PSYCH CH4

The median age at which young children begin walking in the United States is _____ months.

12

Only a small proportion, about _____ percent, of U.S. teens wish they were someone else.

20

During intercourse, approximately _____ million sperm are released.

250

From ages _____, the brain's neural network is sprouting MOST rapidly in the _____ lobes, which enables rational planning.

3 to 6; frontal

In his research on the limbic system, Professor Caste electrically stimulates the ____________ of cats and then measures their rage and fear reactions.

AMYGDALA

Which list contains items that all belong together?

Ainsworth, attachment, anxious

Allan is 34. Beryl is 50. Callie is 63. Which of these individuals is middle-aged?

Beryl and Callie Allan is not middle-aged

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by _____ theory.

Erik Erikson's psychosocial development

When Carl was injured in a car accident, he lost consciousness for 10 minutes. He had sustained numerous lacerations, a right femoral contusion, and, most importantly, had a large open wound on his head. When he arrived at the emergency room, the attending physician immediately ordered which neuroimaging technique to rule out any damage to the soft tissue of the brain?

MRI

Which statement about death and dying is false?

Terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages of grief, such as denial before anger.

Kendra is a 20-month-old baby who is still crawling. She has not started to walk yet. What would her pediatrician likely say to her mother?

This is actually rare as most babies are walking by the time they are 15 months of age.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding heredity?

We can never say what percentage of an individual's personality or intelligence is solely inherited.

The action potential is best defined as:

a brief electrical impulse that transmits information along the axon of a neuron.

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This BEST illustrates the process of:

accommodation

Joan's mom and dad believe that parents know best. They expect Joan to obey all parental rules without question, and they are quick to impose stern punishments if she does not. In Baumrind's terms, Joan's parents are:

authoritarian

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; back talk is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____; Isabella's are _____.

authoritarian, authoritative

Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period.

concrete operational

Babies should be put to sleep on their backs to prevent:

crib death

The multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells are called:

dendrites

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:

development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

Compared to a century ago, menarche now occurs _____ in life and adult independence begins _____ in life.

earlier; later

Randi is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.

embryo/embryonic

Dr. Jamison studies the part of the brain that is active when people are lying. She asks half of her participants to tell the truth about an event from their childhood and half to tell a lie about a childhood event. Which of the following brain imaging techniques should she use to detect brain areas that are active when participants are lying?

fMRI

The MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

feeding

An unarmed 18-year-old African-American man was on his way to college when he engaged in an altercation with a police officer. The ending result was the police officer shot and killed him. Sean is a 19-year-old African-American man who is disgusted about what just took place in his neighborhood. He decides to demonstrate his frustration by joining in riots taking place in his neighborhood. Sean is in Piaget's _____ stages of cognitive development.

formal operational

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in the brain's _____ lobe.

frontal

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking?

frontal

What are the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes?

genes

Studies of identical twins who had been raised apart have most clearly increased scientific appreciation for the importance of ________ in personality development.

genetic influences

Most neurons have all of the following parts EXCEPT:

glia

In addition to controlling other endocrine glands, the pituitary also has primary responsibility for regulating:

growth

Larry was in an automobile accident in which he suffered serious head trauma. When he regained consciousness, he could not remember any new information and experiences that occurred since the accident. Larry likely had damage to which area of the limbic system?

hippocampus

Keith is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Keith is in the stage of development called _____ versus role confusion.

identity

As is typical of infants and young children everywhere, Janae first produced one-word sentences, then two-word sentences, and, finally, sentences of several words. This orderly sequence of language acquisition reflects:

maturation

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between development and maturation?

maturation is one type of development

Chanice is 12 years old. When she woke up this morning she noticed blood on her bed. This has never happened before. Chanice is experiencing:

menarche (first menstrual period)

Dr. Towne believes that genetics is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that experiences are primarily responsible for personality traits. The two psychologists are on different sides of the _____ debate.

nature vs nuture

Uninvolved parenting

negligent parenting

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

For most adolescents, the MOST important people in their lives are their:

peers

Which of these major issues is NOT among those emphasized by developmental psychologists?

person and situation

Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry MOST about:

pneumonia.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning, wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self, have developed what is known as _____ morality.

postconventional

Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is fundamentally wrong to take human life. He was willing to serve time in jail rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack's reasons for not going to war reflect Kohlberg's _____ level of moral reasoning.

postconventional

Susie does not eat cookies before dinner because her parents will send her to her room for the rest of the night. In Kohlberg's terms, Susie is at the _____ level of moral reasoning.

preconventional

Preoperational children know that objects exist even when they are not visible. They can also:

pretend that one object is another

As a public initiation into manhood, a bar mitzvah is an example of a:

rite of passage

Neurochemically, a slow _____ response has been found in abused children who became aggressive teens and adults.

serotonin

Carla is 32 years old and unmarried, and she is worried that she will not be married early enough to have children. Carla is feeling pressure from her culture's established:

social clock

Which nervous system stimulates ejaculation in males?

sympathetic

Each cerebral hemisphere can be roughly divided into four pairs of lobes. Which lobes process auditory information?

temporal lobes

A neighbor is 5 months pregnant and still smoking about a pack of cigarettes a day. Perhaps she is unaware that nicotine is a _____ for the fetus of a mother who smokes heavily.

teratogen

Shelly's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in another cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly's development of:

theory of mind

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

theory of mind

Research has shown that among European, Canadian, and American couples who live together before marriage:

there are higher rates of divorce

Based on Harlow's research with monkeys, what is the MOST helpful thing a person can do for a frightened infant or child?

touch or hold the child

Erik Erikson used the phrase "basic _____" to refer to a child's fundamental sense that the world is reliable and predictable.

trust

Autism is NOT related to:

vaccinations

All of these are difficult for older adults -memorizing nonsense syllables. -time-based tasks. -vocabulary. -recalling words.

vocabulary

A gene is a small segment of a(n) __________ that is capable of synthesizing proteins.

DNA molecule

The ______________ of the cerebral cortex are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

association areas

Marquis is the son of a teenage mother. She could not handle taking care of him and put him up for adoption when he was 4 weeks old. Marquis was placed in a foster home where he was abused. He was never adopted. It is MOST likely that Marquis will:

become an abusive parent with aggressive tendencies.

Because of cataracts, a neighbor was deprived of visual experiences during early childhood. Last year, her vision was restored by surgery but she is having difficulty in dealing with the visual world. This is probably because:

brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses.

After she suffered a brain injury, Marla had difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she suffered damage to her:

cerebellum

In grade school, Jessica thought boys had cooties and refused to be within inches of them. Now in high school, she flirts with boys and is anticipating dancing close with some of them at an upcoming dance. Her attitude toward boys represents the _____ side of the _____ developmental issue.

change; stability and change

This week Andrea is babysitting twins, Cassy and Nikki. She bakes the girls brownies and Cassy complains that her sister has more brownies than her. Andrea divides one of Cassy's brownies in half and asks her if it is now fair. Cassy replies, "No, all you did was cut it in half." Cassy is now in which stage of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory?

concrete operational

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy, because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:

conservation

Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-raising practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is MOST likely that Dr. Matsuko is a _____ psychologist.

developmental

Marjorie is especially interested in change and growth across the life span. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology.

developmental

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should the student consider taking next semester?

developmental psychology

The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development.

fetal

Marcia is 48. She has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing:

generativity

Individual differences in learning and memory abilities are greatest during _____ adulthood.

late

The idea that specific psychological or cognitive functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain is called:

lateralization

Dr. Juan is conducting a study of military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars, in which he plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to find out if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory over the 10 years. This is a(n) _____________ study.

longitudinal

Carole has stopped ovulating and is now incapable of reproduction. Carole has experienced:

menopause

When a woman stops ovulating and becomes incapable of reproduction, she experiences _____.

menopause

Scientists hope that by using master stem cells they will someday be able to help the body create new neurons for damaged areas of the brain through the process of:

neurogenesis

Serena, a girl, and Stanley, a boy, developed from separate fertilized eggs but share a birth date and a biological mother. They are:

opposite sex fraternal twins.

The conclusion of many researchers regarding the stability versus change developmental issue is that:

while some characteristics are stable, both stability and change are part of development.