Psychology 200 Chapter 6-7
implicit
_________________ memory is suggested but not plainly expressed, as illustrated in the things that people do but do not state clearly.
neurological
Children bring ______________ prewiring to language learning in the nativist theory of language development.
prototype
Children's ___________ become more refined after they are shown positive and negative instances and given explanations.
goal
The means-end analysis is a heuristic device in which we try to solve a problem by evaluating the difference between the current situation and the ___.
Infantile amnesia
___ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.
dissociate amnesia
___ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma.
explicit
___ is the memory of things that are clearly stated or explained.
prospective memory
___ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time.
memory
___ is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
Semanticity
___ is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, and ideas.
serial-position effect
___ is the tendency to recall more accurately the first and last items in a series.
heuristics
___ permit more rapid solutions that algorithms.
thinking
___ refers tot conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.
episodic memory
_____ are memories of events that happen to a person or that takes place in the person's presence.
icon
A(n) ___ is a mental representation of a visual stimulus that is held briefly in sensory memory.
schema
A(n) ________ is a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations.
chunk
A(n) _________ is a stimulus or group or stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information.
analogy
A(n) __________ is a partial similarity among things that are different in other ways.
language
A(n) __________ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.
mental set
A(n) ____________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.
mental age
A(n) ____________ shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
holophrase
A(n) ______________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.
primary mental abilities
According to Louis Thurstone, _______________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.
art
Creative people appreciate ________ and music.
auditory
Echoes are mental representation of an _________ stimulus that are held briefly in sensory memory.
autobiographical
Episodic memory is also referred to as _____________ memory.
semantic
General knowledge is referred to as _______________ memory.
procedural
Implicit memories involve methods and skills and are also referred to as ________________ memories.
repression
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, ________ is the ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness.
insight
In Gestalt psychology, __________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
convergent
In __________ thinking, thought is limited to present facts to find the best solution.
overextension
In language development, over inclusion of instances in a category is labeled ___.
divergent thinking
In the context of creativity and intelligence, _______________ helps generate many possible solutions.
serial processing
In the context of problem solving, _____________ involves handling one element of the problem at a time.
nervous system
In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the LAD prepares the __________________ to learn grammar.
rehearsal
Maintenance _______________ involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to one self.
retrospective
Memory for past events, activities, as shown by explicit and implicit memories, fall under the category of ________________ memory.
attitude
Moods and _________ affect prospective memory.
irregular verbs
Overregularizations is the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections to ________________ and nouns.
consciousness
Retrieval of stored information means locating it and returning it to ___.
new learning
Retroactive active is the interference of _____________ with the ability to retrieve material learned previously.
stimulus
Sensory memory is the type or stage of memory that is first encountered by a ___.
academic
Studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to _________ achievement.
Wechsler scale
The _________________ groups test questions into a number of separate subtests where each subtests measures a different intellectual task.
linguistic-relativity
The _________________ hypothesis is the view that language structures the way we view the world.
tip-of-the-tongue
The _____________________ phenomenon is the feeling that information is stored in memory although it cannot be readily retrieved.
new information
The appearance of _______________ in short-term memory displaces the old information.
proactive interference
The interference by old learning with the ability to retrieve material learned recently is known as ___.
saccadic eye movement
The series of eye fixations that we perceive as visual sensations seem continuous, or stream like, because of ___________________.
overconfidence
We work to bring about the events we believe in causing ___.
short-term memory
___ can hold information for up to a minute or so after the trace of the stimulus decays.
practical intelligence
___ enables people to deal with other people and to meet the demands of their environment.
algorithms
___ invariably lead to solutions if they are used properly.
Creativity
___ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
Retrograde amnesia
___ is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma.
encoding
___ is the first stage of information processing.
babbling
Babies' _______________ frequently combines consonants and vowels in prelinguistic vocalizations.
intelligence
Analytical ____________ includes problem-solving such as encoding information and generating a solution.
physical trauma
Anterograde amnesia is the failure to remember the events that occur after a ___.
psycholinguistic
According to ______________ theory environmental influences affect language acquisition.