process of retaining encoded information over time
encoding
the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.
long-term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This BEST illustrates the value of:
the spacing effect
one-word stage
the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
Overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
Cannon-Bard Theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
James-Lange Theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
self-determination theory
the theory that we feel motivated to satisfy our needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
framing
the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
Stanford-Binet
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.
One concern about the concept of emotional intelligence, expressed by Howard Gardner and others, is that:
there is more to emotion than the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use it.
Charlotte's identical twin sons are participating in a research study that includes MRI scans. The MRI findings will MOST likely indicate that:
they have very similar gray matter volume
Lee is around two years of age. His parents can expect the _____ stage of language development to begin soon.
two-word
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
University grades are used to assess the predictive _____ of the SAT.
validity
In research studies in which subjects were asked to make a choice regarding a complex problem, they made the best decision when they:
were slightly distracted
According to cross-cultural research, women are generally perceived as having higher levels of emotionality. Some researchers suggest that this perception is caused by:
women's greater openness to feelings
Zak's BMI is 24. Yolanda's is 27, and Wendy's is 33. Which individual is obese?
Wendy
_________________ have demonstrated that some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.
Zajonc and LeDoux
recall
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.
At _____ months of age, MOST children are in the one-word stage.
12
Some individuals have an amazing ability to remember things. For example, college student Feng Wang could repeat back _____ digits.
200
In the Iranian orphanage, the typical child could not sit up unassisted until at LEAST age _____ or walk until at LEAST age _____.
2; 4
Coral's intelligence score is 104. She is in good company: nearly _____ out of 10 people have intelligence scores between 85 and 115.
7
How many pieces of information did George Miller propose that humans can store in their short-term memory at a given time?
7, plus or minus 2
In a study of several hundred convicts later exonerated by DNA evidence, just over _____ percent were convicted by faulty eyewitness accounts.
70
An instructor has just asked the class, "What is intelligence?" Which definition embodies the spirit of psychology's simplest answer?
Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure.
_____ observed the dramatic effects of early experiences and demonstrated the impact of early intervention in an Iranian orphanage.
J. McVicker Hunt
hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
To experience an emotion, a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by:
Schachter and Singer.
predictive validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
linguistic determinism
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
motivations
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
hippocampus
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
working memory
a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
incentives
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
reconsolidation
a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again
stereotype threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Heuristic
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms
insight
a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions
mental set
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
aptitude test
a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
An inability to speak or understand language is known as:
aphasia
When Jessica fell down a steep flight of stairs, she suffered damage to a part of her cerebral cortex called Broca's area. As a result, she is most likely to experience:
aphasia
It is toward the end of Juan's junior year in high school, and he wants to apply to college, but he must first take the SAT as a requirement of his application. The SAT is supposedly a(n) _____ test.
aptitude
As cognitive psychologists define it, a concept is a(n):
category
Damage to the _____ would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had bitten one on several occasions.
cerebellum
When Loretta uses knowledge that was acquired through experience, she probably relies MOST heavily on her _____ intelligence.
crystallized
Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of:
deep processing
intelligence quotient (IQ)
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ = (ma/ca) x 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
ostracism
deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
Jane often studies Spanish and French back to back right after school. She might have trouble remembering the different vocabulary because she is not minimizing _____.
interference
Fourteen-year-old Francisco enjoys playing the piano and never needs prompting from his parents to practice. He writes music and plays the piano several times a day. He tells his parents that he plays because he enjoys creating music. Francisco plays the piano because of _____ motivation.
intrinsic
After gathering extensive information about the colleges she was interested in attending, Krista let the information incubate outside her conscious awareness for several days. This provided time for her decision to be potentially enhanced by:
intuition
Carroll Izard says that love:
is a mixture of joy and interest-excitement.
Katrina studied the Russian language in high school. Although she was not fluent, she did accumulate a large vocabulary. Years later she decided to go to Russia, so she wanted to brush up on her vocabulary. She picked up the vocabulary much more quickly because:
it is easier to relearn; that is, to learn the material for a second time
With respect to intellectual disability, _____ skills include interpersonal skills and the ability to follow basic rules and laws and avoid being victimized.
social
In looking at differences in intellectual ability between groups, most social scientists see the concept of race primarily as a _____ without well-defined physical boundaries.
social construct
Forest often has vivid dreams. In the morning, he can recall them in great detail. This sometimes gets him in trouble because he cannot figure out if he is remembering a dream or something that he actually experienced. This problem is known as _____ amnesia.
source
In the United States in the twenty-first century, girls are MOST likely to outperform boys in a:
spelling bee