Psych Exam II

4. In which case is a participant MOST likely to give the correct answer in the type of conformity experiments conducted by Asch? A) When 10 of the other group members gave an incorrect answer, but 1 group member gave the correct answer B) When all 5 of the other group members gave an incorrect answer C) When the experimenter has suggested that the participant isn't very good at the task D) When all 5 of the other group members gave an incorrect answer and those group members are part of a club the participant really wants to join

a

4. Pam really likes her pottery class because even though it's difficult, she feels like she can meet any challenge. In this case, the pottery class would satisfy her need for: A) autonomy B) competence C) relatedness

a

5. Dave Eshelman (a 'guard') argues that his behavior was him __________________. Meanwhile, Richard Yacco (a 'prisoner') indicates that his behavior was him _________. A. consciously playing the role he was assigned to play; unconsciously adapting his behavior to be consistent with his role B. unconsciously adapting his behavior to be consistent with his role; consciously playing the role he was assigned to play

a

5. Jenny is a high school teacher. She is interested in examining how the personality of her students is related to their scores on her exams. Which personality measure that Jenny could use would be the LEAST reliable measure of personality? A) NEO-PI B) Rorschach Inkblot C) MMPI-2

b

7. Helen's car won't start in the morning, so Helen and her three roommates are forced to push the car down the street to the garage. Helen pretends to push as hard as she can, but in reality she barely pushes at all. This is an example of: A) group polarization B) social loafing C) social facilitation D) group think E) bystander apathy

b

8. In an attempt to increase the amount of time Caitlin spends practicing piano, every time Caitlin practices the piano, her mother takes one item off of Caitlin's list of chores for the week. In this case Caitlin's mother is using: A) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) positive punishment D) negative punishment E) a sensitizer

b

Bill and Cindy are planning on buying exactly the same car, but they go to different dealerships to make their purchase. At the dealership Bill is at, the car is listed as costing $21,000; so he makes an offer of $19,000. At the dealership Cindy is at, the car is listed as costing $25,000; so she makes an offer of $23,000. The discrepancy between what Bill and Cindy offer due to the listed cost is illustrative of the phenomenon of ___________. sunk cost fallacy anchoring confirmation bias hot hand fallacy gambler's fallacy

b

1. Jenna is an expert bowler - her average score is 225, while Bob has only been bowling three times in his life - his average score is 70. If Jenna and Bob competed in a bowling tournament with many spectators, what would be their predicted scores based upon the social facilitation effect? A) Jenna: below 225; Bob: below 70 B) Jenna: above 225; Bob: above 70 C) Jenna: above 225; Bob: below 70 D) Jenna: below 225: Bob: above 70

c

1. One criterion that defines a personality trait is consistency. Which of the following is an example of "consistency"? A. Jeff is now 40 years old. He has been highly outgoing, talkative, and sociable since he was 5 years old. B. Nearly all human beings have two eyes and two ears. C. Brenda is careful and follows the rules no matter where she is - whether it is at home, at school, or at her job.

c

1. Which of the following best describes the results of Asch's conformity experiments? A. Most individuals were willing to give extremely high levels of electric shock B. Most individuals were willing to go along with the group in cases where the answer wasn't totally clear, but always answered correctly on trials where the answer was totally clear C. Most individuals gave at least one incorrect response that matched the group response, even in cases where that response was clearly incorrect D. Only a few individuals were willing to give extremely high levels of electric shock

c

2. In gym class Sam has take part in 3 different rowing events (i.e. "crew"/rowing a boat). In the first event he'll be rowing by himself, in the second he'll be rowing with one other person, in the third he'll be rowing with eight other people. The gym teacher only knows what the total time for each event is, not how hard each person is rowing. In which of the events is Sam likely to put in the least effort? A) When he is by himself B) When he is with a partner C) When he is with eight other people D) All the events will be equal

c

3. We have talked in class about the fact that many of our experiences (e.g. our perceptions) are the result of an inference process that takes into account both "bottom-up" estimates (e.g. the wavelengths of light hitting our eye) and "top-down" estimates (e.g. our knowledge of what colors certain objects usually are). Which theory of emotion is most consistent with this idea (i.e. combining changes in our base physiology with cognitions and memories)? A) James-Lange B) Cannon-Bard C) Schacter-Singer D) Simon-Garfunkel E) Adam-Eve

c

4. Which of the following is NOT true about the results of Milgram's studies on obedience? A. Individuals were less willing to give high levels of shock if they were in the same room as the "learner" B. Individuals were less willing to give high levels of shock if they were physically touching the "learner" C. Males were much less willing than females to give high levels of shock D. Individuals were less willing to give high levels of shock if they saw other individuals refuse to give high levels of shock E. Individuals were less willing to give high levels of shock if the instructions did not come directly from the experimenter

c

5. Based upon the research of Thomas Bouchard Jr. described in your reading, which pair of individuals below would be expected to have the closest match in terms of personality? A. Two brothers, three years apart in age, raised together B. Two bothers, one year apart in age, raised together C. Identical twin brothers, raised in separate homes D. A father and a son

c

6. Josh is somewhat prejudiced against Muslims. If Josh joins a group whose members are all also slightly prejudiced against Muslims, he is likely to become _______ prejudiced. This phenomenon is known as _________. A) more; group think B) less; group think C) more; group polarization D) less; group polarization E) more; social facilitation

c

9. Phineas Gage suffered damage to what lobe of his brain - damage that resulted in severe changes to his personality? A) Occipital lobe B) Temporal lobe C) Frontal lobe D) Parietal lobe

c

Bill's friend Jameson constantly talks about how much he hates people from Madagascar. However, when Jameson is asked why he hates people from Madagascar, it is clear that he has no basis (real or imagined) for this emotional reaction. In this case Jameson would be described as: being prejudiced against people from Madagascar, where the prejudice arises from his stereotypical views of people from Madagascar holding clear stereotypical views of people from Madagascar being prejudiced against people from Madagascar, even though he holds no stereotypical views of people from Madagascar

c

5. Quentin has mixed feelings about the pottery class. He likes the fact that he gets to interact a lot with the other students and with the professor. But he doesn't like the fact that he is told exactly what he has to produce every class instead of getting to chose what he wants to produce. For Quentin, the class is likely satisfying his need for __________, but not for _________. A) autonomy; competence B) competence; autonomy C) relatedness, competence D) relatedness; autonomy E) autonomy; relatedness

d

Nadia is a University of Wisconsin-Madison undergraduate. She holds the stereotypical view that individuals who go to the local community college are "all stupid." When she is asked to estimate the range of intelligence scores at UW-Madison her estimate ranges from 105-155 (remember an IQ score of 100 is "average"). Which of the following is most likely to be her estimate for the local community college? 105-155 80-130 115-165 80-95

d

Yuri is a patient in the local neurology clinic that has suffered a stroke in Broca's area. What is most likely true? that she will have a deficit of attention, predominantly on the right side of space that she will have a deficit of attention, predominantly on the left side of space that she will have severe problems understanding language that she will have severe problems producing spoken language

d

Bill, Tyler, and Ann are all part of a "stock picking" game in their high school economics class. Bill and Tyler aren't taking the game seriously and so they pick their stocks by randomly throwing darts at a piece of paper. Just by chance, Bill's stocks perform incredibly well, while Tyler's stocks perform incredibly poorly. When the next semester starts, the professor informs the class that they will be picking stocks in pairs, rather than alone. Who is Ann more likely to want as a partner? Bill Tyler Bill and Tyler should be equally likely since they both picked stocks in the previous semester in exactly the same way

Bill

1. Although Nadia doesn't care very much about sports, she decides to join the school volleyball team. In order to join the team, the current team members force her to drink milkshakes until she vomits and then to run through the school cafeteria in her underwear. Once Nadia is finally accepted onto the team, she rates the volleyball team as the most important aspect of her life. This is an example of: A) justification of effort B) self-serving bias C) classical conditioning D) the actor-observer effect E) conformity

a

1. Three groups of individuals are asked to judge how funny a comic's new routine is. Group one is told to smile through the entire routine no matter what. Group two is told to frown through the entire routine no matter what. Group three is given no instructions. Which group will likely give the routine the highest (i.e. "most funny") ratings? A. Group one B. Group two C. Group three D. All will be equal, your facial expression has no impact on how you evaluate funniness

a

2. Most students ___________ how much alcohol other students drink. Because of the human tendency to conform to group norms, this false belief causes students to drink _______ than they otherwise would. A. overestimate; more B. overestimate; less C. underestimate; more D. underestimate; less

a

2. One criterion that defines a personality trait is stability. Which of the following is an example of "stability"? A. Jeff is now 40 years old. He has been highly outgoing, talkative, and sociable since he was 5 years old. B. Nearly all human beings have two eyes and two ears. C. Brenda is careful and follows the rules no matter where she is - whether it is at home, at school, or at her job.

a

2. The emotion labeled as "delighted" is reasonably _______ in valence and _______ in arousal. A) high; high B) high; low C) low; high D) low; low

a

2. Two groups of individuals are asked to rate how funny a new television show is. Group one is told to watch the show while "raising their cheeks". Group two is told to watch the show while "lowering their eyebrows." Which group will likely give the show the highest (i.e. "most funny") ratings? A. Group one B. Group two C. Both will be equal, these facial expressions have no relevance to how funny a television show is

a

3. Alice, from the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, is described as being incredibly curious and imaginative. Based on only that description, she would likely score HIGH in what personality trait? A. Openness B. Extraversion C. Conscientiousness D. Neuroticism E. Agreeableness

a

3. Bill has always believed that all animal research is wrong, even if it results in cures for diseases that kill humans/animals. In college he joins a group that focuses on eliminating animal research. Bill's beliefs about animal research are likely to: A) become more against animal research B) become less against animal research C) not change

a

3. The classic "levels of processing" experiments on learning showed that individuals recalled words better when they were forced to do __________ processing, as compared to _________ or _________ processing. A) semantic; auditory; visual B) auditory; semantic; visual C) visual; auditory; semantic D) semantic; encoding; auditory E) encoding; semantic; auditory

a

3. Which of the following best describes the results of Milgram's obedience experiments? A. Most individuals were willing to give extremely high levels of electric shock B. Most individuals were willing to go along with the group in cases where the answer wasn't totally clear, but always answered correctly on trials where the answer was totally clear C. Most individuals gave at least one incorrect response that matched the group response, even in cases where that response was clearly incorrect D. Only a few individuals were willing to give extremely high levels of electric shock

a

7. Jen and Sarah are best friends. At age 10 Jen was about average for her age in conscientiousness, while Sarah was extremely conscientious for her age. If they are measured again in 50 years, what is the most likely finding? A) Jen will be about average in conscientiousness for her age; Sarah will be well above average in conscientiousness for her age B) Jen will be above average in conscientiousness for her age; Sarah will be far above average in conscientiousness for her age C) Jen will be below average in conscientiousness for her age; Sarah will be about average in conscientiousness for her age D) Jen will be below average in conscientiousness for her age; Sarah will be well above average in conscientiousness for her age

a

8. Kevin feels unhealthy and knows that he needs to eat more healthy food in order to be in better physical shape. However, two or three nights a week, Kevin eats an entire box of donuts. It is likely Kevin will experience: A) cognitive dissonance B) internal persuasion C) systematic persuasion D) the repetition saliency effect E) the social exposure effect

a

Joann is driving home from class one foggy night. As she is turning right, she almost hits Brad who is biking past. Which of the following most closely corresponds to how Joann will likely describe the near accident? "I almost hit a biker on the way home. I couldn't see him until the last instant because of the fog." "I almost hit a biker on the way home. I'm never concentrating enough when I drive." "I almost hit a biker on the way home. I wasn't paying any attention to where I was going."

a

Prior to the 2008 Presidential election, social psychologists found that many individuals found it easier to pair ___________ with "American" than to pair Barack Obama with "American." Both John McCain and Tony Blair Just John McCain Just Tony Blair

a

When Janice gets up from eating, she trips and spills soup all over herself. Janice mutters to herself that the floor in the cafeteria is incredibly uneven. Janice has made a _______ attribution about herself. situational dispositional static dynamic

a

that she will have severe problems producing spoken language Gary goes to his kitchen in the middle of the night for a snack and sees a banana on the counter. His perception is of a yellow banana. The "bottom up" information driving this perception is ________________, while the "top down" information driving this perception is _______________. the wavelength of the photons coming off the banana; his knowledge that bananas are usually yellow the total number of photons coming off the banana; his knowledge that bananas are usually yellow the wavelength of photons coming off the banana; his knowledge that shadows usually make items look more dim his knowledge that bananas are usually yellow; the wavelength of the photons coming off the banana

a

1. Bryan was born blind. Even though he's never seen another individual smile, when he is happy he clearly smiles. This is consistent with the _________________. A) social conditioning theory of facial expressions B) universality hypothesis of facial expressions C) emotional conditioning theory of facial expressions

b

1. Joan always enjoyed playing the trumpet and although it wasn't the most important thing in the world to her, she decided to join the school band. Joining the band though meant going through a number of "hazing" rituals in which Joan was subjected to verbal and physical abuse. After Joan made it through the "hazing" and joined the band, she often remarked that the band was the "most important thing in her life." This is an example of _____________, which is a way humans often resolve _____________. A) extroversion; introversion B) justification of effort; cognitive dissonance C) cognitive dissonance; justification of effort D) attitude formation; justification of effort

b

1. The original focus of the Stanford Prison study was on: A. how individuals act/change when they are powerless (i.e. on the 'prisoners') B. how individuals act/change when they are given power (i.e. on the 'prison guards')

b

10. Most individuals in the United States know very little about a new Iran nuclear deal framework agreed upon by the Iran, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, China, and Germany. Understanding the deal requires extensive knowledge about international diplomacy, nuclear reactors, and the world economy that most individuals in the United States also do not have. A politician wants to persuade as many US citizens as possible to agree with his position on the deal. What type of persuasion should he use? A) central/systematic persuasion B) peripheral/heuristic persuasion

b

2. A business owner is interested in determining what personality aspects are most predictive of being a good salesperson. She first comes up with a list of 400 questions about individuals' daily lives and personal preferences (e.g. "Yes or No, I eat breakfast every single morning."). She then has every person in the company answer all 400 questions. When this is done, she looks to see which questions her star salespeople tended to answer "Yes" to and which questions her star salespeople tended to answer "No" to. She then used this information to guide her future hiring (i.e. she hired people who tended to answer the questions the same way her star salespeople did). This is an example of a ______________ approach to measuring personality. A) theoretical B) empirical C) methodological D) theological

b

2. A political candidate in Wisconsin is eager to gain the endorsement of players from the Green Bay Packers, knowing that these endorsements will influence people to vote for her. The principle at work here is: A) systematic persuasion B) heuristic persuasion C) rational persuasion D) normative persuasion E) irrational persuasion

b

2. In the Ted talk you watched, the speaker describes an experiment by Dr. Milgram where participants were asked by an experimenter to give ever increasing electric shocks to fellow participants. Before the experiment, Dr. Milgram polls some of the fellow psychologists and asks what percentage of participants they estimate will be willing to give the highest level of shock (450 volts, which will lead to severe pain/death). The psychologists average estimate was around ______ percent. The real value was around ______ percent. A. 50%, 100% B. 1%, 66% C. 50%, 1% D. 1%, 1%

b

2. Which of the following correctly orders the average personality similarity of siblings from most similar to least similar? A) identical twins reared together, fraternal twins reared together, identical twins reared apart B) identical twins reared together, identical twins reared apart, fraternal twins reared together C) identical twins reared together, fraternal twins reared apart, fraternal twins reared together D) fraternal twins reared together, identical twins reared apart, fraternal twins reared apart E) fraternal twins reared together, fraternal twins reared apart, identical twins reared apart

b

3. Two politicians give an identical policy speech, filled with factual and logical errors. Politician one gives the speech with exceptional and inspirational emotion. Politician two gives the speech with almost no emotion. Individuals watching which politician are MOST likely to notice the clear factual and logical errors. A. Politician one B. Politician two C. Both are equally likely - facts and logic are separate from emotion

b

3. Which of the following is true regarding the American Psychological Associations assessment of the ethics of the Stanford Prison experiment? A. the researchers should have known that the guards would become abusive and thus the experiment was unethical B. the research was consistent with the ethical guidelines of the time, but similar experiments would be considered unethical today C. the research was consistent with the ethical guidelines of time, and similar experiments would be considered ethical today as long as the participants provided consent

b

4. James is a successful neuroscientist. Lydia is a successful real-estate agent. Who is more likely to score high for emotional intelligence? A. James - being a neuroscientist requires more intelligence B. Lydia - being a real-estate agent requires reading others' emotions C. They are the same - being successful always requires being able to read others' emotions

b

4. Which of the following pairs will have personalities that are least correlated with one another? A) Parents and their biological offspring that live apart B) Parents and their adopted children that live together C) Identical twins that live together D) Identical twins that live apart E) Fraternal twins that live together

b

5. Milgram often discussed his experimental results on obedience as showing that humans are willing to blindly follow authority. The "results" of the Scientific American piece suggested that ___________. A. Milgram was correct; individuals will follow authority with no qualms whatsoever B. Milgram was correct that individuals will often follow authority; but many do so with great hesitation C. Milgram was incorrect; no individuals followed authority

b

5. One proposed reason that humans are willing to help individuals who are not direct relatives at potential personal cost is that: A) Humans are always uniquely and truly altruistic B) Even if we are not directly related to an individual, we recognize potential shared genetics and thus are interested in helping our shared genes survive

b

5. What is one key difference between true smiles and fake smiles? A. People always show their teeth with true smiles, but not fake smiles B. True smiles involve raising the corner of the eyes as well as the corners of the mouth C. People never show their teeth with true smiles, only fake smiles D. Only true smiles involve raising the corners of the mouth

b

5. When Karen sees her friend Jessica trip and fall in the cafeteria, Karen remarks that, "Jessica has always been really clumsy." However, when Karen later trips and falls herself, Karen says, "The floor in this cafeteria is really slippery!" Karen is making a _______ attribution about her friend, but a ________ attribution about herself. A) situational; dispositional B) dispositional; situational

b

Chris has a number of very deeply held stereotypical views about individuals that are homosexual. He then meets Kari, who is homosexual, and whose beliefs, abilities, and attitudes defy all of Chris's stereotypes about homosexuals. How is Chris most likely to respond? Kari provides clear evidence Chris's stereotypical views are wrong, thus Chris is very likely to abandon those stereotypical views completely Chris is likely to hold on to his stereotypical views with an "exception" for Kari

b

Janice is sitting in the cafeteria when a man walking by spills soup all over himself. Janice mutters to herself that this man must be incredibly clumsy. Janice has made a _________ attribution about the man. situational dispositional static dynamic

b

Jenna goes to East High School. East High School's greatest rival is West High School. According to social identity theory, when Jenna is asked how variable the personalities are at East High School and West High School, she is likely to say that: there are lots of different personalities at West High School, while most people at East High School are the same there are lots of different personalities at East High School, while most people at West High School are the same there is no difference in how variable the personalities are at East and West High School

b

The Robber's Cave Experiment demonstrated the efficacy of using ________ as a method to reduce conflict between groups. stereotype threat equal status contact implicit association the bogus pipeline social desirability

b

The belief that all individuals from India are good at math is an example of: prejudice a stereotype discrimination

b

3. What was the experimenter in the Milgram obedience studies supposed to do to get the participants to continue shocking the learner? A) offer them positive reinforcement, such as money B) threaten them with punishment, such as a lower grade C) calmly instruct them to continue D) tell them that everyone else had performed the task, so they should conform E) use systematic persuasion techniques

c

4. David is on the subway when she sees a young woman being accosted by three young men. In which of the situations below will David be MOST likely to help the woman. A) When there are 50 other people on the subway, he does not know the woman, and the three young men appear strong enough to greatly physically injure David B) When there are 50 other people on the subway and he does not know the woman C) When there are only 2 other people on the subway and the woman screams out "David, it's Diane from your apartment building. Please help!" D) When there are only 2 other people on the subway

c

4. Robert's favorite baseball team won the World Series. After the game he was swept up in a mob of people celebrating. He strayed from his own moral values as he joined the mob in tipping over cars and smashing car windows. This illustrates the phenomenon of: A) prejudice B) cognitive dissonance C) deindividuation D) reactivity E) obedience

c

4. Which of the following below would be evidence against the idea that there are global personality traits and evidence for the idea that all traits are determined by the situation? A. Jeff is always the most talkative and outgoing person in the room, no matter where he is. B. Brenda is careful and follows the rules in all situations. C. Steve tends to be extremely shy at parties and when meeting strangers, but when he is with his small group of friends he is the life of the party. D. Jeff is now 40 years old. He has been highly outgoing, talkative, and sociable since he was 5 years old.

c

6. When research participants are shown a picture of either a black face or a white face, followed by either a picture of a gun or a tool, the participants are more likely to incorrectly categorize a tool as a gun when the preceding face was _______. However, this effect is much larger when the responses are _________. A) black; slow B) white; slow C) black; fast D) white; fast

c

8. Which is of the following is the best explanation for why humans have language while other animals do not? A) humans have the largest brains of all animals B) humans have the largest brain-to-body ratio of all animals C) humans have evolved dedicated neural structures specialized for language D) only humans have the motor apparatus necessary for language

c

9. Tyler, Tom, and Adam are all auditioning for a role in the school play - Hamlet. In their audition they will have to recite the famous "To be or not to be" soliloquy. Tyler attempts to memorize the speech by reading it 100 times. Tom attempts to memorize the speech by reading it 90 times, but stopping every 10 readings to practicing giving the speech. Adam attempts to memorize the speech by reading it 33 times, stopping after each reading to practice giving the speech twice. Who is most likely to have perfectly memorized the speech? A) Tyler - he has read the speech the most times B) Tom - he has read the speech almost as much as Tyler, but he also practiced giving it a few times C) Adam - even though he read the speech far less than Tom or Tyler, the active rehearsal should help him memorize the speech much better than either of them

c

Because individuals are not always willing to admit to being prejudiced, in order to measure an individual's true level of prejudice, social psychologists often use either the _____________ or the ___________. BIS/BAS survey; PANAS survey implicit association test; BIS/BAS survey implicit association test; bogus pipeline technique BIS/BAS survey; bogus pipeline technique implicit association test; PANAS survey

c

Black individuals with more stereotypically black faces are _______ likely to be sentenced to death for murder than black individuals with less stereotypically black faces, but only when ___________. less; when the victim was white less; when the victim was black more; when the victim was white more; when the victim was black

c

D) theological 3. Tyrone, Jerrod, and Trey all take the NEO-PI at age 15, 30, 45, and 60. What is the most likely outcome? A) Their scores will remain identical throughout their life because personality traits are stable. B) Their scores will remain identical throughout their life because personality traits are consistent. C) Their agreeableness scores will generally increase as they get older, but their rank order will remain the same (i.e. the person who is the most agreeable at age 15 will still be the most agreeable at age 60). D) Their agreeableness scores will generally decrease as they get older, but their rank order will remain the same (i.e. the person who is the lease agreeable at age 15 will still be the lease agreeable at age 60).

c

Joann is driving home from class one foggy night. As she is turning right, she almost hits Brad who is biking past. Which of the following most closely corresponds to how Brad will likely describe the near accident? "I was almost hit by someone on the way home. She probably couldn't see me be because it was so dark." "I was almost hit by someone on the way home. She probably couldn't see me because of the fog." "I was almost hit by someone on the way home who clearly wasn't paying any attention to where she was going."

c

Karl and Blake both failed their Organic Chemistry mid-term. If Karl is asked about his own failure, he is likely make a _________ attribution. If Karl is asked about Blake's failure, he is likely to make a _________ attribution. situational; situational dispositional; dispositional situational; dispositional dispositional; situational

c

Professor Gordon is conducting an experiment examining how males and females perform on a spatially demanding video game. Which statement might Professor Gordon make before every session of the experiment that would activate stereo-type threat in the female participants and that would in turn cause the females to perform disproportionately poorly? "It is well-known that females are generally better than males at such games." "There are no known differences by sex or gender at this game." "It will be interesting to see if the results of this game match the well-known fact that females have poorer spatial skills than males."

c

When Paul is asked explicitly, he says he has no hostility toward any particular group. However, when tested with the Implicit Association Test, Paul's results suggest he finds it easier to associate white faces with positive words, than he does to associate black faces with positive words. This pattern suggests that while Paul might have no ___________ biases against black individuals, he may still have ________ biases. automatic; blatant ambiguous; blatant blatant; automatic ambivalent; blatant

c

1. Haley is always described as being very calm and self-secure. She almost never worries about herself or her future. Based upon this description alone, Haley would be rated as LOW for: A. Openness B. Extraversion C. Conscientiousness D. Neuroticism E. Agreeableness

d

1. Jack is an expert at darts. If he throws 100 darts, he can usually get around 80 bulls eyes (e.g. throws directly in the middle of the board). Jill is a novice at darts. If she throws 100 darts, she can usually only get about 20 bulls eyes. If Jack and Jill are asked to throw 100 darts each during a party with 200 of their friends and relatives looking on, what is the most likely outcome? A) Jack will throw 80 bulls eyes, Jill will throw 20 bulls eyes B) Jack will throw 60 bulls eyes, Jill will throw 10 bulls eyes C) Jack will throw 90 bulls eyes, Jill will throw 30 bulls eyes D) Jack will throw 90 bulls eyes, Jill will throw 10 bulls eyes E) Jack will throw 60 bulls eyes, Jill will throw 30 bulls eyes

d

1. The following terms describe Jennifer: organized, self-disciplined, calm, secure. According to the Big Five factor model of personality, Jennifer would rate HIGH for _________, and LOW for ___________. A) agreeableness; neuroticism B) conscientiousness; extraversion C) neuroticism; openness to experience D) conscientiousness; neuroticism E) neuroticism; extraversion

d

2. Dan sees Mary being verbally and physically accosted by a strange man in the park. Which of the following would NOT increase the chance that Dan will help Mary? A) Dan has a close personal relationship with Mary B) There is only one other person in the park C) Dan and Mary are the same age, race, and ethnicity D) The strange man has a knife and Dan believes he is likely to be injured if he attempts to help

d

2. In follow-up experiments to Milgram's obedience study, which of the following has been found to DECREASE obedience in participants: A) when there is no role model present for disobeying the experimenter B) when the experimenter is perceived to be a legitimate authority C) when the experimenter is from a prestigious institution D) when the victim is in close proximity to the participant E) when the participant cannot see the learner when he or she is "shocked"

d

3. In gym class Sam has taken part in 3 different rowing events (i.e. "crew"/rowing a boat). In the first event he'll be rowing by himself, in the second he'll be rowing with one other person, in the third he'll be rowing with eight other people. The gym teacher has installed a measuring device in each boat that shows each persons' rowing performance on an electronic score board. In which of the events is Sam likely to put in the least effort? A) When he is by himself B) When he is with a partner C) When he is with eight other people D) All the events are likely to be reasonably equal because of the monitoring

d

4. As Brenda is walking to class, she sees six classmates staring up into a tree. Brenda thus also stares up into the tree. This is an example of: A) the social exclusion principle B) systematic persuasion C) the actor-observer effect D) informational social influence E) the representativeness heuristic

d

4. Dr. Zombardo describes a number of ways that his behavior changed as a function of his role as "Superintendent" of the Stanford Prison. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways his behavior changed? A. His style of walking (with arms behind his back) B. He started sleeping in his office C. He accepted seeing student 'prisoner' participants in horrible conditions (including with bags over their heads) D. He became physically abusive to the 'prisoner' participants

d

5. Although most members of George W. Bush's administration were certain that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction and thus had to be disarmed, some members of the administration believed the evidence was flimsy or false. However, these members did not speak up because they felt pressured to conform to the group and to withhold criticism. This is an example of: A) group polarization B) social facilitation C) social loafing D) group think E) bystander apathy

d

10. In which of the following cases will there be the strongest correlation in personality scores? A) An individual takes the test at age 5 and again at age 8 B) An individual takes the test at age 15 and again at age 18 C) An individual takes the test at age 15 and again at age 38 D) An individual takes the test at age 35 and again at age 38 E) An individual takes the test at age 55 and again at age 58

e

3. Bob is playing basketball with his friends. Although Bob generally makes about 50% of his shots, today he has missed his last 10 shots. Bob is now convinced that he will make his next shot because he is "due for a run of good luck." Bob's belief is an example of: A) conjunction fallacy B) hot-hand fallacy C) availability bias D) loss aversion E) gambler's fallacy

e

5. Ronald is a softhearted individual who easily trusts people and will usually go out of his way to help them. According to the Big Five factor model of personality, Ronald would likely score high on: A) extraversion B) conscientiousness C) openness to experience D) neuroticism E) agreeableness

e

5. Yuri is a new student at Wisconsin. On her first day she goes to Union South for lunch. There she sees 50 students in line for one of the restaurants and 0 students in line for either of the other two restaurants. Yuri decides to get in the long line thinking that if 50 students would rather wait in line than visit the other restaurants, that suggests the first restaurant is far better than the other two. This is an example of : A) Normative social influence B) Social bias C) Anchoring D) Obedience E) Informational social influence

e

6. When Janet arrives to take her SATs, she finds that all of the other students are males. Although she performs well on the verbal section of the test, her math scores end up being much lower that she was expecting based on the practice tests she took at home. This is consistent with which of the following? A) mere exposure effect B) fundamental attribution error C) self-serving bias D) availability bias E) stereotype threat

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7. Adam buys an old t-shirt at a yard sale for $1. Although Adam wouldn't have been willing to buy the shirt himself for any more than $2, when a friend offers to buy it, Adam refuses to sell for less than $20. Adam's behavior is consistent with: A) ignoring the base rate B) representativeness heuristic C) anchoring D) availability bias E) the endowment effect

e

9. Jason's friend asks him for a ride to the airport. Jason doesn't really want to take the friend, but he knows if he does, he can ask the friend for a ride to the mall next week. Jason taking the friend to the airport is an example of: A) self-serving bias B) pure altruism C) kin selection D) social facilitation E) reciprocal altruism

e