Psych Chapter 11

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer? extraversion honesty cross-culturalism emotionality

A

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? denial displacement rationalization rejection

A

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. Max has become fixated at the Oedipal complex within the phallic stage. Max is overcompensating for an inferiority complex that was established in childhood. Max is an introvert who is trying hard to pretend that he is an extrovert.

A

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

A

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. An individual's personality is determined in childhood. Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.

A

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. Heritability Personality Temperament Trait

A

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. Congruence Egotism Incongruence Self--efficacy

A

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? reaction formation regression repression sublimation

B

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. actions that are internally motivated anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded reactions that are externally motivated actions that occur without conscious thought or intentionality

B

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. an external locus on control an internal locus of control good self-regulation poor self-regulation

B

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________. compartmentalization migration relocation homesteading

B

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. ego id superego unconscious

B

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. intrinsic motives high self-efficacy an introverted archetype poor reciprocal determinism

B

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? advocating for analytical psychology suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality the idea that men have womb envy the theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages

B

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. the esteem of others connections and affiliation self-actualization self-efficacy

C

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life balance between extroversion and introversion moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious

C

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? archetype collective unconscious Freudian slip repressed memory

C

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)? 6 8 10 12

C

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures. Rorschach test Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

C

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? They are more respectful of feminist psychology concepts. They are universal to virtually all cultures studied. They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions. They use animal research instead of relying on research with humans.

C

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? Personality is formed solely in childhood and does not change after we hit puberty. Personality is significantly shaped by the biology and genetic lineage of the organism. Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism. Personality theory should be based on social health and public interests.

C

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using? detachment extroversion moving against people moving with people

C

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents. How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality. Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other. Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood.

C

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self. guided; achieved internalized; externalized idea; perceived real; ideal

D

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck? introversion versus extraversion agreeableness versus unpleasantness neuroticism versus emotional stability psychoticism versus superego control

D

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. Biological Neo-Freudian Humanistic Trait

D