Psych Ch. 6

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

classical conditioning imitation modeling operant conditioning-Answer

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning- Answer controlled conditioning physiological conditioning psychic conditioning

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ________.

conditioned response stimulus discrimination- Answer stimulus generalization unconditioned response

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval- Answer variable ratio

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order- Answer initial primary secondary

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

imitation modeling stimulus discrimination stimulus generalization -Answer

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.- Answer Lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens. Park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. Ryan observes Cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast.

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments. Fear is a conditioned response. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.- Answer One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Belinda saw Mavis receive a hug for cleaning his room. She is careful to clean her room because she saw Mavis get a reward for doing it. Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.-Answer Job wants to avoid being fired, so he follows the shop rules and does not smoke in the bathroom. Laurie wants to receive a smiley sticker and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she behaves herself.

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

a rabbit knowing to run away from an unleashed dog earning tokens for good behavior and spending the tokens on good behavior prizes learning karate from your best friend who takes karate lessons remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute- Answer

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

acquisition extinction punishment - Answer recovery

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

acquisition learning reinforcement shaping- Answer

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

acquisition- Answer extinction secondary conditioning stimulation

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student - Answer rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a room determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch other people fishing pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily- Answer

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

boys display fear differently from girls boys display more fear than girls emotion can be a conditioned response- Answer fear cannot be a conditioned response

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

classical operant primary-Answer secondary

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

cognition model-Answer response stimulus

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

conditioned latent- Answer partial primary

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned response conditioned stimulus- Answer unconditioned response