Psych Chapter 5 reading

assimilation

A child using his new experience in terms of his existing schema is known as:

accommodation

A child's adaptation of his current understanding to incorporate new experiences is known as:

15 to 18 months of age

A researcher secretly puts a dab of rouge on a child's nose before placing him in front of a mirror. A child who recognizes himself in the mirror will touch his own nose when he sees the red spot. This self-recognition begins at approximately:

longitudinal

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____________ study.

B.F. Skinner

All of the following psychologists are considered stage theorists EXCEPT:

3

Alzheimer's disease strikes ___ percent of the world's population by age 75.

a heavy drinker or an alcoholic

An infant is most likely to be at risk for lower intelligence if her mother is:

insecure attachment

Angelina resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter, and she frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

one in four of those people with the weakest college smiles tended to divorce

As evidence of the stability of temperament over time, a study conducted by Hertenstein et al. (2009) found from studying college photographs that:

the sound of the mother singing

Based on research into the responses of infants immediately after they are born, we can be MOST certain that the human fetus is aware of and learns to recognize:

body odors

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers':

fetus

Due to health complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy had to be terminated during the third month in order to save her life. In what stage of prenatal development did she have the termination?

relies on his or her sensory and motor skills to acquire practical knowledge about the world

During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, the child:

concrete operational

During this stage of Piaget's cognitive development, children are able to think logically about events, grasp analogies, and perform arithmetical operations.

more self-assured, popular, and independent

Early-maturing boys tend to be:

generativity versus stagnation stage

Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or, oppositely, may feel a lack of purpose.

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

expectations

For women experiencing menopause, which of the following influences their perceptions and the emotional impact of this event?

3; 6; frontal

From age ______to age______, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _______ lobes.

attachment; self-concept

If infancy's major social achievement is _____, childhood's major social achievement is the development of a _____.

a mental representation of the world

In Piaget's theory, a schema is:

myelin

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

Jake, a 3-month-old baby, is staring intently at the new person who just came in the room. Why is he staring so intently?

Jake, a 3-month-old baby, is staring intently at the new person who just came in the room. Why is he staring so intently?

emerging adulthood

Javier is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses, and he spends school holidays at home with them. He is in the phase of life known as:

intimacy versus isolation

Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. Jenny is in the stage of development called:

preconventional

Mark thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Mark demonstrates ________ morality.

formal operations

Most people achieve which of Piaget's intellectual stages during adolescence?

allowed emerging adults to remain on their parents' health insurance until age 26

Recognizing today's more gradually emerging adulthood and longer period of time before these individuals will reach independence, the U.S. government has:

gradual decrease in testosterone

Reggie is now in his mid-50s, so he can expect to experience a:

their mother's voice to another woman's voice

Research shows that infants only a few weeks old prefer:

social and cultural factors

Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is strongly influenced by:

psychological

Seventy-six-year-old Harry has an optimistic outlook on life, plays golf several times a week, and teaches English to non-English-speaking people. These activities and attitude demonstrate the role _____ factors play in helping older people live longer and flourish.

identity versus role confusion

Sixteen-year-old Jeremy is trying out different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. Jeremy is in the stage of development called:

people of one age think and act differently when they arrive at a later age

Stage theories have contributed a developmental perspective on the entire life span by suggesting the idea that:

longitudinal

Studies in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time are called __________ studies.

severe anxiety

Studies show that if a girl develops physically ahead of her emotional maturity, this combination can cause the girl to be prone to:

are very stable over time

Temperament and emotionality studies have demonstrated that these characteristics:

cross-sectional

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study of memory and response time in relation to timed tasks in groups of 50- to 75-year-old adults. The researchers are bringing in these age groups at once in order to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____________ study.

fetus

The _____ is the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

placenta

The _____ transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to her developing fetus.

12.5; menarche

The first menstrual period in girls occurs usually within a year of age ____, and it is known as _____________.

healthy, active, and self-sufficient

The majority of adults aged 65 and older in the United States are:

29; 27

The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures, such as those in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States has increased more than four years since 1960, to _______ for men and _______ for women.

attachment

The term used by psychologists to describe and measure the emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver is called:

pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development

Thirteen-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the most likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?

Harry Harlow

This famous experiment by ____________ involved rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers.

emerging adulthood

Twenty-three-year-old Jenna graduated from college and has a job, but she is seeking a better employment situation. She is still living at home and is dependent on her family for insurance and most meals. Jenna is in the stage of life known as:

one-third

Twenty-three-year-old Jenna graduated from college and has a job, but she is seeking a better employment situation. She is still living at home and is dependent on her family for insurance and most meals. Jenna is in the stage of life known as:

5

Up to age 95, the incidence of mental disintegration doubles every ___ years.

5 to 20

When Gail was diagnosed with Alzheimer's, her daughter Ruth Ann asked the doctor what to expect. He told her that there would be a progressive decline of memory and thinking, and that the disease has a course of about __________ years.

generativity versus stagnation

When Peter celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company, he felt that the gold watch he was given was just a meaningless trinket and he was glad that he had balanced his work with family life. Peter is in the stage of development called:

formal operations

When adolescents achieve the intellectual summit that Jean Piaget called _____, they apply their new abstract reasoning tools to the world around them.

remembers the original stimulus, thus making the new stimulus seem different

When an infant gazes more intently at a new stimulus, researchers conclude that the infant recognizes that stimulus as being new to the infant. It follows that the infant:

secure; insecure

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

Older adults experience more positive feelings, supported by enhanced emotional control and the subsiding of negative feelings

Which of the following is true about the comparison of the emotional well-being of older adults (over 65) and younger adults?

Older adults experience more positive feelings, supported by enhanced emotional control and the subsiding of negative feelings.

Which of the following is true about the comparison of the emotional well-being of older adults (over 65) and younger adults?

Teens have tended to see their parents as having influence in the shaping of their religious faith and in thinking about college and career choices as well as political values

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the psychological research on peer relationships during adolescence?

Worldwide, women outlive men by 4.7 years

Which of the following statements is true of the life expectancy of males and females?

differentiate

Within the first week after conception, the cells of the zygote begin to ___________. In other words, the cells begin to specialize in structure and function.

The cells of the zygote begin to differentiate

You just realized that you conceived a child about seven days ago. You rush to find a book on pregnancy so that you can learn more about what is happening. Which of the following does the book say is occurring around the seventh day of pregnancy?

No, she is not wasting her time. Her baby can hear her and will likely recognize her voice immediately after birth

You read about a woman who is 7 months pregnant and has been reciting poems and singing to her fetus. Is she wasting her time?

embryo

Your cousin lost her baby during her eighth week of pregnancy. During what stage of prenatal development did she have the miscarriage?

Autism spectrum disorder

_____ is characteristic of deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind.