Psych Chapter 14 Questions

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of

GRIT.

Max fails to recycle his glass, metal, and plastic garbage because he thinks it's personally inconvenient and likely to have minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

a social trap

When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions best illustrated

altruism

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite having doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he subsequently began to develop more favorable attributes about the student's abilities?

cognitive dissonance theory

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of

equity

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night, he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their

frequency of dating

When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates

group polarization

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

harmony

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate

ingroup bias

Participants in Migram's obedience experiments were informed that they were involved in a study of

learning

After being heavily exposed to X-rated films, men are later ______ likely to perceive extramarital sex as troubling and _______ likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

less; more

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intention. This situation best illustrates

mirror-image perceptions

In a study of social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought

no others were pulling with them.

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of

normative social influence

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when

participants are not observed by other group members when giving their answers

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of

role playing on attitude change

Bonnie pedals an exercise bike at her healthy club much faster when other patrons happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates

social facilitation

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the of their flooding its bank required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of

superordinate goals

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. he continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in

the bystander effect

Researcher participants who worked alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrates

the chameleon effect

Shortly after Alex learned that he had failed to make the high school football team, he vandalized the teams' locker room and broke several classroom windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of

the frustration-aggression principle

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his over controlling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgement best illustrates

the fundamental attribution error

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." This reaction is best explained in terms of

the just-world phenomenon

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand. This preference best illustrates the importance of

the mere exposure effect

After Mrs. Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably inexpensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

the reciprocity norm

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for

the scapegoat theory

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a fighting event can facilitate passionate love?

the two-factor theory

The fundamental attribution error involves

underestimating situational constraints on another's behavior

Although Frieda is typically reserved, as part of a huge rock concert crowd she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a very sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation