psych

14. A negative correlation coefficient indicates that as scores on one variable ____, score on the other variable _____. a. Increase/decrease b. Decrease/decrease c. Increase/increase d. Level out/decrease

a

13. You notice a correlation coefficient of .02 between two variables you're studying. What conclusions should you reach about their relationship? a. The two variables are pretty much unrelated to one another; scores on one variable show no consistent pattern with scores on the other variable b. Two variables show a near-perfect positive correlation; 0.02 is close to ideal, and high scores on one variable are associated with high scores on the other c. The two variables show a near-perfect negative correlation; 0.02 is close to ideal, and high scores on one variable are associated with low scores on the other d. A correlation of 0.02 is under the "0.01 threshold" therefore the data should be reexamined using a new group of research participants

a

17. Ingo is conducting a psychological experiment with the help of his professor. AS research participants come to the laboratory, Ingo flips a coin. If the coin lands on heads, the participant takes part in the experimental group; if the coin lands on tails, the participant goes into the control group. What principle of experimental design is Ingo utilizing? a. Random assignment b. A double-blind procedure c. Controlling the dependent variable d. Placebo activation

a

20. The ethical principle of _____ means that research participants are given enough information about a study to make a reasonable decision about whether they will participate. a. Informed consent b. Debriefing c. Briefing d. Noblesse oblige

a

28. _______ is a neurotransmitter involved in voluntary muscle movement, pleasure and reward and attention. a. Dopamine b. GABA c. Serotonin d. Acetylcholine

a

29. Surgically removing brain structures from an animal to understand the effects on behavior is a technique for investigating brain function known as a. The lesion method b. PET scanning c. The LeMay technique d. The omega procedure

a

32. If you had severe difficulty forming memories, what part of your brain might be damaged? a. Hippocampus b. Hypothalamus c. Cerebellum d. Pons

a

33. The visual cortex is located in the a. Occipital lobe b. Parietal lobe c. Frontal lobe d. Temporal lobe

a

35. The brain stem structure involved in sleeping, waking and dreaming is the a. Pons b. Medulla oblongata c. Reticular activating system d. Hypothalamic projection

a

Empirical evidence refers to: a. Information that was gathered or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement b. The majority opinion adopted by most people when considering an issue c. The opinions of experts that are believed by non-experts for a given issue d. The most straightforward explanation that can be offered for a particular phenomenon

a

Maria's been feeling a lot of pressure lately. She wants to fit in with her peer group, so she started dressing as her friends do. She wants to be accepted by her family, so she's paid more attention to their traditions and customs lately. She also wants to fit in at school, so she's mindful of the implicit and explicit rules that students follow in the environment. Which type of psychological scientist would be most interested in Maria's behavior? a. Sociocultural psychologist b. Behaviorist c. Humanist d. Biological psychologist

a

The first psychological laboratory was established in: a. Leipzig, Germany b. Boston, Massachusetts c. Paris, France d. London, England

a

The idea that emotional problems spring from unconscious conflicts originated with: a. Psychoanalysis b. The mind cure c. Structuralism d. Functionalism

a

With which school of thought is William James most closely associated? a. Functionalism b. Structuralism c. Psychoanalysis d. Behaviorism

a

11. Natasha tells her psychology professor that she wants to study why similarity leads to attraction. "That's great," her professor replies. "But what do you mean, exactly by 'similarity' and 'attraction'"? What is Natasha's professor urging her to do? a. Formulate a hypothesis about the relationship between her variables of interest b. Create operational definitions for the variables she wants to study c. Propose a theory to explain why similarity is correlated with attraction d. Design a field experiment to test her hypothesis

b

12. Pedro wants to gauge the nation's attitudes toward hand-guns, so he polls a very large sample of National Rifle Association (NRA) members and asks them what they think. Despite having a lot of data, Pedro's conclusions are likely to be flawed. Why? a. He used a survey when he should have used an interview to collect the data b. The sample he used wasn't representative of the population he's interested in learning about c. Samples should always include about 13% of the population being studied d. He didn't use alternate-forms reliability when constructing measurements

b

16. In a study where college students are pampered (given endless amounts of money, satellite TV, and spicy Chinese food) to see whether this will important their scores in their psychology course, what is the independent variable? a. Students' scores on the next psychology midterm b. Whether students were pampered or not c. Students' previous scores (or baseline) on psychology midterms d. Students' scores on the next midterm minus the baseline score

b

19. An experiment in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group is called: a. Single-blind b. Double-blind c. Omni-blind d. Placebo-neutral

b

21. Connie administers a questionnaire on dating habits to the 35 students in her Intro Psych class. What type of sample do those participants constitute? a. A representative sample b. A convenience sample c. A population sample d. A dependent sample

b

24. Dr. Acula conducts a study and finds that worker satisfaction and worker productivity are highly correlated. What conclusions should she reach from her research? a. Great satisfaction causes workers to be more productive b. Higher levels of satisfaction are systematically related to higher levels of productivity c. Higher productivity causes workers to be more satisfied with their jobs d. Salary causes both increased productivity and increased satisfaction

b

26. Nerve cells found in the brain are called ____ whereas support cells found in the brain are called ____. a. Nerve cells/dendrites b. Neurons/glia c. Glia/axons d. Glia/neurons

b

34. Although people typically think of the brain as fully formed or "static" by adulthood, it actually has the ability to change in response to new experiences, by strengthening some neural connections, pruning others, or reorganizing itself. This property is called a. Generativity b. Plasticity c. Reformation d. Reformulation

b

Sid wants help dealing with his lack of motivation in school, so he enlists his roommate George, who's taking an introductory psychology course, to offer advice. "The problem is all in your brain," George suggests. "You've got an imbalance of chemicals and hormones, which is causing you to feel lackluster and unfocused." Which perspective on psychological science is George adopting? a. Learning perspective b. Biological perspective c. Psychoanalytic perspective d. Cognitive perspective

b

Trained introspection is a methodology that asks research participants to: a. Demonstrate the utility of their thoughts and feelings in observable behaviors b. Carefully observe and demonstrate their own sensations, mental images, and emotional states c. Revisit earlier stages of their conscious develop using hypnosis d. Respond quickly and accurately to changing external stimuli

b

Two psychologists, Eddie and Bill, walk into a bar, and each order a beer. Eddie says, "Look at that golden nectar...the bubbles, the foam, the slight fruit notes on my tongue, the amber color; man, that's a beer." Bill says, "This'll get me drunk." Eddie most likely endorses ____, whereas Bill most likely favors ____. a. Structuralism/psychoanalysis b. Structuralism/functionalism c. Functionalism/structuralism d. Structuralism/behaviorism

b

22. A research wants to study whether people using laptop computers in a public setting are more likely to sit near one another or more likely to sit near someone not using a computer. She sits in a local coffee shop for 2 hours each day for a week and counts the number of other patrons with or without a laptop and whether they sit next to someone with or without a laptop. What type of research methodology is being used in this study? a. Survey b. Laboratory observation c. Naturalistic observation d. Case study

c

23. Florence is interested in college student's morality, so she administers a survey to 100 classmates asking how many times they've vandalized public property, shoplifted a small item, lied to a loved one, taken office supplies from a workplace, or kept miscounted change from a cashier. Florence was pleased to find that a staggering 92% of her participants reported little to none of these activities, and concluded that today's students are a highly moral bunch. Why might this conclusion not be entirely warranted? a. Interviews with those 100 participants would have been a more efficient methodology b. Florence should have polled a more focused sample of known transgressors c. People may not always respond accurately to self-reported measures such as surveys d. She should have conducted case studies on the 8% of respondents who were immoral

c

30. Which of the following is not a main structure found in the brain stem? a. Reticular activating system b. Medulla c. Hypothalamus d. Pons

c

"the study of bumps on the head," a discredited approach to psychology is known as: a. psychoanalysis b. bumpology c. the theory of humors d. phrenology

d

15. Which of the following values for a correlation coefficient indicates the strongest degree of relationship? a. 0.59 b. -0.35 c. +0.03 d. -0.69

d

18. Margo is studying people's moods during a stressful laboratory situation. Wanting to be nice, she smiles at each participant who enters the experimental condition (where they'll be stressed) and remains neutral toward participants in the control group. Surprisingly, she finds that participants in the stressful condition report being in better moods at the end of the experiment, compared to participants in the control group. Margo's professor is not so surprised however, because she realizes the outcomes are plagued by: a. Placebo "bleed" b. Random assignment c. Regression toward the mean d. Experimenter effects

d

25. Carmen wants to test whether putting people in a good mood versus a bad mood effects the size of donation they give to a homeless person. In this experiment, the dependent variable is: a. A person's mood state b. Being in a good mood c. Being in a bad mood d. The size of the donation

d

27. In a typical neuron, information is received by ____ and transmitted to the next neuron by ____. a. Axon/dendrites b. Axon/glia c. Dendrites/glia d. Dendrites/axon

d

31. Which brain structure acts as a sensory rely station, directing visual or auditory sensations to other parts of the brain? a. Corpus callosum b. Hippocampus c. Pons d. Thalamus

d

Participants in an experiment are shown facial expressions of various emotions. Expressions of fear, sadness, anger and happiness flash on a screen at a rapid rate. Although many parts of the brain are activated in response to these images, which of the following brain structures would play a particularly important role in processing this emotional content? a. The cerebellum b. The olfactory bulb c. The hippocampus d. The amygdala

d

Psychoanalysis, a type of early psychology, was originated by: a. John Watson b. Wilhelm Wundt c. William James d. Sigmund Freud

d