Psych 100 Quiz 1: Ch.1

Depression and suicide are more common in North America today than they were a century ago. But in both periods, pessimistic thinking and feelings of loneliness correspond to a heightened risk of depression and suicide. This best illustrates that ________ play a role in depression and suicide in varied settings. A. genetic differences B.unconscious motives C.early childhood memories D.common underlying principles

D.common underlying principles

A sense of humility regarding the accuracy of our intuitions is most likely to be undermined by a.hindsight bias. b.correlational evidence. c.random assignment. d.operational definitions.

a

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression. a.neuroscience b.psychodynamic c.behavior genetics d.cognitive

a

To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of a.random assignment. b.the double-blind procedure. c.naturalistic observation. d.operational definitions.

a

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned a.to that group by chance. b.to the group in which participants are representative of people in general. c.in a way that ensures that the independent variable will affect the dependent variable. d.to the group in which participants all have similar personalities.

a.

A hypothesis is a(n) a.observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables. b.testable prediction that gives direction to research. c.set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts. d.unprovable assumption about the processes that underlie psychological functioning

b

One research team randomly assigned hospitalized premature infants either to formula feedings or to breast-milk feedings. Which research method did they use? a.case study b. experimentation c.naturalistic observation d.correlational research

b

A direct relationship in which two factors increase together or decrease together represents a.a dependent variable. b.replication. c.a positive correlation. d.a confounding variable.

c

An experiment enables researchers to isolate the effects of one or more factors by manipulating the factors of interest and also by a. obtaining participants' informed consent prior to beginning the experiment. b. summarizing participants' responses with a correlation coefficient. c. holding other factors constant across experimental and control groups. d. fully debriefing participants after completing the experiment.

c

By revealing what can happen through an in-depth examination of an atypical individual, ________ often suggests directions for future research. a.the double-blind procedure b.random assignment c.a case study d.a survey

c

Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different a.cognitive functions. b.unconscious motives. c.levels of analysis. d.conditioned responses.

c

If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a a.dependent variable. b.correlation coefficient. c.confounding variable. d.replication.

c

Little Hans' extreme fear of horses was observed as part of a(n) a.experiment. b.survey. c.case study. d.double-blind procedure.

c

The Greek naturalist and philosopher Aristotle suggested the source of our personality is the You Answered a.brain. b.throat. c.heart. d.stomach.

c

In a published report of a research study on social anxiety, psychologists included a 30-item questionnaire, which they had used to assess levels of social anxiety. The psychologists have thus provided their readers with a(n) a.hypothesis. b.independent variable. c.operational definition. d.double-blind procedure.

c.

An inverse relationship in which one factor increases as another factor decreases represents a.a confounding variable. b.random assignment. c.replication. d.a negative correlation.

d

Beginning in the 1920s, American psychologists such as John B. Watson emphasized the study of a.genetic influences. b.self-esteem. c.conscious thoughts and feelings. d.observable behavior.

d

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding a.behavior and mental processes. b.conscious and unconscious thought. c.correlation and causation. d.nature and nurture.

d

Random assignment minimizes ________ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes ________ between a sample and a population. a.similarities; differences b.differences; similarities c.similarities; similarities d.differences; differences

d

The group of people who are exposed to the drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group. a.control b.standardized c.baseline d.experimental

d