Psych 405 Exam #2

According to the attribution-helplessness theory, which kind of thought would be most likely to lead, over time, to learned helplessness and depression?

"I can never figure out what to do in these situations."

Current estimates indicate that in any given year, approximately _____ percent of U.S. adults have an anxiety disorder.

18

According to current estimates, what percentage of people will develop an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives?

31

Midge's therapist suspects that she is suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Before making that diagnosis, however, according to the DSM-5 the therapist should confirm that Midge's symptoms have persisted for at least:

6 months

To qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least:

6 months

Which symptom pair denotes a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?

Mania and depression

In which behavioral technique is the exposure indirect?

Modeling

What ARE techniques used in social skills training?

Modeling, feedback, rehersial

Which qualifiers are used to describe a person's social anxiety disorder?

Narrow or broad

A therapist is focused on teaching a client how to recognize automatic thoughts. This therapist is in which phase of Beck's approach to treating unipolar depression?

Phase 2

Which form of treatment is widely used but lacks strong supportive evidence of its effectiveness in treating unipolar depression?

Psychodynamic therapy

Which statement about treatment for bipolar disorder is TRUE?

Psychotherapy combined with mood stabilizers works best

Derek tries to interact with as few people as possible during the weekday. He doesn't engage in any non-work events such as birthday celebrations or happy hours because he thinks he is socially awkward and will make a fool of himself. These thoughts and symptoms are consistent with:

Social anxiety disorder

What perspective maintains that generalized anxiety disorder develops as a result of exposure to threatening environments?

Sociocultural

Which has DSM-5 NOT categorized as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

Somatic symptom disorder

A nutraceutical that is MOST likely to be helpful in cases of mild depression is:

St. John's wort.

A growing number of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are now being treated with a combination of drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy is because. The main reason is that:

The combined approach yields better results than either form of therapy used alone

What is the most commonly seen relationship between the frequency of depressive and manic episodes in a person with bipolar disorder?

The depressive episodes occur three times as often as the manic episodes.

Which suggestion is shared by both the metacognitive theory and the avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder?

Worrying serves some sort of "positive" function for the sufferer

According to both Freud and other, later psychodynamic theorists, what drives obsessive-compulsive behavior?

a conflict between the aggressive id and harming people

"I'm going to go out on the streets and help everyone who is homeless! Then I'll write a play about my work and put it on Broadway. But first, I need to go home and cook a gourmet meal." The individual saying this is MOST likely experiencing:

a manic episode

Female rape victims are most commonly attacked by a(n):

acquaintance or friend

Arthur's sister visits him once a week and brings groceries, because he cannot bring himself to venture into public places such as grocery stores. Arthur suffers from what kind of phobia?

agoraphobia

Fear of venturing into public places is known as:

agoraphobia

Panic disorder is commonly accompanied by:

agoraphobia

The idea that human beings are "prepared" to acquire some phobias and not others flows from a _____ perspective.

behavioral-evolutionary

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder is likely to:

believe that negative thoughts are equivalent to negative actions

The anti-anxiety drugs diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) are classified as:

benzodiazepines

Unlike unipolar depression, bipolar disorders appear to be best explained by focusing largely on:

biological factors

Sawyer had been up for 72 hours and went on a painting spree. After finishing a few canvas paintings, he was driven to do something even bigger and better, so he painted a mural on his bedroom wall. Eventually Sawyer's energy level began to drop. At some point, he lost all motivation and began staying in bed for most of the day. Sawyer would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

bipolar I disorder

The form of bipolar disorder characterized by episodes of hypomania alternating with major depressive episodes is:

bipolar II disorder

A local psychologist accompanies APA and Red Cross personnel to help firefighters deal with the stress they experience shortly after a disastrous fire. The psychologist interacts with victims to let them know that their reactions are normal and to offer stress management tips. The psychologist is providing:

critical incident stress debriefing

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been found to be most helpful in alleviating the symptoms of depression when administered:

daily for 4 to 6 weeks

People with _____ feel as though they have become separated from their own mental processes or body and are observing themselves from outside.

depersonalization disorder

Among biological treatments, _____ appears to be most effective for reducing depression.

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Dread and horror are part of the ____ responses to stress.

emotional

When the adrenal medulla is stimulated, _____ are released.

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Some studies indicate that _____ treatment is the single most helpful intervention for persons with stress disorders, irrespective of the precipitating trauma.

exposure

A therapist treating a client for obsessive-compulsive disorder instructs the client to leave dirty dishes in the sink instead of washing them. This treatment is called:

exposure and response prevention

Meyer's technique, which involves instructing clients not to perform their compulsive behavior, is called:

exposure and response prevention

A researcher who wants to examine the relatives of people with unipolar depression to see whether the disorder affects other family members should complete a _____ study.

family pedigree

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a _____ approach to treating unipolar depression.

family-social

Social skills training for individuals with social anxiety disorder would NOT include:

flooding

Psychodynamic therapy for unipolar depression would be expected to be MOST helpful for a client who:

has a long-standing sense of emptiness

"Generalized anxiety disorder results from repeatedly denying one's true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors." This statement BEST reflects the perspective of:

humanistic theorists

The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode include all of the following symptoms of depression EXCEPT:

hyperfocus on a singular activity.

Which technique is used in patients with dissociative amnesia to help them recover memories?

hypnotic therapy

it is thought that benzodiazepines or antidepressants can reduce symptoms of social anxiety by:

improving how the fear circuit functions

The ultimate goal of treatment for people with dissociative identity disorder is:

integration of subpersonalities.

Natalia has very few friends and doesn't feel very close to the few friends she has. She spends all of her free time with her husband but even feels disconnected from him much of the time. This scenario BEST describes:

interpersonal deficits.

Cooper looked at his car and knew it was his, but felt as if he had never seen it before. Cooper may have been experiencing:

jamais vu

Panic disorder tends to develop in:

late adolescents or early adulthood

A psychodynamic therapist working with a client with depression would NOT expect the client to:

learn to shed all of his or her unconscious defense mechanisms

The cognitive-behavioral perspective of panic disorder suggests that individuals with this condition:

may be overly sensitive to bodily sensation and misinterpret them.

It would be unusual for obsessive-compulsive disorder to develop in a(n):

middle-aged adult

During a therapy session to treat a phobia, the therapist confronts the object or situation feared by the client while the client observes. This approach is termed:

modeling

To treat a client with fire phobia, a therapist lights a candle, holds it, and permits it to burn a bit. She then invites the client to hold the candle. This is an example of:

modeling

Suddenly and without warning, and without apparent cause, Melissa felt scared that she was losing control and became paralyzed with fear for several minutes. These symptoms are consistent with a(n):

panic attack

Of the anxiety disorders discussed in the text, the disorder with the highest female to male ratio is:

panic disorder

The body system that helps reduce our arousal response is the:

parasympathetic nervous system

To treat a client with a fear of dogs, a therapist brings a dog into the office, speaks to the dog, and pets it for a bit. She then invites the client to pat the dog's head. This is an example of:

participant modeling

Clinicians eventually have come to realize that many soldiers experience serious psychological symptoms long after combat is over. The disorder that can follow combat is called:

post-traumatic stress disorder

As part of the treatment for a combat veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder, the therapist directs the client to confront both trauma-related objects or situations and painful memories of the trauma. This therapist is practicing:

prolonged exposure

The oldest of all psychotherapies used to treat unipolar depression is:

psychodynamic theory

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was first used in the treatment of:

psychosis

Which is NOT a way of categorizing unipolar depression?

rapid cycling

How effective is psychotherapy alone as a treatment for bipolar disorder?

rarely effective

"The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that everyone must love and approve of you." This statement might be made by a therapist practicing:

rational-emotive therapy

Which would NOT be considered a useful goal of adjunctive psychotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

reintroducing clients who have depression to pleasurable events and activities

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by the defense mechanisms of:

repression

Samantha adapts well and copes effectively after a hurricane devastates her home. She can be said to be demonstrating:

resiliance

Social skills training for individuals with social anxiety disorder would include:

role-playing, rehearsing new behaviors, providing reinforcement

Some theorists conclude that dissociative disorders may be a form of:

self-hypnosis

Research suggests that behavioral activation techniques as the sole treatment approach are of limited help to people with _____ depression.

severe

Compared with fraternal twins or other siblings, identical twins of persons with a bipolar disorder are _____ likely to develop bipolar disorder.

significantly more

A severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a person may be exposed to scrutiny, such as public speaking or performing, is called:

social anxiety disorder

According to Peter Lewinsohn, which type of rewards are particularly important in the downward spiral of depression?

social rewards

A therapist works with a client to improve eye contact and body language that signals the client is open to being approached. This is an example of:

social skills training

To explain the relationship between loss and depression, Freud used the concept of _____, in which a person unconsciously interprets negative experiences as the loss of a loved one.

symbolic loss

When we encounter a stressor, the ____ nervous system accelerates the automatic processes in our body. After the stressor is over, the ____ nervous system returns us to normal functioning.

sympathetic; parasympathetic

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together

syndrome

During disease epidemics, the rate of clinical depression in stricken communities rises sharply among both adults and children. This is best explained using:

the sociocultural model.

Research shows that clients who receive adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder are _____ to continue taking their medications.

twice as likely

Women are at least _____ times as likely as men to have episodes of severe unipolar depression.

two

Which is NOT a physical symptom associated with panic disorder?

vomiting

Which group of Americans has the highest rates of chronicity when it comes to depression?

Hispanic Americans

_____ serotonin activity accompanied by _____ norepinephrine activity may lead to mania.

Low; high

What is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?

Exposure

In which kind of study would a researcher determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder?

Family pedigree study

Alaina is always edgy and nervous and feels there is something to be afraid of, though she cannot name it. She is MOST likely suffering from:

Generalized anxiety disorder

Which is NOT a type of anxiety disorder?

Bipolar disorder

_____ are the quiet observers in someone with dissociative identity disorder

Coconscious subpersonalities

Which type of psychotherapist would tell a patient being treated for a cleaning compulsion to resist the urge to mop the bathroom floor for a week?

Cognitive-behavioral

Which term was used to describe symptoms of severe anxiety and depression experiences during World War II and the Korean War?

Combat fatigue

The category of major depressive disorder in which the person experiences excessive activity or immobility is:

catatonic

The type of therapy that tries to help clients who have anxiety by providing empathy and genuine acceptance is called:

client-centered therapy

Ally has a hard time following conversations and forgets much of what was talked about. This is an example of a(n) _____ symptom of depression.

cognitive

"Although not the only way, I believe that one way of acquiring a fear reaction is through modeling. And that fear reaction may then turn into a phobia." This MOST closely reflects the thinking of a _____ theorist.

cognitive-behavioral

A therapist encourages a client with unipolar depression to prepare a weekly activity schedule that is set up around pleasurable activities. The therapist is using a(n) _____ approach.

cognitive-behavioral

According to psychodynamic theorists, in obsessive-compulsive disorder, the defense mechanisms used by the ego appear as:

compulsions