Psych 170, Exam 3, Chapter 15

coronary heart disease

(CHD) occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls, blocking the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart

insomnia disorder

a disorder characterized by chronic difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or by sleep that does not restore energy and alertness

restless legs syndrome (RLS)

creeping, crawling, tingling, itching sensations in the legs that are prominent enough to interfere with sleep

sleepwalking disorder

disorder of arousal characterized by repeated episodes of walking during NREM sleep

sleep terror disorder

disorder of arousal in which the individual screams, sweats, and has a racing heart during NREM sleep; the person cannot be easily wakened and usually does not remember the episode on awaking

hypersomnolence disorders

disorders characterized by excessive sleepiness, which can be expressed as either an excessive quantity of sleep (also referred to as hypersomnia) or a low quality of wakefulness

sleep disorders

disturbances in sleeping or staying awake, such as insomnia and narcolepsy

sleep-related hypoventilation

episodes of decreased breathing associated with high carbon dioxide levels

cataplexy

episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone lasting under 2 minutes, triggered by laughter or joking in people who have had narcolepsy for a long time

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder

frequent and impairing behaviors such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional episodes during REM sleep

breathing related sleep disorder

group of sleep disorders characterized by numerous brief sleep disturbances due to problems breathing

hypertension

high blood pressure, a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls. can be caused by blood being pushed with too much force by the heart through vessels or by constriction of the vessel walls

type A behavior pattern

personality pattern characterized by time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness

Immune system

protects us from disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. immune system has two branches-- 1. innate immune system-reacts quickly and nonspecifically to any microorganism or toxin that enters the body, releasing cells that kill and ingest the invaders 2. specific immune system-remembers the pathogen so that if it attacks again the system is able to kill it more quickly and efficiently

guided mastery techniques

provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations. Goals: to increase peoples skills as well as their beliefs that they can engage in the behaviors (self-efficacy beliefs)

central sleep apnea

sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods of times (20 seconds or more); sufferers do not have frequent awakenings and do not tend to feel tired during the day; occurs when the brain does not send the signal to breathe to the respiratory

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both due to disruptions in circadian rhythms

narcolepsy

sleep disorder characterized by irresistible attacks of sleep plus cataplexy or recurrent intrusions of elements of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep into the transition between sleep and wakefulness

nightmare disorder

sleep disorder characterized by nightmares frequent enough to cause significant distress or impairment in fuctioning

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep

disorders of arousal

sleep disorders that involve recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep that seem to mix elements of wakefulness and NREM sleep

substance induced sleep disorder

sleep disturbance due to the use of substances, including prescription medications (medications that control hypertension or cardia arrhythmias) and nonprescription substances (alcohol and caffeine)