psych

Dr. Smyth conducts research that examines how stress, disease, and disorders can impact individuals in the workplace. She is working in the area of ________ psychology.

occupational health

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accomidation

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

acetylcholine

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time, they lack the ability to think abstractly.

concrete operational

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one-third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept?

inattentional blindness

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

increase

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light.

longer wavelengths

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto-lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

Cognitive map

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Different amplitudes of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different waves.

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.

narcolepsy

Felicia smacks her thumb with a hammer while building a doghouse. The sense of ________ provides her brain with information about the pain she feels.

nociception

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory.

practical

If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?

proximity

According to Edwin Locke, job ________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one's job experiences, and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job.

satisfaction

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.

stimulant

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________.

stimulus discrimination

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important?

It allows for the consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

CArl Jung

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

Conscientiousness trait

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, abilities

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes more negative than resting potential

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

Schmeta

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

Which theory of dreams suggested that they do not, in fact, have any meaning at all but rather are simply the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firing that occurs while we sleep?

The activation-information-mode model

Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism versus superego control

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic nervous system

The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe.

temporal

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies?

top down processong

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself.

peripheral

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Which two concepts can be thought of as opposite processes within the classical conditioning model?

acquisition and extinction

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

after image

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

implicit

In a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens:fovea

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Employees and managers disagree about manager strengths and weaknesses.

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

Explicit

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually, the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Extinction

Which school of thinking in psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, the law of continuity, and the principle of closure?

Gestalt

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

Intrinsic

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________.

Philip Zimbardo

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

Replication

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

Somatic

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets?

standard deviation

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

B type

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

Cannon bard

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species?

Carl Jung

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

Clinical psychology

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

Developmental

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.

Limbic system

A group of preschool-age children is enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict the later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

Longitudinal design

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

avoiding the development of any contingency plans

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

Which choice is the best definition of a performance appraisal?

evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state, a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity.

flow

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

fluid

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetypes

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Which of the following exemplifies an advertisement that would reflect a task-oriented approach to job analysis?

driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material