Psych 170, Exam 3, Chapter 15
coronary heart disease
(CHD) occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart muscles are narrowed or closed by the gradual buildup of a hard, fatty substance called plaque and inflammation of the vessel walls, blocking the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the heart
insomnia disorder
a disorder characterized by chronic difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or by sleep that does not restore energy and alertness
restless legs syndrome (RLS)
creeping, crawling, tingling, itching sensations in the legs that are prominent enough to interfere with sleep
sleepwalking disorder
disorder of arousal characterized by repeated episodes of walking during NREM sleep
sleep terror disorder
disorder of arousal in which the individual screams, sweats, and has a racing heart during NREM sleep; the person cannot be easily wakened and usually does not remember the episode on awaking
hypersomnolence disorders
disorders characterized by excessive sleepiness, which can be expressed as either an excessive quantity of sleep (also referred to as hypersomnia) or a low quality of wakefulness
sleep disorders
disturbances in sleeping or staying awake, such as insomnia and narcolepsy
sleep-related hypoventilation
episodes of decreased breathing associated with high carbon dioxide levels
cataplexy
episodes of sudden loss of muscle tone lasting under 2 minutes, triggered by laughter or joking in people who have had narcolepsy for a long time
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder
frequent and impairing behaviors such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and confusional episodes during REM sleep
breathing related sleep disorder
group of sleep disorders characterized by numerous brief sleep disturbances due to problems breathing
hypertension
high blood pressure, a condition in which blood flows through vessels with excessive force, putting pressure on vessel walls. can be caused by blood being pushed with too much force by the heart through vessels or by constriction of the vessel walls
type A behavior pattern
personality pattern characterized by time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness
Immune system
protects us from disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. immune system has two branches-- 1. innate immune system-reacts quickly and nonspecifically to any microorganism or toxin that enters the body, releasing cells that kill and ingest the invaders 2. specific immune system-remembers the pathogen so that if it attacks again the system is able to kill it more quickly and efficiently
guided mastery techniques
provide people with explicit information about how to engage in positive health-related behaviors and with opportunities to do so in increasingly challenging situations. Goals: to increase peoples skills as well as their beliefs that they can engage in the behaviors (self-efficacy beliefs)
central sleep apnea
sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods of times (20 seconds or more); sufferers do not have frequent awakenings and do not tend to feel tired during the day; occurs when the brain does not send the signal to breathe to the respiratory
circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both due to disruptions in circadian rhythms
narcolepsy
sleep disorder characterized by irresistible attacks of sleep plus cataplexy or recurrent intrusions of elements of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep into the transition between sleep and wakefulness
nightmare disorder
sleep disorder characterized by nightmares frequent enough to cause significant distress or impairment in fuctioning
obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep
disorders of arousal
sleep disorders that involve recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep that seem to mix elements of wakefulness and NREM sleep
substance induced sleep disorder
sleep disturbance due to the use of substances, including prescription medications (medications that control hypertension or cardia arrhythmias) and nonprescription substances (alcohol and caffeine)
